HomeMy WebLinkAbout 16-11 Adopting the 2016 WC Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan1
WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
WELD COUNTY 2016
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL
HAZARD MITIGATION
PLAN
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Table of Contents
1 Certification of Annual Plan Review Meetings ..................................................................................... 8
2 Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................... 9
3 The Planning Process .......................................................................................................................... 10
3.1 Background ................................................................................................................................. 10
3.2 Hazard Mitigation Planning ......................................................................................................... 12
3.3 Local Methodology and Update Process .................................................................................... 13
3.4 The Planning Team ...................................................................................................................... 16
3.5 Planning Meetings and Documentation ..................................................................................... 19
3.6 Public and Stakeholder Participation .......................................................................................... 23
3.7 Multi-Jurisdictional Planning and Participation .......................................................................... 30
3.8 Existing Planning Mechanisms .................................................................................................... 32
4 County Profile ..................................................................................................................................... 35
4.1 Demographics ............................................................................................................................. 37
4.2 Social Vulnerability ...................................................................................................................... 39
4.3 Housing Stock .............................................................................................................................. 43
4.4 Critical Facilities .......................................................................................................................... 45
4.5 Future Development ................................................................................................................... 48
5 Risk Assessment .................................................................................................................................. 54
5.1 Introduction and Update Summary ............................................................................................ 54
5.2 Hazard Profiles ............................................................................................................................ 63
6 Mitigation Strategy ........................................................................................................................... 201
6.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 201
6.2 Goals and Objectives Summary ................................................................................................ 203
6.3 2009 Hazard Mitigation Plan Action Report ............................................................................. 205
6.4 2016 Hazard Mitigation Plan Action Report ............................................................................. 212
7 Plan Implementation and Maintenance ........................................................................................... 219
7.1 Implementation Action Plan ..................................................................................................... 219
Appendix A – Meeting Agendas & Sign-In Sheets ..................................................................................... 223
Appendix B – Community Profiles ............................................................................................................ 239
Community Profiles ................................................................................................................................... 240
Town of Ault .......................................................................................................................................... 241
City of Brighton ..................................................................................................................................... 252
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
City of Dacono ....................................................................................................................................... 278
Town of Erie .......................................................................................................................................... 298
City of Evans .......................................................................................................................................... 328
Town of Firestone ................................................................................................................................. 357
City of Fort Lupton ................................................................................................................................ 370
Town of Frederick ................................................................................................................................. 380
Town of Garden City .............................................................................................................................. 400
Town of Gilcrest .................................................................................................................................... 409
City of Greeley ....................................................................................................................................... 419
Town of Hudson .................................................................................................................................... 440
Town of Keenesburg .............................................................................................................................. 456
Town of Kersey...................................................................................................................................... 474
Town of LaSalle ..................................................................................................................................... 484
Town of Mead ....................................................................................................................................... 498
Town of Milliken ................................................................................................................................... 511
Town of Pierce ...................................................................................................................................... 532
Town of Platteville ................................................................................................................................ 541
Town of Severance ................................................................................................................................ 557
Town of Windsor ................................................................................................................................... 570
Appendix C – Local Jurisdiction Mitigation Outreach ............................................................................... 585
Tables
Table 1. Adopting Communities – Weld County 2016 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan .......... 18
Table 2. 2009 and 2016 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan Participation ................................... 31
Table 3. Population Forecasts for Weld County, 2000 - 2040 .................................................................... 37
Table 4. 2014-2015 Economic and Demographic Snapshot ....................................................................... 38
Table 5. Social Vulnerability Indicators ....................................................................................................... 40
Table 6. County and State Housing Snapshot ............................................................................................. 43
Table 7. Weld County Critical Facilities ....................................................................................................... 47
Table 8. Critical Facilities by Occupancy Type ............................................................................................. 47
Table 9. Population Forecasts by Region and County, 2000 - 2040............................................................ 48
Table 10. State Demographers Office Population Projections by Region and County (2010 – 2040) ........ 48
Table 11. Annual New, Privately-Owned Residential Building Permits Issued in Weld County ................. 52
Table 12. Key Risk Assessment Terminology .............................................................................................. 54
Table 13. State/Local Plan Hazards Matrix ................................................................................................. 55
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Table 14. Evaluation of Hazards for Inclusion in the 2016 Weld County Risk Assessment ........................ 56
Table 15. Presidential Disaster and Emergency Declarations in Weld County ........................................... 57
Table 16. Risk Factor Criteria ...................................................................................................................... 60
Table 17. Risk Factor Results for Weld County and Participation Jurisdictions .......................................... 62
Table 18. Hazard Risk Conclusions for Weld County .................................................................................. 63
Table 19. Summary of Vulnerability Analysis and Loss Estimation Methodologies ................................... 64
Table 20. Hazard Vulnerability Summary by Jurisdiction ........................................................................... 70
Table 21. Drought Severity Classification ................................................................................................... 73
Table 22. Historical Dry and Wet Periods in Colorado ................................................................................ 74
Table 23. USDA Secretarial Disasters Affecting Weld County 2005 - Present ............................................ 76
Table 24. Drought Impacts Reported in Weld County (2005 – 2015) ......................................................... 78
Table 25. Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale ................................................................................................ 85
Table 26. Notable Earthquake Events in Colorado (1870 – 2015) .............................................................. 86
Table 27. Economic Losses – Golden Fault Scenario (Losses in Millions of Dollars) ................................... 95
Table 28. Golden Fault Scenario – Expected Damage to Critical Facilities ................................................. 96
Table 29. National Weather Service Wind Chill Warnings ........................................................................ 103
Table 30. Heat Index and Associated Heat Disorders ............................................................................... 104
Table 31. Extreme Heat Warnings ............................................................................................................ 104
Table 32. Extreme Cold Events in Weld County (1950 – 2015) ................................................................ 105
Table 33. Populations Vulnerable to Extreme Temperatures................................................................... 114
Table 34. Communities Participating in the FEMA NFIP ........................................................................... 119
Table 35. CRS Premium Discounts ............................................................................................................ 119
Table 36. Weld County Historical Flood Events (1950 – 2015) ................................................................. 123
Table 37. Severe Repetitive Loss Property - City of Greeley ..................................................................... 125
Table 38. SRL Structure - City of Greeley Loss Summary .......................................................................... 125
Table 39. Flood Prone Critical Areas ......................................................................................................... 128
Table 40. Flood Prone Critical Facilities – City and County Facilities ........................................................ 128
Table 41. Flood Prone Critical Facilities – Community Services ................................................................ 128
Table 42. Economic Loss Estimates by Jurisdiction (Hazus 100-year Flood Scenario)* ............................ 131
Table 43. Inventory Located in SFHA Areas (Current Prelim Data) ........................................................... 134
Table 44. Potential Losses of Inventory, 100-Year Flood Event ................................................................ 134
Table 45. Hazardous Materials -- Classes and Descriptions ...................................................................... 136
Table 46. CGS Land Subsidence Case Histories – Weld County ................................................................ 144
Table 47. Summary of Structures and Critical Facilities in Areas at High Risk of Land Subsidence .......... 148
Table 48. Structures and Critical Facilities in Moderate Risk Areas of Weld County ................................ 158
Table 49. Colorado Reportable Disease Statistics (CDPHE), Weld County ............................................... 161
Table 50. Impacts to Subjects Impacted by Public Health Emergencies .................................................. 163
Table 52. Total Workdays Lost .................................................................................................................. 164
Table 52. Pandemic Vulnerability Factor Data .......................................................................................... 166
Table 53. Historic Hail Events reporting loss in Weld County ................................................................... 171
Table 54. Lightning Strikes in Weld County* ............................................................................................ 173
Table 55. Historic Winter Storms in the Weld County .............................................................................. 174
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Table 56. Fujita Tornado Damage Scale .................................................................................................... 178
Table 57. Enhanced Fujita (EF) Scale ......................................................................................................... 179
Table 58. Institutional Buildings ................................................................................................................ 180
Table 59. Educational Institutions (Elementary Schools, High Schools) ................................................... 181
Table 60. Metal Building Systems ............................................................................................................. 181
Table 61. Electric Transmission Lines ........................................................................................................ 182
Table 62. Tornado History in Weld County (1950 – 2014) ........................................................................ 183
Table 63. Severe Wind Event History in Weld County (1996 – 2014) ....................................................... 193
Table 64. Goals – 2009 Northeast Colorado Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan ........................................ 203
Table 65. 2016 Weld County Mitigation Strategy – Updated Goals and Objectives ................................ 204
Table 66. Processes for Integrating Hazard Mitigation into Other Planning Mechanisms ....................... 222
Figures
Figure 1. Weld County Jurisdictions Participating in the 2016 HMP Planning Process .............................. 17
Figure 2. Weld County Social Media Announcements................................................................................ 23
Figure 3. Project Website Homepage ......................................................................................................... 24
Figure 4. Weld County Hazard Mitigation Plan – Web-Based Risk Assessment Results ............................ 29
Figure 5. Map of Weld County .................................................................................................................... 35
Figure 6. Weld County Transportation Routes ........................................................................................... 36
Figure 7. Weld County Social Vulnerability Assessment ............................................................................. 42
Figure 8. Weld County Household Composition ......................................................................................... 44
Figure 9. Weld County Critical Facilities ...................................................................................................... 46
Figure 10. Average Annual Percent Change in Population, Statewide ....................................................... 49
Figure 11. Projected Statewide Population Growth ................................................................................... 50
Figure 12. Weld County Subdivisions .......................................................................................................... 51
Figure 13. Summary of Disaster Declaration Events, Colorado (Source: FEMA Region VIII) ...................... 58
Figure 14. Summary of Disaster Declaration Events, Weld County (Source: FEMA Region VIII) ................ 59
Figure 15. Map of Historical Earthquake Epicenters (1962 – 2015) and HAZUS Fault Scenarios ............... 90
Figure 16. Map of PGA from Golden Fault Earthquake .............................................................................. 92
Figure 17. Map of Total Economic Losses from Golden Fault Scenario ...................................................... 94
Figure 18. Map of Debris Generated from Golden Fault Scenario ............................................................. 97
Figure 19. Map of Displaced Households – Golden Fault Scenario ............................................................ 99
Figure 20. NOAA Wind Chill Chart............................................................................................................. 103
Figure 21. Mean Colorado Temperature Trends (1895 – 2015) ............................................................... 112
Figure 22. Floodplain Terminology ........................................................................................................... 117
Figure 23. Map of Weld County Special Flood Hazard Areas.................................................................... 121
Figure 24. Map of Flooding Threat to Critical Facilities and DFIRM Depth Grid ....................................... 127
Figure 25.Total Economic Losses (100-Year Flood Scenario) .................................................................... 130
Figure 26. Structures in the Special Flood Hazard Area ............................................................................ 133
Figure 27. Colorado Hazardous and Nuclear Materials Route Restrictions.............................................. 139
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Figure 28. A Semitrailer carrying hazardous materials rolled off a ramp and crashed in Greeley (Source:
Greeley Fire Department, May 13, 2015) ................................................................................................. 140
Figure 29. Map of Undermined Areas in Weld County ............................................................................. 143
Figure 30. Structures and Parcels Located in Undermined Areas ............................................................ 146
Figure 31. Critical Facilities Located in Undermined Areas ....................................................................... 147
Figure 32. Prairie Fire near Weld County ................................................................................................. 149
Figure 33. Map of Prairie Fire Risk ............................................................................................................ 153
Figure 34. Map of Wildland-Urban Interface Risk .................................................................................... 155
Figure 35. Weld County -- Prairie Fire Risk Index, Structure Exposure ..................................................... 157
Figure 36. Proportion of Workdays Lost due to Pandemic Influenza ....................................................... 165
Figure 37. Average Lightning Flash Density in the U.S. ............................................................................. 169
Figure 38. Colorado Lightning Flash Density Map .................................................................................... 170
Figure 39. Weld County – Historical Hail Events ....................................................................................... 172
Figure 40. Tornado Touchdowns in Weld County, May 22, 2008 ............................................................. 191
Figure 41. Weld County – Historical Tornado Events ............................................................................... 192
Figure 42. Weld County – Historical High Wind Events ............................................................................ 198
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
1 Certification of Annual Plan Review Meetings
The Weld County Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee (HMPC) has agreed to review the contents of
this Hazard Mitigation Plan annually. See Chapter 7 of this Plan for further details regarding the following
table. The following table hereby certifies this review.
YEAR DATE SIGNATURE
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
2 Executive Summary
In July 2015 a diverse group of stakeholders came together to update the Weld County Multi-Jurisdictional
Hazard Mitigation Plan. This is the first time Weld County developed a Hazard Mitigation Plan on its own
and the major goals of the planning effort were to re-evaluate local risk and vulnerability to hazards, to
develop cross-jurisdictional partnerships and public outreach processes, and to develop a new, robust,
county-specific hazard mitigation strategy.
In September of 2013 Weld County experienced the most devastating flood in the county's history,
resulting in damages to homes, businesses, public buildings and infrastructure. The flood event damaged
over 2,000 residential parcels in Weld County, as well as over 1,400 agricultural and over 300 commercial
parcels. One Hundred Sixty Weld County roads were under water or affected in some way by the flood
and over 20 municipalities within Weld County were impacted by the event. Due to the flood event, a key
priority of the county and its local jurisdictions was to update the hazard profile included in the existing
Northeast Colorado Regional Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan with improved floodplain
information that was collected after the 2013 floods. One of the long-term goals of the updated plan is to
guide development away from high hazard areas and to use improved hazard mapping products to better
communicate risk to local residents and stakeholders.
The Weld County Office of Emergency Management (Weld OEM), in coordination with other county
departments, assumed the lead role in the development of the 2016 Weld County Multi-Jurisdictional
Hazard Mitigation Plan. In order to ensure a meaningful planning process, Weld OEM actively encouraged
participation from all jurisdictions within the county. Weld OEM fostered participation by prioritizing
continuous contact (for example, by sending out regular email reminders and following up with phone
calls to discuss action items and challenges). Weld OEM also met one-on-one with local jurisdictions to
discuss the results of the risk assessment, to identify feasible mitigation actions, and to help with action
prioritization. Developing ongoing relationships and collaboration related to the hazard mitigation plan
remains a high priority for Weld County. Moving forward, the Weld County Hazard Mitigation Planning
Committee will build off of the relationships developed during this planning process and will continue to
play an active role in annual plan reviews and resilience-building efforts
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
3 The Planning Process
This section of the Plan describes the mitigation planning process undertaken by Weld County and
participating jurisdictions in the preparation of this Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan. This
chapter consists of the following subsections:
Background
Hazard Mitigation Planning
Local Methodology and Update Process
The Planning Team
Planning Meetings and Documentation
Public and Stakeholder Participation
Multi-Jurisdictional Planning and Participation
Existing Planning Mechanisms
Community Profiles
3.1 Background
Emergency Management is the discipline of identifying, managing, and avoiding risks. It involves preparing
for a disaster before it occurs, supporting those affected by disasters, and planning and rebuilding after a
natural or human-caused hazard event. Emergency Management is a cyclical, dynamic process by which
individuals, groups, and communities attempt to manage hazards in an effort to avoid or reduce the
impact of disasters.
A critical piece of the Emergency Management Cycle is Hazard Mitigation Planning. Hazard Mitigation
Planning is a process by which communities identify their risks and vulnerabilities and outline policies,
capabilities, activities, and tools necessary to implement successful and sustainable mitigation strategies.
Why is mitigation planning important? Mitigation planning offers many benefits, including:
Protection of lives and property;
Reduction of economic losses;
Quick and effective recovery following disasters;
Reduction of future vulnerability through smart development and post-disaster recovery and
reconstruction;
Enhanced coordination within and across participating jurisdictions;
Efficient receipt of pre-disaster and post-disaster grant funding; and
Development of a firm commitment to improving community health, safety, and resilience.
Mitigation planning is meant to result in long-term and recurring local benefits by breaking the repetitive
cycle of disaster loss. A core assumption of hazard mitigation is that pre-disaster investments significantly
reduce the demand for post-disaster assistance by lessening the need for emergency response, repair,
recovery, and reconstruction. Furthermore, mitigation practices enable local residents, businesses, and
industries to re-establish themselves in the wake of a disaster, getting the community economy back on
track sooner and with less interruption.
In practice, the benefits of mitigation planning go beyond reducing hazard vulnerability. For example,
strategies such as the acquisition or regulation of land in known hazard areas can help achieve multiple
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
community goals, including preserving open space, improving water quality, maintaining environmental
health, and enhancing recreational opportunities. Thus, it is vitally important that local mitigation
planning processes are integrated with other concurrent local planning efforts. Moreover, any proposed
mitigation strategies must take into account other existing community goals or initiatives that will help
complement or hinder their future implementation. Weld County and its municipalities have embraced
this approach, identifying multiple opportunities to link the Plan with pre-existing programs, policies,
plans, and initiatives.
During the last two decades, the approach to the emergency management cycle has evolved considerably.
A new emphasis has been placed on planning for disasters before they occur as a complement to effective
response and recovery. As a result, hazard mitigation has gained increasing prominence as a critical part
of emergency management. By implementing strategic hazard mitigation projects, local and regional risks
can be proactively and systematically reduced over time.
This 2016 Plan is the result of continuing work by the citizens of Weld County to update a regional pre-
disaster multi-hazard mitigation plan. Not only will this Plan continue to guide the county towards greater
disaster resistance, but will also respect the character and needs of local jurisdictions and their residents.
PURPOSE
Weld County adopted the Northeast Colorado Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan in September, 2009. The
2009 Plan provided momentum for making homes, businesses, and communities as safe as possible
against the impacts of floods, tornadoes, winter weather, and other natural hazards. It also assessed the
effectiveness of prior and current programs and activities in the region and identified shortfalls; mitigation
measures were further developed to help reduce the region’s exposure to emerging natural hazards.
Weld County has remained dedicated in continuing the work started in the 2009 Northeast Colorado
Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan and has elected to develop a county-scale hazard mitigation plan. The
purpose of the 2016 Weld County Multi-Jurisdiction Hazard Mitigation Plan is:
To protect life and property by reducing the potential for future damages and economic losses
that result from natural hazards;
To qualify for additional grant funding, in both the pre-disaster and post-disaster environment;
To provide quick recovery and redevelopment following future disasters;
To integrate other existing and associated local planning documents;
To demonstrate a firm local commitment to hazard mitigation principles;
To comply with state and federal legislative requirements tied to local hazard mitigation planning;
and
To increase local and regional resilience to hazards.
SCOPE
This 2016 Plan has been prepared to meet requirements set forth by the Federal Emergency Management
Agency (FEMA) and the Colorado Division of Homeland Security and Emergency Management (DHSEM) in
order for Weld County to be eligible for funding and technical assistance from state and federal hazard
mitigation programs. It will continue to be updated and maintained to continually address those natural
hazards determined to be of high and moderate risk as defined by the updated results of the local hazard,
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
risk, and vulnerability summary. Other natural hazards will continue to be evaluated during future updates
of the Plan in order to determine if they warrant additional attention, including the development of
specific mitigation measures intended to reduce their impact. This Plan will be updated and FEMA-
approved within its five-year expiration date.
AUTHORITY
This Hazard Mitigation Plan has been adopted by Weld County and its participating jurisdictions in
accordance with the authority granted to counties and municipalities by the State of Colorado. This Plan
was developed in accordance with current state and federal rules and regulations governing local hazard
mitigation plans. The Plan shall be monitored and updated on a routine basis to maintain compliance with
the following legislation and guidance:
Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, 42 U.S.C., Section 322, Mitigation
Planning, as enacted by Section 104 of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (P.L. 106-390) and by
FEMA’s Interim Final Rule published in the Federal Register on February 26, 2002, at 44 CFR Part
201
The following Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) guides and reference documents were
used to prepare this document:
FEMA. 386-1: Getting Started. September 2002.
FEMA. 386-2: Understanding Your Risks: Identifying Hazards and Estimating Losses. August 2001.
FEMA. 386-3: Developing the Mitigation Plan. April 2003.
FEMA. 386-4: Bringing the Plan to Life. August 2003.
FEMA. 386-5: Using Benefit-Cost Review in Mitigation Planning. May 2007.
FEMA. 386-6: Integrating Historic Property and Cultural Resource Considerations into Hazard
Mitigation Planning. May 2005.
FEMA. 386-7: Integrating Manmade Hazards into Mitigation Planning. September 2003.
FEMA. 386-8: Multi-Municipality Mitigation Planning. August 2006.
FEMA. Coordinators Manual, National Flood Insurance Program Community Rating System. 2007.
FEMA. 386-9: Using the Hazard Mitigation Plan to Prepare Successful Mitigation Projects. August
2008.
FEMA. Local Mitigation Plan Review Guide. October 1, 2011
FEMA. Local Multi-Hazard Mitigation Planning Handbook. March, 2013.
3.2 Hazard Mitigation Planning
Local hazard mitigation planning is the process of organizing community resources, identifying and
assessing hazard risks, and determining how to best minimize or manage those risks. The process results
in a hazard mitigation plan that identifies specific mitigation actions, each designed to achieve both short
term planning objectives and a long-term community vision. To ensure the timely implementation of each
mitigation action, responsibility is assigned to a specific individual, department, or agency along with a
schedule for its implementation. Plan maintenance procedures are established to help implement,
evaluate, and enhance the Plan as necessary. Developing clear plan maintenance procedures ensures
that Weld County’s Multi-Jurisdiction Hazard Mitigation Plan remains a current, dynamic, and effective
planning tool over time.
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3.3 Local Methodology and Update Process
This updated Plan contains a comprehensive narrative that describes the planning process. All
municipalities were notified of the participation requirements related to the adoption of the plan and the
formation of the Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee (HMPC). Numerous planning meetings were held
to ensure that all information contained in the plan is correct, and that the input provided by participating
agencies, organizations, and the public has been included. Throughout the planning process, the Weld
County HMPC reviewed and analyzed each section of the plan. In preparing the updated Plan,
documentation indicates that the planning team utilized a multi-jurisdictional planning process consistent
with the one recommended by FEMA (Publication Series 386).
Development of the 2009 Northeast Colorado Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan was a collaborative effort
on the part of the Northeast Colorado Emergency Management Association, a consortium of ten
northeast Colorado counties, including Weld County. Originally developed in 2004, the 2009 version of
the plan was the first update of the required 5 year plan update. In 2009, the planning process was led by
two distinct planning teams: The Multi-County Planning Committee (MCPC) – a coordinating planning
team made up of all 10 County Emergency Managers and select state and federal agency representatives,
and 10 local government teams (County Planning Subcommittees) – one for each participating county.
Every local government and adoption-eligible entity in each county was invited to participate.
The following entities participated in the 2009 planning process through their participation in the Weld
County Planning Subcommittee.
Participating Jurisdictions in 2009 Participating Stakeholders in 2009
Weld County
City of Dacono
City of Evans
City of Fort Lupton
City of Greeley
Town of Ault
Town of Firestone
Town of Frederick
Town of Garden City
Town of Gilcrest
Town of Grover
Town of Hudson
Town of Kersey
Town of LaSalle
Town of Mead
Town of Milliken
Town of New Raymer
Town of Nunn
Town of Pierce
Town of Platteville
Town of Severance
Town of Windsor
Weld County RE-4, RE-6, and
RE-8 School Districts
Platte Valley Schools
Platte Valley Fire District
Centennial Critical Incident Stress
Management
AIMS Community College
Union Colony Fire Rescue Authority
(UCFRA) – Greeley
Colorado Division of Emergency
Management
Loup Reservoir Company
BBWI – Fort St. Vrain Generating
Station
South Weld Victim Services
At the start of the 2009 Plan update process, the MCPC developed a plan for public involvement designed
to provide opportunities for the public and stakeholders to comment on the plan at all stages of its
development. Because of the large size and diversity of the Northern Colorado Emergency Management
planning region, the MCPC also relied greatly on the County Planning Subcommittees to inform and gather
input from the public.
The 2009 Northeast Colorado Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan and the current 2013 State of Colorado
Natural Hazards Mitigation Plan were reviewed for incorporation into the 2016 Weld County Multi-
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Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan. Additionally, the following documents were reviewed and
incorporated into the 2016 plan update as appropriate:
2013 Colorado Natural Hazards Mitigation Plan
2009 Weld County Water District Water Conservation Plan
2013 Colorado Drought Mitigation and Response Plan
2014 State of Colorado Action Plan for Disaster Recovery
City of Greeley 2060 Comprehensive Plan
2014 City of Evans Riverside Master Plan
2010 City of Evans Comprehensive Plan
2012 Town of Gilcrest Comprehensive Plan Update
Town of Ault Comprehensive Plan
City of Dacono Comprehensive Plan (2015 update in process)
2013 Firestone Master Plan
Fort Lupton Comprehensive Plan
2007 Town of Hudson Comprehensive Plan
2005 Town of Erie Comprehensive Plan
2005 Keenesburg Comprehensive Plan
2006 Town of Windsor Comprehensive Plan
2012 Town of Eaton Comprehensive Plan
2007/2013 Fort Lupton Comprehensive Plan
Town Frederick Comprehensive Plan (2015 update in process)
2007 Johnstown Comprehensive Plan
Town of Kersey Comprehensive Plan
2009 Town of Mead Comprehensive Plan
Town of Milliken Comprehensive Plan (2015 update in process)
2010 Town of Platteville Comprehensive Plan
The Weld County Planning Element of the 2009 Northeast Colorado Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan
addressed sixteen (16) natural hazards. Each hazard was assessed by previous occurrences, vulnerability,
and exposure to County and municipal assets, and potential loss estimates. In addition, the 2009 Plan
defined those hazards that were considered to have the highest probability of occurrence. The 2016
update to the 2009 Plan was initiated in May 2015. Michael Baker International (located in Lakewood,
Colorado) provided planning support and guidance to Weld County throughout the Plan update process.
The planning process used for the 2016 Plan update was based on Section 322 of the Disaster Mitigation
Act of 2000 and supporting guidance developed by FEMA. The planning process followed the steps
outlined below:
Conduct kickoff meeting with the Weld County Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee (HMPC)
Conduct a 5-year Plan review
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Conduct a Hazard Risk Factor exercise
Establish a Weld County Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee (HMPC) made up of local
stakeholders and subject matter experts
Review and update the local hazard, risk, and vulnerability summary
Determine capability for the county and each municipality
Update the mitigation strategy
Update the Plan maintenance procedures
Complete a draft plan for review by the Weld County HMPC
Advertise opportunity/hold public meeting for comment on final draft
Provide final draft to DHSEM for review
Provide final draft to FEMA for review
Present Plan to municipalities for adoption
Present Plan to Weld County for adoption
Each of the planning steps described above resulted in key products and outcomes that collectively make
up the Multi-Jurisdiction Hazard Mitigation Plan. These work elements are further discussed below for
introductory purposes.
The County and Community Profiles, located in Chapters 4 and Appendix B, describe the general makeup
of Weld County and its municipalities (respectively), including prevalent geographic, demographic, and
economic characteristics. This baseline information provides a snapshot of the countywide planning area
and thereby assists participating officials in recognizing those social, environmental, and economic factors
that ultimately play a role in determining community vulnerability to natural hazards.
The hazard Risk Assessment (RA), found in Chapter 5, focuses on three elements for each identified
hazard: Hazard Identification/Profile, Hazard Analysis and a Vulnerability/Loss Assessment. Together,
these elements serve to identify, analyze, and assess Weld County’s overall risk to natural and human-
caused hazards. The RA builds on available historical data from previous occurrences, establishes hazard-
by-hazard profiles, and culminates in a hazard risk priority or ranking based on conclusions about the
frequency of occurrence, potential impact, spatial extent, warning time, and duration of each hazard.
FEMA’s Hazus loss estimation software was also used in evaluating known flood and earthquake risks
according to their relative long-term cost, measured in expected damages. The RA is designed to assist
communities in seeking the most appropriate mitigation actions to pursue and implement by focusing
their efforts on those hazards of greatest concern and those structures or planning areas facing the
greatest risk(s).
The Community Profiles and RA serve as the basis for establishing goals for this Plan, each contributing to
the development, adoption, and implementation of a meaningful Mitigation Strategy update that is based
on accurate background information and community goals.
The Mitigation Strategy, located in Chapter 6, consists of broad goal statements as well as specific
mitigation actions for each jurisdiction participating in the planning process. The updated strategy
includes detailed Mitigation Action Guides (MAGs) that link jurisdiction-specific mitigation actions to
locally assigned implementation mechanisms. Together, these sections are designed to make the 2016
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Plan more strategic and functional through the identification of both long-term goals and near-term
actions that will guide day-to-day decision-making and project implementation.
In addition to the identification and prioritization of possible mitigation projects, emphasis has been
placed on the use of program and policy alternatives to help make Weld County and participating
municipalities less vulnerable to the damaging forces of nature while improving the economic, social, and
environmental health of the community. The concept of multi-objective planning is emphasized
throughout this Plan, identifying ways to link hazard mitigation policies and programs with complimentary
community goals that may be related to housing, economic development, community revitalization,
recreational opportunities, transportation improvements, environmental quality, land development, and
public health and safety. This Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan should be seen as a
representation of a coordinated effort to make Weld County and participating jurisdictions more livable,
disaster resilient communities.
The Plan Implementation and Maintenance procedures, found in Chapter 7, describe the measures Weld
County and participating jurisdictions will take to ensure the Plan’s continuous long-term implementation.
The procedures also include the manner in which the Plan will be regularly monitored, reported upon,
evaluated, and updated to remain a current and meaningful planning document. Local capabilities are
outlined in this section to highlight strengths and areas of improvement related to personnel, planning
capacity, and ongoing risk-reduction efforts.
3.4 The Planning Team
A well-rounded community-based planning team contributed heavily to the development of this Plan.
Weld County engaged local government officials, public stakeholders, and county residents in local
meetings and planning workshops to discuss and complete tasks associated with preparing the Plan. The
Weld County HMPC consisted of members of participating local governments and districts, as well as
public stakeholders, special interest groups, and county staff. Members of the HMPC participated in the
risk assessment, mitigation strategy development, plan review, public outreach, and plan maintenance
strategy.
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Figure 1. Weld County Jurisdictions Participating in the 2016 HMP Planning Process
The jurisdictions listed in the following table represent participating members of the Weld County HMPC.
Representatives from each of the following communities were responsible for participating in the
updating of this Plan.
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Table 1. Adopting Communities – Weld County 2016 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Jurisdiction Signed Participation Letter Planning Meeting #1 5/19/2015 Planning Meeting #1 5/21/2015 Community Survey #1 Community Survey #2 Planning Meeting #2 8/26/2015 Community Survey #3 Planning Meeting #3 10/7/2015 Planning Meeting #3 10/8/2015 Weld County X X X X X X X X
Town of Ault X X X X X
City of Brighton X X X X X X
City of Dacono X X X X X X
Town of Erie X X X X X X
City of Evans X X X X X X X
Town of Firestone X X X X X X X
City of Fort Lupton X X X X X
Town of Frederick X X X X X X X
Town of Garden City X X X X X
Town of Gilcrest X X X X X
City of Greeley X X X X X X
Town of Hudson X X X X X X X
Town of Keenesburg X X X X X X
Town of Kersey X X X X X
Town of LaSalle X X X X X X
Town of Mead X X X X X X X
Town of Milliken X X X X X X X
Town of Pierce X X X X X
Town of Platteville X X X X X
Town of Severance X X X X
Town of Windsor X X X X X X X
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After the initial HMPC kick-off meeting the committee was assembled regularly for meetings and plan
development throughout all phases of the planning process. The HMPC reviewed drafts of the 2009 Plan,
identified new information that needed to be included in the 2016 Plan update and incorporated it as
required by state and federal guidelines. The HMPC was also tasked with collecting all accurate data from
plan participants and provided outreach to the public and business stakeholders to ensure that everyone’s
information was included in this Plan.
3.5 Planning Meetings and Documentation
The preparation of the Plan update required a series of meetings and workshops intended to facilitate
discussion and initiate data collection efforts with local community officials. More importantly, the
meetings and workshops prompted continuous input and feedback from local officials, public
stakeholders, staff, and subject matter experts throughout the update process.
Below is a summary of the key meetings and workshops conducted throughout the development of the
2016 Weld County Multi-Jurisdiction Hazard Mitigation Plan. Sign-in sheets and meeting minutes are
provided in Appendix A.
HMPC PLANNING KICK-OFF MEETINGS
The initial kick-off meetings for the Weld County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan were held on
May 19th & 21st, 2015. These meetings were organized specifically for the County's HMPC. The first
meeting was held at the Weld County Office of Emergency Management. The second was held at the Weld
County Southwest Services Building.
Official representatives from all jurisdictions participating in the Hazard Mitigation Plan and
representatives from stakeholder groups were invited to the kickoff meetings. The intent of the meetings
was to introduce the mitigation planning update project to the HMPC and to the community at large. The
following agenda items were discussed at both of the kick-off meetings:
Welcome and Introductions
Hazard Mitigation Planning Overview
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Jurisdictional Participation Requirements
Planning Process / Project Schedule
Hazards to Profile
5-Year Plan Review Exercise
Mitigation Action Exercise and Review of Current Mitigation Goals and Objectives
The kick-off meetings provided the project team with an opportunity to explain the DMA 2000 planning
requirements, to explain jurisdictional participation expectations, and to present a project timeline to the
planning committee. The meeting also initiated preliminary data collection efforts for the Risk Assessment
as well as for Mitigation Strategy development.
The kickoff meeting began with introductions and a presentation on the mitigation planning process
facilitated by the county’s contractor for this Plan development project, Michael Baker International
(MBI). The meeting agenda included a review of jurisdictional participation requirements as well as the
planning process and schedule. Specific data collection needs were thoroughly explained, including the
need for accurate GIS data as well as any unique local hazard risk data available for specific areas of
concern.
During their presentation, the MBI Team led a brief review of the 2009 plan and conducted a 5-Year Plan
Review exercise to reach consensus on which hazards would be profiled in the 2016 plan. Participating
jurisdictions were encouraged to review the previous plan and provide input via an online Plan Review
Survey.
At the end of the meeting, participants were given three action items to complete:
1. Participating jurisdictions to submit Participation Letter (if not already done).
2. Participating jurisdictions to review the existing Plan’s mitigation strategy and prepare to provide
any comments and changes at the next planning team meeting.
3. Participating jurisdictions to review the existing Plan’s mitigation actions (projects) specific to that
jurisdiction and prepare to provide status reports during the next planning team meeting.
HMPC PLANNING MEETING #2
The second planning team meeting was held on August 26th, 2015 from 3:00 – 5:00PM at the Weld County
Emergency Operations Center in Greeley. Official representatives from all jurisdictions and districts
participating in the Hazard Mitigation Plan and representatives from other organizations and stakeholder
groups were invited to participate. The intent of the meeting was to review the results of the HMPC
surveys, to increase HMPC familiarity with the Risk Assessment results and how to use the interactive
webmap, to define the goals and objectives of the County Mitigation Strategy, and to collect status
updates on mitigation actions included in the 2009 Plan from participating communities. The following
agenda items were discussed at the second planning meeting:
Welcome and Introductions
Review of Jurisdictional Participation Requirements
Review of 5-Year Plan Review & Risk Factor survey results
Review of on-going public survey results
Presentation of Risk Assessment Results & Webmap
Define the updated Mitigation Strategy’s Goals & Objectives
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Review status updates for 2009 Mitigation Actions
Planning Process / Project Schedule
Jurisdictional meetings/outreach tracking
Bi-county jurisdiction clarification
The second planning meeting provided the project team with an opportunity to reiterate the participation
requirements and to present the results of the Risk Assessment to members of the HMPC. The HMPC was
encouraged to leverage the interactive GIS maps on the project website as they worked to identify
priorities and mitigation actions for the 2016 Mitigation Strategy.
During their presentation, the MBI Team introduced the jurisdiction-specific Mitigation Action Guides
(MAGs) that were developed as a planning tool for the multi-jurisdictional project. Each jurisdiction was
assigned a number of MAGs, which are designed to help keep track of how mitigation projects are
progressing.
At the end of the meeting, participants were given three action items to complete:
1. Participating jurisdictions to submit Participation Letter (if not already done).
2. Participating jurisdictions to review the 2009 Plan’s mitigation actions/projects and provide
progress updates.
3. Participating jurisdictions to begin updating old and drafting new Mitigation Action Guides for
2016 Plan.
HMPC PLANNING MEETING #3
The third set of planning team meetings was held on the evenings of October 7th and 8th at the Weld
County EOC and the Fort Lupton Fire Training Center, respectively. Official representatives from all
jurisdictions and districts participating in the Hazard Mitigation Plan and representatives from other
organizations and stakeholder groups were invited to participate. Organized as a working session, the
intent of the meeting was to discuss and finalize plan maintenance and implementation strategies for
both the County and its participating jurisdictions, to finalize local Mitigation Action Guides (MAGs), and
to prioritize mitigation actions at the community level. The following agenda items were discussed at the
third planning meeting:
Welcome and Introductions
Review and Confirmation of Formal Adoptees
Planning Process/Project Schedule
HMPC Survey #3 Results – Discussion of Plan Maintenance and Implementation
Mitigation Action Guide (MAG) Working Session
o 2004 and 2009 Action Reporting
o 2016 Action Finalization
o CRS Review and Discussion
o Existing Community Plan Review
Mitigation Action Prioritization Exercise
The third round of planning meetings gave participating communities the opportunity to work directly
with the project team and local subject matter experts to refine their identified mitigation projects. The
workshop setting proved incredibly helpful for vetting ideas, sharing resources, and establishing best
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
practices for project implementation and maintenance. Members of the HMPC revisited the interactive
GIS maps on the project website as they worked to refine their MAGs and identify additional mitigation
actions for the 2016 Mitigation Strategy.
During the third planning meeting members of the HMPC worked with staff from Weld County OEM and
Michael Baker International to prioritize each of their identified mitigation actions. Using the STAPLEE
method recommended by FEMA in the State and Local Mitigation Planning How-To Guide, each
community weighed the pros and cons of their different mitigation actions based on social, technical,
administrative, political, legal, economic, and environmental considerations. The objective was for each
jurisdiction to systematically prioritize their mitigation projects in a way that led to an overall Mitigation
Strategy that was realistic, cost effective, and attainable.
At the end of the meeting, participants were given four action items to complete:
1. Participating jurisdictions to submit Participation Letter (if not already done).
2. Participating jurisdictions to deliver final 2004 and 2009 MAG updates for incorporation into the
2016 Hazard Mitigation Plan
3. Participating jurisdictions to deliver final 2016 MAGs for incorporation into the 2016 Hazard
Mitigation Plan
4. Review Draft 2016 Plan online, advertise draft review process to local residents and public, and
submit comments on Draft Plan.
The Weld County Office of Emergency Management actively pursued participation from all jurisdictions
within Weld County in the hazard mitigation planning process. Starting in July 2015, Weld OEM
encouraged participation by sending out email reminders. They later followed up by phone call. OEM also
offered to meet with jurisdictions, and did so with Hudson, Nunn, Severance, Mead, Fort Lupton, Frederick
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
and Dacono. In addition, numerous phone conferences and email exchanges were held to assist
jurisdictions in completing their MAG updates and new MAGs during this process, including Fort Lupton,
Brighton, Firestone, Greeley, Severance, Gilcrest, Erie, Windsor, Garden City, Pierce, Platteville and
Keenesburg. Developing ongoing relationships and collaboration on hazard mitigation planning remains
a high priority for Weld County.
3.6 Public and Stakeholder Participation
An important component of the success of Weld County’s mitigation planning process involved ongoing
public, stakeholder, and jurisdiction participation. Individual citizen involvement provided the HMPC with
a greater understanding of local concerns and ensures a higher degree of mitigation success by developing
community “buy-in” from those directly affected by the planning decisions of public officials.
A broad range of public and private stakeholders, including agencies, local businesses, nonprofits, and
other interested parties were invited to participate in the development of the 2016 Plan. Stakeholder
involvement was encouraged through Weld County’s invitations to agencies and individuals to actively
participate in local planning meetings and to interact with the planning materials and surveys posted on
the project website. Below are examples of a few of the planning announcements and public meeting
invitations created and distributed by members of the HMPC.
Multiple media platforms were used in order to reach and engage the maximum number of local and
regional stakeholders. Communication pathways included printed newspapers and neighborhood
Figure 2. Weld County Social Media
Announcements
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
newsletters, social media outlets including Twitter and Facebook, and County and local jurisdiction
websites and email lists.
Additionally, a website was created to provide information to public stakeholders and to obtain feedback
on the 2016 Weld County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan Update.1 In addition to providing
hazard mitigation information, announcements and calendar information, the draft Plan was posted on
the website for public review and comment. Community members were encouraged to share their input,
photos and experiences for use during the hazard mitigation planning process. The screen shot below
provides a visual of the project website.
The website included two public surveys designed to gather information about public hazard risk
perceptions and visions for community resilience:
1 The project website was discontinued upon completion of the Plan update.
Figure 3. Project Website Homepage
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
1. Survey #1 – Public Hazard Risk Perceptions: The purpose of this survey was to engage citizens in
order to better understand risk perceptions among members of the Weld County community and
to identify the best ways to communicate with public stakeholders moving forward.
2. Survey #2 – Visions for a Resilient Weld County: The purpose of this survey was to gather
preliminary information from community members and stakeholders about the current capacities
and resiliency conditions of their community as well as a long-range vision for a resilient Weld
County. The survey included an introductory definition of resilience (developed with the help of
the HMPC) and gathered input about ways to improve community capacity and capabilities.
The surveys were utilized throughout the planning process to engage with and educate local residents.
Information and comments from the surveys were shared with members of the HMPC and used to guide
the planning process. Links to the surveys were posted on the website and updates were communicated
through the Weld County Facebook page. Participating jurisdictions also posted links to the public surveys
on their local websites and social media links to gather input from interested stakeholders. At the time of
the third and final HMPC team meeting a total of 112 Weld County residents had submitted responses for
the “Visions for a Resilient Weld County” survey. Ninety nine residents submitted responses for the
“Public Risk Perceptions” survey. The HMPC and project team were excited about the response rate for
both surveys, which greatly exceeded previous survey participation for similar planning efforts. The results
of the Visions for a Resilient Weld County survey will be used for ongoing planning projects related to
hazard risk reduction and community resiliency. This includes the County’s proposed “Resiliency Study”
which was scoped during the 2016 HMP planning process and has been included in this Plan as a 2016
Mitigation Action.
The image above shows a summary of project website traffic throughout the duration of the hazard
mitigation planning effort. Close to 2,500 user sessions were logged who visited the project website.
Involvement peaked in June and July of 2015 when members of the HMPC began to encourage resident
and local stakeholder participation through the surveys and interactive risk assessment maps.
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Below, the chart shows the age distribution of website users during the planning process. The majority of
visitors were between the ages of 25 and 34. Younger visitors were also more common. Not surprisingly,
visitors over the age of 55 were rare. It was noted for future planning processes, that additional effort will
be taken on the part of the HMPC to engage older residents through more traditional public engagement
methods, for example: open houses, town hall meetings, brown-bag lecture lunches at local gathering
places, and radio / TV advertisements.
Tied to this lesson learned, a final outreach effort relating to this hazard mitigation planning process will
occur in January of 2016. The HMPC will coordinate to identify an existing public event where an
informative booth will be set up to review the Plan with community members and to discuss the hazards
identified and the county and jurisdiction’s mitigation strategy and actions for the next five years. This
community outreach will be focused on the county’s rural communities that may not have participated
with the project website or social media messaging.
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
In addition to the project website, the Michael Baker International Team used the data from the results
of the risk assessment to create a series of interactive online maps. Available to the public on the internet,
the maps served as a tool for analyzing hazards and patterns of risk at various scales within the county. In
addition to helping members of the HMPC visualize and assess their risks to various hazards, the online
maps were also designed as an outreach tool and were used to communicate risk to the public and to
ground-truth quantitative risk assessment results at local public meetings throughout the planning
process. The figure below provides a screen shot of the online mapping tool. Available layers related to
hazard risks and vulnerability are visible on the left hand side of the screen.
Finally, participating members of the Weld County HMPC were encouraged to initiate and sustain their
own public outreach program throughout the planning process. These local representatives serve as a
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
vital link between the county and its businesses and residents and the conversations they held outside of
the formal hazard mitigation planning meetings helped to ensure a successful planning process.
Throughout the planning process, members of the HMPC leveraged any opportunities that they had to
inform the public about the hazard mitigation planning project. Not only did their efforts help to inform
citizens about the planning process it contributed to the ultimate goal of creating a more disaster resilient
Weld County. A few participating communities documented their public interactions in order to keep track
of strategies that worked and to facilitate improved outreach efforts during the next plan update. This
information is included in Appendix D.
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Figure 4. Weld County Hazard Mitigation Plan – Web-Based Risk Assessment Results
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
3.7 Multi-Jurisdictional Planning and Participation
The 2016 Weld County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan is a multi-jurisdictional plan. To satisfy
multi-jurisdictional participation requirements, each of the local jurisdictions listed in the participation
table below committed to the planning process. Each jurisdiction wishing to join the planning partnership
acknowledged their understanding of the following expectations:
Each jurisdiction/partner will support and participate in the meetings of the Steering Committee
overseeing the development of the update. Support includes allowing this body to make decisions
regarding plan development and scope on behalf of the partnership.
Each jurisdiction/partner will provide support as needed for the public involvement strategy
developed by the Steering Committee in the form of mailing lists, possible meeting space, and
media outreach such as newsletters, newspapers or direct-mailed brochures.
Each partner will participate in plan update development activities such as:
o Steering Committee meetings
o Public meetings or open houses
o Workshops and planning partner training sessions
o Public review and comment periods prior to adoption.
Each partner will be expected to review the risk assessment and identify hazards and
vulnerabilities specific to its jurisdiction. Contract resources will provide jurisdiction-specific
mapping and technical consultation to aid in this task, but the determination of risk and
vulnerability ranking will be up to each partner.
Each partner will be expected to share information about mitigation activity/progress and capital
improvement projects in their jurisdictions since the adoption of the 2009 plan.
Each partner will identify at least one mitigation action for each of the hazards identified for their
community. Local agencies/individuals responsible for implementing and tracking these
mitigation actions will also be identified by participating jurisdictions and included in the plan.
Each partner will be expected to review the mitigation recommendations chosen for the overall
county and evaluate whether they will meet the needs of its jurisdiction. Projects within each
jurisdiction consistent with the overall plan recommendations will need to be identified,
prioritized, and reviewed to identify their benefits and costs.
Each partner will be required to sponsor at least one public meeting to present the draft plan at
least 2 weeks prior to adoption.
Each partner will be required to formally adopt the plan.
Each partner agrees to the plan implementation and maintenance protocol.
Attendance was tracked at all planning activities and attendance records are included in the Appendix of
this plan. All participating communities attended and actively participated in all meetings. Participating
jurisdictions acknowledged that their failure to meet these criteria may result in being dropped from the
partnership by the County, and thus losing eligibility under the scope of this plan.
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Table 2. 2009 and 2016 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan Participation
JURISDICTION
PARTICIPATED IN 2009
NORTHEAST CO
REGIONAL HMP
PARTICIPATED IN
2016 WELD
COUNTY HMP
SIGNED
PARTICIPATION
LETTER
2016 ADOPTION DATE
Weld County 12/16/2015
Town of Ault [INSERT DATE]
City of Brighton 02/16/2016
City of Dacono [INSERT DATE]
Town of Erie [INSERT DATE]
City of Evans 02/02/2016
Town of Firestone [INSERT DATE]
City of Fort Lupton [INSERT DATE]
Town of Frederick 01/27/2016
Town of Garden
City [INSERT DATE]
Town of Gilcrest [INSERT DATE]
City of Greeley 01/05/2016
Town of Hudson [INSERT DATE]
Town of
Keenesburg [INSERT DATE]
Town of Kersey [INSERT DATE]
Town of LaSalle [INSERT DATE]
Town of Mead [INSERT DATE]
Town of Milliken 01/27/2016
Town of Pierce [INSERT DATE]
Town of Platteville [INSERT DATE]
Town of Severance [INSERT DATE]
Town of Windsor [INSERT DATE]
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
3.8 Existing Planning Mechanisms
There are numerous existing regulatory and planning mechanisms in place at the state and county levels
of government which support hazard mitigation planning efforts. These tools include the State of Colorado
Hazard Mitigation Plan, county subdivision regulations and road and bridge standards, the Weld County
Comprehensive Plan, and local zoning regulations. These mechanisms were discussed at mitigation
planning meetings and the Weld County HMPC reviewed all available technical information and had
incorporated them into this Plan update. Moving forward, the local jurisdictions included in the 2016 Weld
County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan will continue to integrate the goals and actions of the
Plan into their evolving local planning mechanisms, including comprehensive plans, capital improvement
plans, and resource and land use regulations.
The State of Colorado mitigates natural hazards by way of diverse statutes and programs. Funded by the
state and federal government, several agencies and programs within the state implement mitigation
actions through assistance to local governments. State statutes that are applicable to hazard mitigation
are listed below:
County Fire Planning Authority, Colorado Statute, Title 30, Article 11, Part 1:30-11-124
Colorado Revised Statute, 24-65-101 & 102
Colorado Revised Statutes, 25-65-105 & 24-65-104
County Building Codes – Master Plan, Colorado Statute, Title 30, Article 28, Part 1:30-28-106
Local Government Land Use Control Enabling Act, Colorado Revised Statute, 29-20-101, et seq
Local Land Use Control and Regulation, Colorado Revised Statute, 29-20-104
Colorado Wildfire Preparedness Plan and Fund, Colorado Revised Statute 24-30-310(2)(3)
Fire Suppression Program Rules, Colorado Revised Statute, 24-33.5-1205(1) (a)
State Fire Ban Authority, Colorado Revised Statute, 24-30-308
Colorado Geological Survey (CGS), Colorado Statute, 34-1-1-1 & 103
CGS Land Use Review Program (Subdivision Law), Colorado Revised Statute, 30-28-101, et seq
Soils & Hazard Analyses of Residential Construction Act, Colorado Revised Statute, 6-6.5-101
Drought Mitigation Planning, Colorado Revised Statute, 37-60-126.5
Building Codes – Zoning – Planning, Colorado Revised Statute, 22-32-124(1)
Colorado Floodplain Management Authority, Colorado Revised Statute, 24-65.1-403(1)
Emergency Dam Repair Cash Fund, Colorado Revised Statute, 37-60-122.5
Flood Response Fund, Colorado Revised Statute, 37-60-123.2
Office of Smart Growth, Colorado Revised Statute, 24-32-3201 et seq
State Engineer – High Hazard Dams Reports, Colorado Revised Statute, 37-87-123
State Planning and Interest, Colorado Revised Statute, 24-65.1-203
Colorado Statute includes a number of measures that dictate the state’s ability to influence land use
decisions and subsequently impact local vulnerability to hazards. In most cases, these statutes allow
county level and local governments to establish their own rules and regulations.
Weld County’s risk and vulnerability reduction efforts are supported by additional planning efforts,
including the following:
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
The Weld County Comprehensive Plan (2015)
Colorado Emergency Resource Mobilization Plan (2012)
State of Colorado Emergency Operations Plan (2013)
State of Colorado EOP Emergency Support Function Annexes (2013):
o ESF# 1 Transportation
o ESF # 2 Communications
o ESF # 3 Public Works and Engineering
o ESF # 4 Firefighting
o ESF # 5 Emergency Management
o ESF # 6 Mass Care, Housing, and Human Services
o ESF # 7 Resource Support
o ESF # 8 Public Health and Medical Services
o ESF # 8 A Behavioral Health
o ESF # 9 Search and Rescue
o ESF # 10 Oil and Hazardous Materials Response
o ESF # 11 Agriculture and Natural Resources
o ESF # 12 Energy
o ESF # 13 Public Safety and Security
o ESF # 14 Long-Term Community Recovery and Mitigation
o ESF # 15 External Affairs
State of Colorado EOP Supporting Annexes (2013):
o Evacuation
o Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
o International Coordination
o Public Affairs
o Tribal Relations
o Volunteer and Donations Management
State of Colorado EOP Incident Annexes (2013):
o Drought Incident
o Tornado Incident
o Mass Casualty Incident
o Earthquake Incident
o Landslide and Debris Flow Incident
o Flood Incident
o Winter Incident
o Terrorism, Law Enforcement, and Investigation Incident
o Cyber Incident
o Biological Incident
o Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program Incident
Weld County Charter and the Weld County Code
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Weld County is a participant in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). Since it entered the program,
the County has adopted the minimum NFIP requirements and imposed additional requirements into its
Charter and County Code and Ordinances. These additional requirements, outlined in the Weld County
Storm Drainage Criteria Manual, were adopted for consistency with the rules and procedures of the Urban
Drainage and Flood Control District (UDFCD) Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual to provide a higher
level of floodplain management than required by FEMA.
In the future, this plan will serve as a source document and will be incorporated into existing planning
mechanisms as they are updated or developed. These planning mechanisms enhance the county’s
mitigation strategy and are therefore incorporated into several of the mitigation actions identified in this
Plan. For example, floodplain ordinances in Weld County serve to guide development away from
hazardous areas while local stormwater management plans reduce the effects of erosion due to increased
runoff.
During the planning process, the planning team worked with local jurisdictions to identify ways in which
identified mitigation actions/projects will be incorporated into their existing planning and regulatory
mechanisms over time. The results of these conversations and planning activities are described in each
Community Profile.
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
4 County Profile
Weld County is located in the Northern Front Range of central Colorado. The County spans an area from
northern Metro Denver to the Wyoming state line. Slightly less than four thousand square miles in size,
the county seat is located in the City of Greeley, and thirty-one incorporated municipalities lie within the
County’s borders. Weld County is the third largest county in the State in terms of land area and is larger
than the size of Rhode Island, Delaware, and the District of Columbia combined.
Figure 5. Map of Weld County
Relatively flat in terms of terrain and topography, the northeastern portions of Weld County does contain
the Pawnee National Grassland and the Pawnee Buttes, two prominent rock formations that stand out
against the plains. Two interstate highways run through the County: I-25 (US 87) runs through the
southwestern and northwestern corner and I-76 from the south central edge northeastward to the
Morgan County border. Other major transportation routes include US 85 and US 34, which intersect near
Greeley, and State Highway 14, which runs through Ault. Many of Weld County’s incorporated cities and
towns are located along these highway corridors although the county consists of a number of gravel roads
that serve to connect communities to amenities.
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Figure 6. Weld County Transportation Routes
The Platte and Cache la Poudre Rivers – two significant waterways in the County – are two of the most
important sources of water in the large, semi-arid region. The agricultural portions of western Weld
County are fed by a system of irrigation canals and are a stark contrast to the dry landscape to the east.
Similarly, a broader mixture of land uses and greater concentrations of the population are located in the
western third of the county, while the eastern areas remain largely open, less populated, and more
uniform in terms of land use.
Weld County is one of the top ten economically producing agricultural counties in the United States. Due
to the dry climate, mild winters, and warm summers, the County leads the state in the production of
grains, beef cattle, and sugar beets. Seventy five percent of Weld County’s 2.5 million acres is devoted to
agriculture. Weld County farmers are also the state’s leading producers of potatoes, poultry, eggs, milk,
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
dry beans, and other dairy products. There are over 3,000 farms in Weld County and the County’s
agricultural products create over $1 billion of market value each year.
Weld County is actively working to preserve its agricultural roots. In fact, the County’s existing land use
code has a specific “Right to Farm” statement. The County’s policies support a high-quality rural character
which:
“[...] respects the agricultural heritage and traditional agricultural land uses of the
County as agricultural lands are converted to other uses (excluding urban
development). Rural character in the County includes those uses which provide rural
lifestyles, rural-based economies and opportunities to both live and work in rural areas.
The natural landscape and vegetation predominate over the built environment.” –
Weld County Comprehensive Plan
The energy industry is another important driver of Weld County’s economy. Due to its location above the
Wattenberg Field, oil and gas extraction has been occurring for decades in Weld County. Currently, Weld
County has more oil and gas wells than any other county in the state.
The sheer size of the County’s land area presents challenges related to the availability of resources. For
example, based on information recorded in the county’s Comprehensive Plan, law enforcement activity
in Weld County is primarily based on responses to complaints rather than on patrols. Moreover, the
distances which must be traveled sometimes delay emergency responses including law enforcement,
ambulance, and fire. Snow removal priorities mean that roads from subdivisions to arterials may not be
cleared for several days after a major snowstorm. Ultimately, rural residents must be more self-sufficient
than urban residents by necessity. Moreover, rural residents are exposed to different hazards (and have
different vulnerabilities) than urban or suburban residents. It is critical to keep these nuances in mind
while developing and implementing a local hazard mitigation program.
4.1 Demographics
Weld County is a relatively young county, with a median population age of 34. Between 2000 and 2013
the population of the county grew by 49%. The current population of over a quarter million residents is
expected to double to almost half a million by the year 2030.
Weld County is the ninth most populated county in Colorado. However, rapid growth in the last few years
has established the county as one of the 100-fastest growing counties in the nation, according to the US
Census. Planners anticipate that much of the coming growth will occur in southwest Weld County, along
I-25 and along the southern stretch of US 85.
Table 3. Population Forecasts for Weld County, 2000 - 2040
Area 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040
Colorado 4,338,801 5,049,717 5,924,692 6,519,379 7,752,887
Weld County 183,076 254,230 329,759 446,517 568,954
Source: State Demography Office, Colorado (2014)
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
The majority of employment and income in Weld County are generated from the following key economic
sectors:
• Manufacturing
• Agriculture
• Energy Production
• Health and Wellness
• Business Service
In August 2013, the unemployment rate in Weld County was 7.1%, slightly higher than the State
unemployment rate of 6.8% (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics). Weld County is adjacent to Adams County,
Morgan County, Logan County, Boulder County, Larimer County, the City and County of Broomfield,
Laramie County, WY, and Kimball County, NE. Major state highways cross the county from east to west (I-
76, US Highway 34, and State Highway 14). Major north/south transportation corridors include I-25 and
US Highway 85. Many Weld County residents commute across county boundaries for work. This creates
important emergency management considerations both pre- and post-disaster. The top five commuting
destinations by workers living in Weld County are as follows (DRCOG Weld County Community Profile):
1. Larimer County
2. Boulder County
3. Denver County
4. Adams County
5. Arapahoe County
The table below provides an economic and demographic snapshot of Weld County.
Table 4. 2014-2015 Economic and Demographic Snapshot
Weld County
Population 269,785
Median Age 34
Urban Population (2010 Census) 201,097
Rural Population (2010 Census) 51,728
Percent Rural (2010 Census) 20%
Median Household Income $54,578
Unemployment Rate 7.1%
Percent of Population > Age 25 with Bachelor’s Degree or
Higher 25.8%
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Weld County
Percent of Population with High School Diploma Only 83.7%
Source: 2014-2015 Economic & Demographic Profile, Weld County, CO. Stats America, EMSI, BLS.
4.2 Social Vulnerability
Local vulnerability to disasters depends on more than simply the relationship between a place and its
exposure to a hazard. Social and economic factors – like race, age, income, renter status, or
institutionalized living – directly affect a community’s ability to prepare for, respond to, and recover from
hazards and disasters. The concept of social vulnerability helps explain why communities often
experience a hazard differently, even when they experience the same amount of physical impacts.
Social vulnerability to disasters refers to “the characteristics and situation of a person or group that
influence their capacity to anticipate, cope with, resist, or recover from the impact of a hazard” (Wisner
et al. 2004)2 and it is determined by a number of pre-existing social and economic characteristics. Very
often, the impacts of hazards fall disproportionately on the most disadvantaged or marginalized people
in a community, including the poor, children, the elderly, disabled, and racial/ethnic minorities. During
emergencies, for example, self-evacuation can be nearly impossible for disabled or institutionalized
individuals. Additionally, the willingness of an individual/family to invest their limited resources into
residential mitigation actions is often limited if their home is a rental property or if they have never
experienced a disaster in the past. Not only do conditions like these limit the ability of vulnerable groups
to get out of harm’s way, they also decrease the ability of communities to recover from and thrive in the
aftermath of a disaster event. Reducing local social vulnerability is vital to community resilience.
The 2016 Plan integrates social vulnerability into its hazard risk analysis in order to more effectively
identify hazard risk experienced by the most vulnerable residents and communities within the county.
The Weld County social vulnerability assessment is designed to improve local decision making, hazard
prioritization, and emergency management activities. By incorporating social vulnerability into the risk
assessments of individual hazards, local communities are able to identify more vulnerable areas and tailor
their mitigation actions to accommodate all members of their community, including the most sensitive
groups.
The pre-existing social conditions that contribute to disaster losses can be identified by using social
vulnerability indicators. Using methods and indicators identified in the Social Vulnerability Index (SoVI)
developed by Cutter et al (2003),3 a Weld County social vulnerability analysis was carried out at the census
2 Wisner, B., Blaikie, P., Cannon, T., Davis, I. (2004). At Risk: Natural Hazards, People’s Vulnerability and Disasters.
London: Routledge.
3 Cutter, S.L., Boruff, B.J., and Shirley, W.L. (2003). Social Vulnerability to Environmental Hazards. Social Science
Quarterly, 84:242-261.
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
tract level. Local socioeconomic and demographic data were used to identify spatial patterns in social
vulnerability across the county and have been applied to the hazards in the 2016 Weld County Multi-
Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan.
The table below outlines the five social vulnerability factors and their associated indicators that were used
in the Weld County social vulnerability analysis. Indicators with plus signs (+) are positively related to
social vulnerability levels. For example, communities with higher percentages of people 65 years or older
have higher levels of social vulnerability to hazards. Indicators with minus signs (-) are negatively related
to social vulnerability levels. Communities with higher per-capita income and higher home values have
lower levels of social vulnerability to hazards.
Table 5. Social Vulnerability Indicators
Social Vulnerability Factors Indicators
Age/Elderly
Children (Age 18 and under) (+)
Elderly (Age 65 and over) (+)
Social Security Recipients, % Population (+)
Renter Occupied, % HH (+)
Median Age
Special Needs
Group Quarters, % Population (+)
Mobile Homes, % OCHH (+)
5 years old, % Population (+)
Age 18 and under (+)
Ethnicity
Hispanic, % Population (+)
Native American, % Population (+)
Other Races, % Population (+)
Pacific Islander, % Population (+)
Linguistically Isolated, % Population (+)
Race, Class, Poverty
African American Population, % Population(+)
Female Headed Households, % HH (+)
No Vehicles, % HH (+)
No High School Diploma, % Over 25 yrs old (+)
Poverty, % Population
Unemployment Rate (+)
Wealth
Asian, % Population (-)
Household earnings greater than $200K, % HH (-)
Housing Density (+)
Per-Capita Income (-)
Population Density (+)
White, % Population
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006-2010 American Community Survey and the 2010 Census
For the purpose of the Weld County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan, each social vulnerability
factor was weighted equally in the Social Vulnerability Index. The results of the social vulnerability
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
assessment are displayed on the map below. On the map, social vulnerability is represented at the census
tract level by 5 classes of vulnerability: Low (bottom 20% of the county), Medium-Low, Medium, Medium-
High, and High (top 20% of the county). The following social vulnerability map shows relative levels of
social vulnerability across the county. It is important to note that although many areas within the county
have medium-low to low levels of social vulnerability, it does not mean that there are no socially
vulnerable people living in those areas.
On its own, the social vulnerability map can inform communities about disparate social conditions across
the county. When combined with physical hazard analyses, the map illustrates where human hardships
may occur in a disaster situation. These hardships may result in citizens that are less likely to prepare,
respond, withstand, or recover from a hazard event due to their elevated levels of social vulnerability.
This information is valuable for both mitigation and disaster response activity.
During the risk assessment and mitigation strategy development phases of the 2016 planning process,
participating jurisdictions reviewed the results of the social vulnerability analysis in conjunction with the
multi-hazard risk assessment results. The social vulnerability information helped communities uncover
unseen risks and better prioritize their local mitigation actions.
Social vulnerability analysis is particularly useful in the context of hazard mitigation planning because it
can reveal disparities within a community that make a difference when it comes to the ability of residents
to mitigate, prepare, evacuate, mobilize resources, and recover from disasters. Areas on the map that
have medium to high social vulnerability represent areas where age, poverty, race/ethnicity, or special
needs factors may make it more difficult for people to prepare, respond, and recover from hazard events.
Social vulnerability information can also be used to help communities design effective and appropriate
local risk communication and hazard mitigation outreach activities.
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Figure 7. Weld County Social Vulnerability Assessment
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
4.3 Housing Stock
Below, the County and Regional Housing Snapshot highlights the variations and similarities between
Weld County and the State. Weld County’s low vacancy rate means that as population growth
continues to surge, rents are likely to increase, putting pressure on the labor force and potentially
leading to more commuters into the county.
Table 6. County and State Housing Snapshot
Weld County Colorado
Total Housing Units 99,317 2,254,905
Average Household Size 2.77 2.49
Group Quarter Population 5,868 116,961
Vacancy Rate 5.9% 8.4%
Source: Colorado Department of Local Affairs (DOLA), 2013 Estimates
“Housing Cost-Burdened Households” are defined as any household that spends more than 30% of its
income on housing. Two in ten of all households in Weld County are defined as “Housing Cost-Burdened
Households” earning <$50,000 a year, amounting to 23,066 households.4 The number of households that
are housing cost-burdened has impacts on a community in many ways. For the household, the lower the
income level, the higher the pressure to forgo basic needs such as food, health care, services, as well as
personal disaster preparedness and hazard mitigation activity.
4 Source: Analyst calculation from 2013 ACS and 2012/2013 Consumer Expenditure Survey data; Piton Foundation
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Figure 8. Weld County Household Composition5
COMMUNITY VALUES, HISTORIC AND SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
Historic resources include landmarks buildings, historic structures and sites, commercial and residential
districts, historic rural resources, archaeological and cultural sites, and the historic environment in which
they exist. Historic resources serve as visual reminders of a community’s past, providing a link to its
development. Preservation of these important resources makes it possible for them to continue to play
an integral, vital role in the community. Currently, Weld County has forty properties listed on the National
Register of Historic Places and nine Historic Districts which are primarily located in cities and towns.
Depending on the number of historic resources within a community, it can be unrealistic to assume that
all of the necessary mitigation activities can be taken to protect these resources. Historic preservation and
protection work must be done in a manner that retains the character-defining features of a historic
property. Because this work can be costly, it is important to set priorities in terms of which resources and
mitigation projects should become the point of focus. Weld County realizes that the preservation and
maintenance of historic sites and structures contributes to the cultural heritage of the county and is in
the long-term best interest of the community.
5 Source: Colorado State Demography Office; Piton Foundation
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Families Single 18 and Younger Over 65
Weld County Household Composition
Household Composition
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
4.4 Critical Facilities
For the purpose of the Weld County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan, ‘critical facilities’ are
defined as local assets vital to the health, safety, and well-being of residents and visitors during time of
natural disaster. Critical facilities are essential to a community’s long-term disaster resilience as they are
important delivery pathways for diverse crisis management services and resources.
Members of the Weld County HMPC worked collaboratively to define a critical facility inventory for the
2016 Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan. Critical facilities profiled in this plan include facilities of the following
types:
Administration Buildings
Auditoriums
Churches
Community Recreation Centers
Convention Centers
Convalescent Hospital Nursing Homes
Day Care Centers
Distribution Warehouses
Fire Stations
Government Buildings
Group Care Homes
High Schools
Jails
Mega Warehouse Stores
Elderly Assisted Living Facilities
Schools
Utility Buildings
Warehouse Discount Store
The map shown in the Figure below presents these community-identified critical facilities included in the
risk and vulnerability assessment of this plan.
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Figure 9. Weld County Critical Facilities
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
The following table provides a count of how many critical facilities, structures, and parcels are located in
Weld County. The table also outlines estimated replacement costs based on aggregate appraised values,
when available.
Table 7. Weld County Critical Facilities
Count Total Assessor Value
Structures/Parcels 121,749 $18,438,838,152
Critical Facilities 1,284 $978,086,411
The following table provides a count of how many critical facilities of each type are located in Weld County
and outlines estimated replacement costs based on aggregate appraised values, when available.
Monetary values have been broken out by land value and structure value because some hazards (such as
tornadoes or hail) do not affect the value of the land, only the value of structures.
Table 8. Critical Facilities by Occupancy Type
Occupancy Type Count Land Value Structure Value Total Value (land value
+ structure value)
Administration Bldg 2 $572,844 $4,546,190 $5,119,034
Auditorium 4 $967,321 $19,584,907 $20,552,228
Church 154 $15,944,466 $84,445,802 $100,390,268
Community Recreation
Center 5 $11,520,762 $26,961,943 $38,482,705
Convention Center 1 $302,742 $7,692,021 $7,994,763
Nursing Home/Hospital 2 $256,796 $3,482,660 $3,739,456
Day Care Center 23 $3,058,924 $8,371,381 $11,430,305
Distribution Warehouse 16 $6,979,115 $30,604,000 $37,583,115
Fire Station - Volunteer 18 $2,510,536 $11,127,747 $13,638,283
Fire Station Staffed 15 $3,129,684 $19,307,166 $22,436,850
Fire Tower 1 $154,333 $2,819,183 $2,973,516
Government Building 22 $7,310,052 $81,284,784 $88,594,836
Group Care Homes 6 $825,107 $3,261,630 $4,086,737
High School 5 $2,716,917 $51,440,249 $54,157,166
Jail - Correctional Facility 1 $2,211,737 $59,703,055 $61,914,792
Mega Warehouse Stores 2 $3,739,378 $18,655,657 $22,395,035
Elderly Assisted Living 10 $1,412,333 $14,426,530 $15,838,863
School - Arts & Crafts Bldg 1 $34,580 $102,762 $137,342
School - Classroom 21 $5,795,114 $27,955,152 $33,750,266
School - Elementary 45 $13,609,478 $189,085,879 $202,695,357
School - Gymnasium 9 $2,303,450 $11,733,698 $14,037,148
School - Manual Arts 3 $1,598,264 $12,314,874 $13,913,138
School - Science Building 1 $274,928 $11,581,760 $11,856,688
Utility Building 912 $39,085,102 $136,077,740 $175,162,842
Warehouse Discount Store 5 $3,551,113 $11,654,565 $15,205,678
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Critical facilities deserve additional mitigation attention because of the higher potential for the loss of life,
property, and/or environmental quality in the event that they suffer significant damage. The protection
of critical facilities is essential because these specific facilities can have a significant impact on the scope
of damage caused by a natural disaster. Additionally, the disruption of critical facilities during a natural
disaster is likely to affect response and recovery activity.
4.5 Future Development
A key strategy for reducing future losses in a community is to avoid development in known hazard areas
while enforcing the development of safe structures in other areas. The purpose of this strategy is to keep
people, businesses, and buildings out of harm’s way before a hazard event occurs. The 2016 Weld County
Multi-Jurisdictional Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan highlights areas where future development can be
expected and areas where mitigation options can be considered in future land use decisions to ensure
safe, smart growth in the county.
The State Demography Office, a division of the Colorado Department of Local Affairs (DOLA), monitors
population growth trends across the state and between counties. The two tables below provide a picture
of future population growth rates and numbers within the state, within the Denver primary metro
statistical area (PMSA), and within Weld County.
Table 9. Population Forecasts by Region and County, 2000 - 2040
Average Annual Percent Change (5 year increments)
00-05 05-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40
Colorado 1.4% 1.6% 1.7% 1.9% 1.7% 1.4% 1.3% 1.1%
Denver
PMSA 1.4% 1.7% 1.8% 1.7% 1.4% 1.2% 1.0% 0.8%
Weld
County 4.1% 2.6% 2.2% 3.0% 3.2% 2.9% 2.6% 2.3%
Source: Colorado Department of Local Affairs (DOLA)
Table 10. State Demographers Office Population Projections by Region and County (2010 – 2040)
Population Projections (5 year increments)
July, 2010 July, 2015 July, 2020 July, 2025 July, 2030 July, 2034 July, 2040
Colorado 5,049,717 5,439,290 5,924,692 6,429,532 6,915,379 7,352,327 7,752,887
Denver PMSA 2,502,291 2,736,460 2,971,101 3,183,692 3,383,952 3,554,764 3,704,391
Weld County 254,230 283,767 329,759 386,651 446,517 507,221 568,954
Source: Colorado Department of Local Affairs (DOLA)
Weld County is the epicenter of urban growth and changing land use in Colorado. The population of the
county is expected to reach over 380,000 by 2025 and almost 570,000 by 2040. This growth is significantly
faster than the relative growth of the state of Colorado and the Denver PMSA. The first of the following
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
two maps shows population growth forecasts for the state of Colorado. Weld County is expected to grow
at a faster rate than the majority of Colorado counties between now and 2040. The second map shows
projected population growth across the state between 2010 and 2040. Again, Weld County is expected to
sustain large amounts of growth in the next 25 years.
Figure 10. Average Annual Percent Change in Population, Statewide
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Figure 11. Projected Statewide Population Growth
Weld County has grown significantly in the past decade and is one of the fastest growing counties in the
State. The amount of growth that Weld County has seen over the past decade has been dictated by the
availability of undeveloped land. Based on observed population growth trends, housing demand within
Weld County is expected to remain steady over the next decade.
The following map shows currently identified subdivisions in Weld County. The shaded areas indicate
lands that have been divided into pieces for the purpose of future development. Because they are slated
for future growth, these subdivision areas should be evaluated and managed carefully as hazard risks
evolve in the county over time.
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Figure 12. Weld County Subdivisions
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Since the adoption of the 2009 Northeast Colorado Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan, new residential and
commercial development has continued to occur across the county. The following table depicts the
number of new residential building permits issued annually in Weld County between 1990 and 2014. Most
of the permit-issuing jurisdictions are municipalities; the remainder are county offices, townships or
unincorporated towns.
Table 11. Annual New, Privately-Owned Residential Building Permits Issued in Weld County
Year Permits/Buildings Units
2014 2,053 2,708
2013 1,650 1,935
2012 1,192 1,241
2011 807 889
2010 802 863
2009 726 761
2008 867 980
2007 1,572 1,847
2006 2,609 2,922
2005 4,127 4,279
2004 3,915 4,414
2003 3,691 3,963
2002 3,891 4,411
2001 3,991 4,301
2000 4,001 4,369
1999 3,413 3,557
1998 2,839 3,069
1997 1,832 2,117
1996 1,710 1,856
1995 1,326 1,470
1994 1,103 1,164
1993 862 965
1992 511 521
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Year Permits/Buildings Units
1991 335 357
1990 256 271
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey
In the midst of this growth, Weld County is working hard to preserve its agricultural roots. An example of
this is the Right to Farm Statement that is included in the county code:
“Weld County is one of the most productive agricultural counties in the United States, typically ranking in
the top ten counties in the country in total market value of agricultural products sold. The rural areas of
Weld County may be open and spacious, but they are intensively used for agriculture. Persons moving
into a rural area must recognize and accept there are drawbacks, including conflicts with long-standing
agricultural practices and a lower level of services than in town. Along with the drawbacks come the
incentives which attract urban dwellers to relocate to rural areas: open views, spaciousness, wildlife, lack
of city noise and congestion, and the rural atmosphere and way of life. Without neighboring farms, those
features which attract urban dwellers to rural Weld County would quickly be gone forever.” – Excerpt
from the Weld County Right to Farm Statement
An additional 2.5 million people are expected to move to Colorado by 2040 and the majority of them are
expected to settle along the Front Range. Planners anticipate that much of the coming growth will occur
in southwest Weld County, along I-25 and along the southern stretch of US 85. As Weld County’s small
towns grow into cities, some local leaders anticipate that access to county services will need to be
improved. Water availability, infrastructure, and the quality of life that attracts people to northern
Colorado will be more difficult to maintain at the same time they become more important (and scarce).
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
5 Risk Assessment
This section of the Weld County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan (hereinafter referred to as the
Plan) describes the local Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment summary performed and evaluated
by the County and all participating municipalities. This section consists of the following subsections:
INTRODUCTION AND UPDATE SUMMARY
DROUGHT
EARTHQUAKE
EXTREME TEMPERATURES
FLOOD (Including Dam & Levee Failure)
HAZMAT
LAND SUBSIDENCE
PUBLIC HEALTH HAZARDS
PRAIRIE FIRE
SEVERE STORMS (Including Hail, Lightning, & Winter Storms)
STRAIGHT LINE WINDS & TORNADOES
5.1 Introduction and Update Summary
A key step in preventing future disaster losses in Weld County is developing a comprehensive
understanding of the hazards that pose risks to local communities. The following terms facilitate
comparisons between communities and can be found throughout the Plan.
Table 12. Key Risk Assessment Terminology
Hazard:
Event or physical conditions that have the potential to cause fatalities, injuries,
property damage, infrastructure damage, agricultural loss, damage to the
environment, interruption of business, other types of harm or loss
Risk:
Product of a hazard’s likelihood of occurrence and its consequences to society; the
estimates impact that a hazard would have on people, services, facilities, and
structures in a community
Vulnerability: Degree of susceptibility to physical injury, harm, damage, or economic loss; depends
on an asset’s construction, contents, and economic value of its functions
Source: Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2001
The Local Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA) summary is a method for evaluating risk as
defined by probability and frequency of occurrence of a hazard event, exposure of people and property
to the hazard, and consequences of that exposure. Different methodologies exist for assessing the risk of
hazard events, ranging from qualitative to quantitative approaches.
Weld County and its communities are vulnerable to a wide range of natural and human-caused hazards
that threaten life and property. The hazards identified by the HMPC for inclusion in the Plan are those
determined to be of actual potential threat to Weld County and its municipalities and are consistent with
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
the hazards identified by the State of Colorado and the Federal Emergency Management Agency for this
part of the State and this region of the country. The hazards profiled for the 2016 Plan include:
DROUGHT
EARTHQUAKE
EXTREME TEMPERATURES
FLOOD (including dam and levee failure)
HAZMAT
LAND SUBSIDENCE
PRAIRIE FIRE
PUBLIC HEALTH HAZARDS
SEVERE STORMS (including hail, lightning, and winter storms)
Some of these hazards can be interrelated (for example, severe storms can cause flooding, drought can
lead to wildfire), and thus discussion of these hazards may overlap where necessary throughout the Risk
Assessment. Of the sixteen (16) hazards profiled in the State of Colorado’s 2013 Hazard Mitigation Plan,
ten (10) are addressed in the 2016 Weld County Plan. The following table summarizes this information.
Table 13. State/Local Plan Hazards Matrix
2013 STATE OF COLORADO
NATURAL HAZARD MITIGATION
PLAN
INCLUDED IN 2016 WELD
COUNTY HAZARD
MITIGATION PLAN
RATIONALE FOR EXCLUSION
AVALANCHE No significant vulnerability identified
DROUGHT
EARTHQUAKE
EROSION AND DEPOSITION
EXPANSIVE SOIL No significant vulnerability identified
EXTREME TEMPERATURES
FLOOD
HAIL Combined with Severe Storm
LANDSLIDE, MUD/DEBRIS FLOW,
ROCKFALL
No significant vulnerability identified
LIGHTNING Combined with Severe Storm
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
2013 STATE OF COLORADO
NATURAL HAZARD MITIGATION
PLAN
INCLUDED IN 2016 WELD
COUNTY HAZARD
MITIGATION PLAN
RATIONALE FOR EXCLUSION
PEST INFESTATION No significant vulnerability identified
SEVERE WIND
SUBSIDENCE
TORNADO
WILDFIRE
WINTER STORM Combined with Severe Storm
The following table documents the review by the HMPC as it relates to the hazards that were re-evaluated
and/or identified, analyzed, and addressed through the update of the 2009 Northeast Colorado Regional
Hazard Mitigation Plan. Hazards were either deferred, deleted, changed, or new hazards were identified.
Table 14. Evaluation of Hazards for Inclusion in the 2016 Weld County Risk Assessment
2009 HAZARD STATUS NOTES 2016 HAZARD
AVALANCHE Deleted -- --
DROUGHT Deferred -- DROUGHT
EARTHQUAKE Deferred -- EARTHQUAKE
EROSION AND DEPOSITION Changed Merged into another
chapter LAND SUBSIDENCE
EXPANSIVE SOIL Deleted -- --
EXTREME TEMPERATURES Deferred -- EXTREME TEMPERATURES
FLOOD Deferred -- FLOOD (Including Dam and
Levee Failure)
HAIL Changed Merged into another
chapter SEVERE STORM
LANDSLIDE, MUD/DEBRIS
FLOW, ROCKFALL Deleted -- --
LIGHTNING Changed Merged into another
chapter SEVERE STORM
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
2009 HAZARD STATUS NOTES 2016 HAZARD
PEST INFESTATION Deleted -- --
SEVERE WIND Changed Merged into another
chapter
STRAIGHT LINE WIND &
TORNADOES
SUBSIDENCE Deferred -- LAND SUBSIDENCE
TORNADO Changed Merged into another
chapter
STRAIGHT LINE WIND &
TORNADOES
WILDFIRE Deferred -- PRAIRIE FIRE
WINTER STORM Changed Merged into another
chapter SEVERE STORM
BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS Changed -- PUBLIC HEALTH HAZARDS
HAZMAT
Was not
included in
2009 Plan
Added to 2016 Plan HAZMAT
To further focus on the list of identified hazards for the Plan, the following table presents a list of all federal
disaster and emergency declarations that have occurred in Weld County since 1953, according to the
Federal Emergency Management Agency. This list presents the foundation for identifying what hazards
pose the greatest risk to the County and to its local jurisdictions.
Table 15. Presidential Disaster and Emergency Declarations in Weld County
DECLARATION # DATE EVENT DETAILS
FEMA-4145-DR 09/14/2013 Severe Storms, Flooding, Landslides, and Mudslides
FEMA-3365-EM 09/12/2013 Severe Storms, Flooding, Landslides, and Mudslides
FEMA-1762-DR 05/26/2008 Severe Storms and Tornadoes
FEMA-3224-EM 09/05/2005 Hurricane Katrina Evacuation
FEMA-EM-3185 04/09/2003 Snowstorm
FEMA-1421-DR 06/19/2002 Wildfires
FEMA-1374-DR 05/17/2001 Severe Winter Storms
FEMA-1276-DR 05/17/1999 CO Flooding 4/30/1999
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
DECLARATION # DATE EVENT DETAILS
FEMA-1186-DR 08/01/1997 Severe Storms, Heavy Rain, and Flash Floods,
Flooding, Mudslides
FEMA-517-DR 08/02/1976 Severe Storms and Flash Flooding
FEMA-385-DR 05/23/1973 Heavy Rain, Snowmelt, Flooding
FEMA-379-DR 05/08/1973 Dam Failure
FEMA-261-DR 05/19/1969 Severe Storms, Flooding
FEMA-200-DR 06/19/1965 Tornadoes, Severe Storms, Flooding
Source: FEMA Disaster Declarations Summary – Open Government Dataset
Figure 13. Summary of Disaster Declaration Events, Colorado (Source: FEMA Region VIII)
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Figure 14. Summary of Disaster Declaration Events, Weld County (Source: FEMA Region VIII)
Hazards were ranked in order to provide structure and prioritize the mitigation goals and actions discussed
in the Plan. Ranking was both quantitative and qualitative. First, the quantitative analysis considered all
the historical and geospatial hazard-specific data available. Then, a qualitative method, the Risk Factor
(RF) approach, was used to provide additional insights on the specific risks associated with each hazard.
This process also served as a valuable cross-check and validation of the quantitative analysis performed.
The RF approach combines historical experiences, local knowledge, and consensus opinions to produce
numerical values that allow identified hazards to be ranked against one another. During the planning
process, the Weld County HMPC compared the results of the hazard profile against their local knowledge
to generate a set of ranking criteria. These criteria were used to evaluate hazards and identify those posing
the highest risk.
RF values are obtained by assigning varying degrees of risk to five categories for each hazard: probability,
impact, spatial extent, warning time, and duration. Each degree of risk is assigned a value ranging from 1
to 4 and a weighing factor for each category was agreed upon by the HMPC (documented in the following
Table). Based upon any unique concerns for the planning area, the HMPC may also adjust the RF weighting
scheme. To calculate the RF value for a given hazard, the assigned risk value for each category is multiplied
by the weighting factor. The sum of all five categories equals the final RF value, as demonstrated in the
following example equation:
RF Value = [(Probability x .30) + (Impact x .30) +
(Spatial Extent x .20) + (Warning Time x .10) + (Duration x .10)]
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Table 16. Risk Factor Criteria
RISK ASSESSMENT
CATEGORY LEVEL DEGREE OF RISK LEVEL INDEX WEIGHT
PROBABILITY
What is the likelihood of a
hazard event occurring in a
given year?
UNLIKELY LESS THAN 1% ANNUAL
PROBABILITY 1
30%
POSSIBLE BETWEEN 1 & 10%
ANNUAL PROBABILITY 2
LIKELY BETWEEN 10 &100%
ANNUAL PROBABILITY 3
HIGHLY LIKELY 100% ANNUAL
PROBABILTY 4
IMPACT
In terms of injuries, damage,
or death, would you
anticipate impacts to be
minor, limited, critical, or
catastrophic when a
significant hazard event
occurs?
MINOR
VERY FEW INJURIES, IF
ANY. ONLY MINOR
PROPERTY DAMAGE &
MINIMAL DISRUPTION
OF QUALITY OF LIFE.
TEMPORARY
SHUTDOWN OF
CRITICAL FACILITIES.
1
30%
LIMITED
MINOR INJURIES ONLY.
MORE THAN 10% OF
PROPERTY IN AFFECTED
AREA DAMAGED OR
DESTROYED. COMPLETE
SHUTDOWN OF
CRITICAL FACILITIES FOR
MORE THAN ONE DAY.
2
CRITICAL
MULTIPLE
DEATHS/INJURIES
POSSIBLE. MORE THAN
25% OF PROPERTY IN
AFFECTED AREA
DAMAGED OR
DESTROYED. COMPLETE
SHUTDOWN OF
CRITICAL FACILITIES FOR
MORE THAN ONE WEEK.
3
CATASTROPHIC
HIGH NUMBER OF
DEATHS/INJURIES
POSSIBLE. MORE THAN
50% OF PROPERTY IN
4
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
RISK ASSESSMENT
CATEGORY LEVEL DEGREE OF RISK LEVEL INDEX WEIGHT
AFFECTED AREA
DAMAGED OR
DESTROYED. COMPLETE
SHUTDOWN OF
CRITICAL FACILITIES FOR
30 DAYS OR MORE.
SPATIAL EXTENT
How large of an area could
be impacted by a hazard
event? Are impacts
localized or regional?
NEGLIGIBLE LESS THAN 1% OF AREA
AFFECTED 1
20%
SMALL BETWEEN 1 & 10% OF
AREA AFFECTED 2
MODERATE BETWEEN 10 & 50% OF
AREA AFFECTED 3
LARGE BETWEEN 50 & 100% OF
AREA AFFECTED 4
WARNING TIME
Is there usually some lead
time associated with the
hazard event? Have
warning measures been
implemented?
MORE THAN 24 HRS SELF DEFINED 1
10%
12 TO 24 HRS SELF DEFINED 2
6 TO 12 HRS SELF DEFINED 3
LESS THAN 6 HRS SELF DEFINED 4
DURATION
How long does the hazard
event usually last?
LESS THAN 6 HRS SELF DEFINED 1
10%
LESS THAN 24 HRS SELF DEFINED 2
LESS THAN 1 WEEK SELF DEFINED 3
MORE THAN 1
WEEK SELF DEFINED 4
According to the default weighting scheme applied, the highest possible RF value is 4.0. The methodology
illustrated above lists categories that are used to calculate the variables for the RF value.
HAZARD RANKING RESULTS
The following table summarizes the results of the Risk Factor ranking exercise performed by members of
the Weld County HMPC. The results represent the relative rank of different hazards within the county
from the perspective of local stakeholders and subject matter experts from formally adopting
communities.
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Table 17. Risk Factor Results for Weld County and Participation Jurisdictions
# NATURAL
HAZARD PROBABILITY IMPACT SPATIAL
EXTENT
WARNING
TIME DURATION RF
RATING
1 Severe Storm 1.100 0.750 0.717 0.317 0.250 3.133
2
Straight-Line
Winds /
Tornadoes
0.975 0.800 0.750 0.392 0.167 3.083
3 HAZMAT 0.825 0.600 0.450 0.383 0.225 2.483
4 Flood 0.875 0.675 0.600 0.242 0.300 2.692
5 Prairie Fire /
Wildfire 0.900 0.550 0.467 0.383 0.208 2.508
6 Extreme
Temperatures 0.975 0.475 0.667 0.142 0.300 2.558
7 Drought 0.925 0.450 0.683 0.108 0.292 2.458
8 Public Health
Hazards 0.625 0.625 0.550 0.192 0.283 2.275
9 Earthquake 0.400 0.500 0.383 0.283 0.125 1.692
10 Land
Subsidence 0.600 0.400 0.300 0.267 0.200 1.767
Based on the Weld County RF analysis, the natural hazards with the highest risk factor scores are “Severe
Storm” and “Straight-Line Winds/Tornadoes.” Both hazards have a RF value over 3. This is primarily due
to the high probability of the hazards occurring and the wide spatial extent of their potential damages and
impacts. “HAZMAT,” “Flood”, “Prairie Fire/Wildfire,” and “Extreme Temperatures” also ranked within the
“High Risk” RF category. “Drought” and “Public Health Hazards” round out the list of moderate to high
ratings, with scores between 2.2 and 2.4. The Risk Factor exercise conducted by the HMPC determined
that “Earthquake” and “Land Subsidence” are relatively low-risk hazards for communities and emergency
managers in Weld County.
The conclusions drawn from the qualitative assessment carried out by the Weld County HMPC were
organized into three categories (shown in the following table) and provided a summary of hazard risk for
Weld County based on High, Moderate or Low risk designations. This process helped frame ongoing
planning discussions around local and regional hazard risks and assisted with the prioritization of
mitigation actions.
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Table 18. Hazard Risk Conclusions for Weld County
HIGH RISK (2.5 or higher) Severe Storm; Straight-Line Winds/Tornadoes; HAZMAT;
Flood; Prairie Fire / Wildfire; Extreme Temperatures
MODERATE RISK (2.0 – 2.4) Drought; Public Health Hazards
LOW RISK (1.9 or lower) Earthquake; Land Subsidence
The following sections provide hazard profiles and risk assessments for each of the ten hazards identified
by the HMPC for the 2016 Plan update. The hazards are presented in alphabetical order rather than by
their levels of risk.
5.2 Hazard Profiles
Over time, accepted risk assessment methodologies evolve, develop, and grow. Data availability also
tends to change as funding shifts and technological improvements emerge. For this reason, it is important
to incorporate best available data and analysis strategies when formulating a comprehensive mitigation
plan. The table on the following page summarizes the vulnerability and loss estimation methodologies
used in the 2009 Northeast Colorado Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan and presents the updated
methodologies used for the 2016 Weld County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan. This table
highlights the progress of Weld County’s hazard mitigation planning efforts over time and provides a
record of data use to inform future mitigation planning projects in the County.
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Table 19. Summary of Vulnerability Analysis and Loss Estimation Methodologies
2009 Northeast Colorado Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan –
Weld County Planning Element 2016 Weld County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Atmospheric Hazards
Extreme
Temperatures
Vulnerability Analysis (Heat): No jurisdiction-specific analysis; history
of highest recorded temps in county (Source: NCDC).
Loss Estimation (Heat): Narrative, no jurisdiction or county-specific
analysis
Vulnerability Analysis (Cold): No mapping/jurisdiction-specific
analysis; history of lowest recorded temps in county as well as
number of severe cold incidents (Source: NCDC; CDPHE tracking of #
of hospitalizations fur to extreme cold by county)
Loss Estimation (Cold): Narrative, no jurisdiction or county-specific
analysis
Vulnerability Analysis (Heat): Vulnerability Analysis (Cold): Assessment of
historical extreme cold events based on data supplied by the Western
Regional Climate Center (max temps about 90 and average number of days)
and NOAA Storm Event Database.
Loss Estimation (Heat): Narrative.
Vulnerability Analysis (Cold): Assessment of historical extreme cold events
based on data supplied by the Western Regional Climate Center (max temps
about 90 and average number of days) and NOAA Storm Event Database.
Loss Estimation (Cold): Narrative.
Severe Storm:
(including Hail,
Lightning, &
Winter Storm)
Hail
Vulnerability Analysis (Hail): No jurisdiction specific analysis; historical
data from NCDC
Loss Estimation (Hail): Assessment of historical hail losses based on
data supplied by SHELDUS
Lightning
Vulnerability Analysis (Lightning): Assessment of historical injuries and
fatalities based on data supplied by NWS CO Lightning Resource
Center
Loss Estimation (Lightning): Narrative based on data supplied by
NWS, NOAA NCDC
Hail
Vulnerability Analysis: GIS mapping using Storm Prediction Center historical
hail events; Narrative of historical events from NCDC.
Loss Estimation: Narrative; Loss estimates based on historical events reported
by NCDC; Loss estimates representing 10 percent, 30 percent and 50 percent
of the assessed value of exposed building stock/critical facilities for those
jurisdictions and districts ranking this hazard as high.
Lightning
Vulnerability Analysis: GIS mapping using National Weather Service Historical
lightning flash density maps; National Climatic Data Center - Historical
lightning events by county and jurisdiction.
Loss Estimation: Narrative; Loss estimates based on historical events reported
by NCDC; National Weather Service - Historical lightning casualties by county.
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
2009 Northeast Colorado Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan –
Weld County Planning Element 2016 Weld County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Winter Storm
Vulnerability Analysis (winter storm): Assessment of historical events
based on data supplied Weld OEM, COEM
Loss Estimation (winter storm): Assessment of historical losses from
snow storms based on data supplied by SHELDUS
Winter Storm
Vulnerability Analysis: Narrative of historical events from NCDC, Weld OEM,
COEM
Loss Estimation: Narrative; Loss estimates based on historical events reported
by NCDC
Straight-Line
Winds &
Tornadoes
Straight-Line Winds & Tornadoes
Vulnerability Analysis: No jurisdiction-specific vulnerability analysis;
Map of tornado paths in planning region (1950 – 1996) from CO OEM;
list of tornado occurrences by County (1950 -2008) from the “2009
County Profile Information Guides”; NCDC data
Loss Estimation: No jurisdiction-specific loss-estimation. Review of
losses from previous tornado events in the planning area.
Vulnerability Analysis: Assessment of historical high wind and tornado events
based on data supplied by the NCDC: Storm Paths and F-scale mapping from
NCDC; Social vulnerability/housing stock analysis for vulnerable community
identification.
Loss Estimation: Narrative; Loss estimates based on historical events reported
by NCDC
Drought
Vulnerability Analysis: No jurisdiction-specific analysis of drought
vulnerability; narrative cited information from the 2007 CO Drought
Mitigation and Response Plan as well as the 2004 Drought and Water
Supply Assessment;
Loss Estimation: No jurisdiction-specific analysis; Used USDA crop
insurance estimates to frame Regional losses
Vulnerability Analysis: Assessment of historical drought events based on data
supplied by CO Drought Mitigation and Response Plan (2010), NCDC, and the
Colorado Climate Center.
Loss Estimation: Narrative, references drought impact analysis contained in
Annex B of the Colorado Drought Mitigation Response Plan.
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
2009 Northeast Colorado Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan –
Weld County Planning Element 2016 Weld County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Flood
Vulnerability Analysis (flood): HAZUZ-MH MR3 analysis. The 100-year
floodplain was generated for major rivers and creeks in the county
(those with a 10 square mile minimum drainage area). A USGS 30
meter resolution digital elevation model (DEM) was used as the
terrain base in the model.
Loss Estimation (flood): A HAZUS Flood Model was used to estimate
flood depths. Potential losses to the county were based on Census
Block based buildings and population data. To estimate the economic
loss for each city, the flooded Census Blocks were extracted, and the
damage costs were totaled using GIS. This was done for each city and
unincorporated area to illustrate how the risk varies across the
planning area, with the results summarized in a table.
Vulnerability Analysis (dam/levee failure): Assessment based on
analysis of National Inventory of Dams provided with HAZUS MR3
Loss Estimation (dam/levee failure): Assessment based on analysis of
National Inventory of Dams provided with HAZUS MR3
Vulnerability Analysis: Hazus Level 2 analysis of a 1% annual chance flood
event scenario using: FEMA defined 100-yr floodplains supplemented by
Hazus 100-yr floodplains, best available LiDAR and DEMs terrain coverages;
Critical facilities also assessed separately; Narrative of historical flood events
from NCDC and the current State Hazard Mitigation Plan
Loss Estimation: Loss Estimation: Hazus Level 2 analysis of a 1% annual chance
flood event scenario using: FEMA defined 100-yr floodplains supplemented by
Hazus 100-yr floodplains, best available LiDAR and DEMs terrain coverages;
Critical facilities also assessed separately.
Geologic Hazards
Earthquake
Vulnerability Analysis: Narrative; review of previous events;
vulnerability estimated from CGS Earthquake Evaluation Report, 2008,
using 5 Hazus scenarios
Loss Estimation: Narrative; vulnerability estimated from CGS
Earthquake Evaluation Report, 2008, using 5 Hazus scenarios
Vulnerability Analysis: Hazus Level 2 analysis of a Golden Fault scenario using:
CGS fault, soil, and landslide inputs and FEMA Region VIII updated site-
specific building inventory derived from local, state, and federal data sources.
Critical facilities also assessed separately; Narrative of historical earthquake
events from CGS and the current State Hazard Mitigation Plan
Loss Estimation: Hazus Level 2 analysis of a Golden Fault scenario using: CGS
fault, soil, and landslide inputs and FEMA Region VIII updated site-specific
building inventory derived from local, state, and federal data sources ; Critical
facilities also assessed separately.
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
2009 Northeast Colorado Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan –
Weld County Planning Element 2016 Weld County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Land
Subsidence
Vulnerability Analysis: CGS map of subsidence areas about inactive
coal mines (State scale); Previous occurrences from the 2008 State
Mitigation Plan
Loss Estimation: Narrative
Vulnerability Analysis: GIS mapping and analysis using building stock/critical
facility data and CGS undermined areas; Narrative of historical land
subsidence events from CGS and the current State Hazard Mitigation Plan.
Loss Estimation: Loss estimates representing 10 percent, 50 percent and 100
percent of the assessed value of exposed building stock/critical facilities ;
Counts and estimated losses focused on those areas classified at potential
risk.
Other Hazards
Hazmat Hazard not profiled in 2009 NE CO Regional Plan Incident report Database-PHMSA - Office of Hazardous Materials Safety-
Historical Hazmat incidents
Noxious
Weeds
Vulnerability Analysis: Narrative. Plan references distribution maps of
noxious weeks from the CO Department of Agriculture website;
Infestation acreage from Colorado DOA
Loss Estimation: Narrative.
The Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee elected to remove this hazard
from the 2016 Weld County updated Hazard Mitigation Plan.
Prairie Fire
Vulnerability Analysis: GIS analysis of wildland urban interface using
data from the Colorado Wildfire Risk Assessment (2002); Narrative
review of previous events. A GIS overlay was used to identify certain
facilities in the moderate to high fire risk areas.
Loss Estimation: none
Vulnerability Analysis: GIS mapping and analysis using building stock/critical
facility data and COWRAP wildfire and wildland urban interface risk analysis;
Reference analysis included in County CWPPs; Narrative of historical prairie
fire events.
Loss Estimation: Loss estimates representing 10 percent, 50 percent and 100
percent of the assessed value of exposed building stock/critical facilities ;
Counts and estimated losses focused on those areas classified as most
vulnerable across the county based on COWRAP analysis.
Public Health
Hazards
Vulnerability Analysis: Narrative based on records of historical
occurrences (Colorado CDPHE); no jurisdiction-scale analysis
Loss Estimation: None; no jurisdiction-scale analysis
Vulnerability Analysis: Social vulnerability analysis, estimated # of episodes of
illness, healthcare utilization, and death associated with moderate and severe
pandemic influenza scenarios in Colorado (Source: CO-specific Census data in
the CDC’s FluAid program)
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
2009 Northeast Colorado Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan –
Weld County Planning Element 2016 Weld County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Loss Estimation: Assessment of loss using CDC’s FluWorkLoss 1.0 tool. The
tool estimates the potential number of days lost from work due to a
pandemic based on Census 2010 data.
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
The following table shows a summary of each participating jurisdictions’ vulnerability to the hazards
identified in the Plan. The results are a product of each jurisdiction’s review of the multi-hazard risk
assessment and their individual RF value obtained by assigning varying degrees of risk to the five
categories for each hazard: probability, impact, spatial extent, warning time, and duration.
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Table 20. Hazard Vulnerability Summary by Jurisdiction
Drought Earthquake Extreme
Temperatures Flood Hazmat Land
Subsidence
Public Health
Hazards
Prairie
Fire Severe Storm
Straight-
Line
Winds &
Tornadoes
Weld
County
Moderate
Risk
Moderate
Risk High Risk High Risk High Risk Low Risk High Risk High Risk High Risk High Risk
Town of
Ault Low Risk Low Risk Moderate
Risk Low Risk High Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk High Risk High Risk
City of
Brighton
Moderate
Risk Low Risk High Risk Moderate
Risk High Risk Low Risk High Risk High Risk High Risk High Risk
Town of
Dacono High Risk Low Risk High Risk High Risk Moderate
Risk
Moderate
Risk High Risk Low Risk High Risk High Risk
Town of
Erie High Risk High Risk High Risk High Risk High Risk High Risk High Risk High Risk High Risk High Risk
City of
Evans High Risk High Risk High Risk High Risk High Risk High Risk High Risk High Risk High Risk High Risk
Town of
Firestone Low Risk Low Risk Moderate
Risk High Risk Moderate
Risk Low Risk Low Risk Moderate
Risk
Moderate
Risk
Moderate
Risk
City of Fort
Lupton High Risk Moderate
Risk Low Risk Moderate
Risk
Moderate
Risk Low Risk High Risk Low Risk Low Risk Moderate
Risk
Town of
Frederick High Risk Low Risk Low Risk High Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk High Risk High Risk High Risk
Town of
Garden City Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk
Town of
Gilcrest High Risk Low Risk Moderate
Risk
Moderate
Risk
Moderate
Risk Low Risk Moderate
Risk Low Risk Moderate
Risk Low Risk
City of
Greeley High Risk Low Risk High Risk Moderate
Risk High Risk Low Risk High Risk Moderate
Risk High Risk Moderate
Risk
Town of
Hudson Low Risk Low Risk Moderate
Risk Low Risk High Risk Low Risk Moderate
Risk
Moderate
Risk High Risk High Risk
Town of
Keenesburg
Moderate
Risk High Risk Low Risk Moderate
Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk High Risk High Risk
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Drought Earthquake Extreme
Temperatures Flood Hazmat Land
Subsidence
Public Health
Hazards
Prairie
Fire Severe Storm
Straight-
Line
Winds &
Tornadoes
Town of
Kersey Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Moderate
Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Moderate
Risk
Moderate
Risk
Moderate
Risk
Town of
LaSalle High Risk Moderate
Risk High Risk Moderate
Risk High Risk Low Risk High Risk Low Risk High Risk High Risk
Town of
Mead Low Risk Low Risk Moderate
Risk
Moderate
Risk
Moderate
Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk High Risk High Risk
Town of
Milliken
Moderate
Risk Low Risk Moderate
Risk High Risk Moderate
Risk
Moderate
Risk Low Risk High Risk High Risk High Risk
Town of
Pierce Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Moderate
Risk
Moderate
Risk
Town of
Platteville Low Risk Low Risk Moderate
Risk Low Risk Moderate
Risk Low Risk Moderate
Risk
Moderate
Risk High Risk High Risk
Town of
Severance High Risk Low Risk High Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Moderate
Risk High Risk High Risk
Town of
Windsor
Moderate
Risk Low Risk High Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Moderate
Risk High Risk Moderate
Risk
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
5.2.1 Drought
NATURAL HAZARD PROBABILITY IMPACT SPATIAL
EXTENT
WARNING
TIME DURATION RF
RATING
Drought 0.925 0.450 0.683 0.108 0.292 2.458
MODERATE RISK HAZARD (2.0 - 2.4)
5.2.1.1 Hazard Identification
Drought is a normal part of virtually all climates, including areas with high and low average rainfall. It is
caused by a deficiency of precipitation and can be aggravated by other factors such as high temperatures,
high winds, and low relative humidity.
Droughts can be grouped as meteorological, hydrologic, agricultural, and socioeconomic. Representative
definitions commonly used to describe the various types of drought are summarized below.
Meteorological drought is defined solely on the degrees of dryness. It is expressed as a departure
of actual precipitation from an expected average or normal amount based on monthly, seasonal, or
annual time scales.
Hydrologic drought is related to the effects of precipitation shortfalls on stream flows and reservoir,
lake, and groundwater levels.
Agricultural drought is defined principally in terms of soil moisture deficiencies relative to water
demands of plant life, usually crops.
Socioeconomic drought associates the supply and demand of economic goods or services with
elements of meteorological, hydrologic, and agricultural drought. Socioeconomic drought occurs
when the demand for water exceeds the supply as a result of a weather related supply shortfall.
The incidence of this type of drought can increase because of a change in the amount of rainfall, a
change in societal demands for water (or vulnerability to water shortages), or both.
The Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) was developed by Wayne Palmer in the 1960s and uses
temperature and rainfall information in a formula to determine dryness. Over time it has become the
semi-official drought index for risk assessment and hazard analysis. The Palmer Index is most effective in
determining long term drought—a matter of several months—and is not used for short-term forecasts (a
matter of weeks). It uses a 0 as normal conditions, and drought is shown in terms of negative numbers;
for example, -2 is moderate drought, -3 is severe drought, and -4 is extreme drought. The following table
provides an overview of the Palmer Index compared to other classifications.
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Table 21. Drought Severity Classification
DROUGHT
SEVERITY
RETURN
PERIOD
(YRS)
DESCRIPTION OF POSSIBLE IMPACTS
DROUGHT MONITORING INDICES
Standardized
Precipitation
Index (SPI)
NDMC*
Drought
Category
Palmer
Drought
Index
Minor
Drought 3 to 4
Going into drought; short-term
dryness slowing growth of crops or
pastures; fire risk above average.
Coming out of drought; some
lingering water deficits; pastures or
crops not fully recovered.
-0.5 to -0.7 D0 -1.0 to -
1.9
Moderate
Drought 5 to 9
Some damage to crops or pastures;
fire risk high; streams, reservoirs, or
wells low, some water shortages
developing or imminent, voluntary
water use restrictions requested.
-0.8 to -1.2 D1 -2.0 to -
2.9
Severe
Drought 10 to 17
Crop or pasture losses likely; fire risk
very high; water shortages common;
water restrictions imposed
-1.3 to -1.5 D2 -3.0 to -
3.9
Extreme
Drought 18 to 43
Major crop and pasture losses;
extreme fire danger; widespread
water shortages or restrictions
-1.6 to -1.9 D3 -4.0 to -
4.9
Exceptional
Drought 44 +
Exceptional and widespread crop and
pasture losses; exceptional fire risk;
shortages of water in reservoirs,
streams, and wells creating water
emergencies
Less than -2 D4 -5.0 or
less
*Source: National Drought Mitigation Center
5.2.1.2 Previous Occurrences
With its semi-arid climate, drought is a natural part of the Colorado environment. Because of natural
variations in regional climate and precipitation, it is rare for the entire state to be deficient in moisture at
the same time. Single season droughts that cover portions of the state, however, are fairly common.
Drought impacts can cover large areas and may come in many forms. The most significant drought impacts
in Colorado are related to water-intensive activities including agriculture, municipal use, wildfire
protections, recreation, wildlife preservation, commerce, and tourism. Drought conditions can lead to the
compaction of soil, increasing erosion potential and decreasing water quality. The impacts associated with
drought magnify as the duration of the event increases, as supplemental supplies in reservoirs are
depleted and water levels in groundwater aquifers decline.
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
The State of Colorado has experienced severe, widespread drought several times since the late 1800s.
The 2013 State of Colorado Drought Mitigation and Response Plan included a comprehensive description
of the major droughts that have occurred in Colorado, including the Dust Bowl of 1930s, the 1950s drought
of the Great Plains, and the Colorado drought of 2002. The table below summarizes the duration of
historical dry and wet periods in Colorado.
Table 22. Historical Dry and Wet Periods in Colorado
Date Dry Wet Duration (years)
1893-1905 X 12
1905-1931 X 26
1931-1941 X 10
1941-1951 x 10
1951-1957 X 6
1957-1959 X 2
1963-1965 X 2
1965-1975 X 10
1975-1978 X 3
1978-1999 X 20
2000-2006 X 6
2007-2010 X 3
2010-2013 X 3
Source: 2013 Colorado Drought Mitigation and Response Plan
The previous table highlights seven multi-year droughts in Colorado since 1893. The most dramatic
drought event occurred in the late 1930s and 1950s when a number of states in the region were affected
by a several-year drought.
The Colorado drought of 2002 was the single most intensive year of drought in Colorado’s history.6
Statewide snowpack was at or near all-time lows, and the year is considered the driest single year
recorded in Colorado history. What made the 2002 drought event so unusual was that all of the State was
dry at the same time. Regional soil moisture was depleted and reservoirs dropped to extremely low levels.
The dramatic drought conditions prompted widespread water restrictions that were heavily enforced and
regulated. These restrictions included limits to watering lawns, washing cars, or the use of water for any
other non-essential uses. Some municipalities offered incentives for property owners to remove their
lawns and adopt xeriscaped landscape designs. Ultimately, it was the wet period of the late 1990s and the
increased reservoir storage during that time that helped Colorado to survive the drought of 2002.
More recently, severe drought conditions have impacted the State of Colorado. Based on the U.S. Drought
Monitor, approximately 50% of Colorado was already experiencing drought conditions by the start of
2012. Minimal accumulations of snow worsened conditions further, as below average snowfall and above
average temperatures occurred in February and March. In April and May of 2012, warm temperatures
6 Pielke and Doesken, 2003. The Drought of 2002 in Colorado.
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caused early runoff as the thin snowpack melted rapidly. The entire State of Colorado was under drought
conditions by the end of May 2012 and stream flows measured only slightly better compared to the
extreme drought years of 1934, 1954, 1977 and 2002.
Local agricultural production was heavily impacted by the 2011-2013 drought. Because soil moisture was
low and temperatures high on the plains during the spring planting season, many crops struggled to take
root and failed to survive the summer. Agricultural drought impacts were exacerbated by limited water
availability for summer irrigation diversions due to less snowpack and runoff. In the eastern plains of
Colorado, June temperatures were consistently over 100°F. As hay production decreased to 10% - 50% of
average supply, prices increased dramatically. For example, corn prices increased 43% over two years as
neighboring corn-producing regions in other states also struggled with drought. By early June 2013, many
areas of the Eastern Plains normally covered by crops or cattle were barren. Many ranchers sold their
herds as grasses had gone dormant and hay was expensive and in short supply.
Additional economic impacts seen during the 2011-2013 drought period included disruptions to the
tourism industry. Colorado experienced decreased rafting numbers due to low stream flows and wildfire
conditions that made some river reaches inaccessible. Colorado’s ski industry, another important
economic driver for the state, experienced an 11.9% decrease in visits for the 2011-2012 season as
compared to the five-year average. Many ski resorts closed early in 2012 because of high temperatures
and minimal March snowfall.
In addition to having a devastating economic impact on Colorado agriculture and tourism, the 2011-2013
drought period contributed to elevated wildfire risk across the state. Two of the State’s most destructive
wildfires occurred during the 2012 drought period: the High Park Fire and the Waldo Canyon Fire. Dry
conditions on the Eastern Plains contributed to an extended grass fire season that threatened homes and
property.
During drought conditions Secretarial Disaster Declarations are used to make low interest loans and other
emergency assistance available to those who have been affected (largely farmers and ranchers). Under
the process laid out by the Farm Services Agency (FSA), a USDA Disaster Declaration can be made if any
portion of a County has experienced eight consecutive weeks of severe drought according to the U.S.
Drought Monitor.7 The following Table lists the disaster declarations that have affected Weld County
since 2003.
7 The 2013 Colorado Drought Mitigation Response Plan
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Table 23. USDA Secretarial Disasters Affecting Weld County 2005 - Present
Year Type Disaster # and Affected Counties
2013 Drought
USDA Designates 30 counties in Colorado as primary natural
disaster areas due to damages and losses caused by the recent
drought
2012 Hail, High Winds
and Flash Flooding
USDA Designates 7 counties in Colorado as primary natural disaster
areas due to damages and losses caused by hail, high winds and
flash flooding that occurred June 7, 2012
2012 High Winds
USDA Designates 62 counties in Colorado as primary natural
disaster areas due to damages and losses caused by high winds
2008 Hail
USDA Designates 25 counties in Colorado as primary natural
disaster areas due to damages and losses caused by Hail
2008 Drought USDA Designates 41 counties in Colorado as primary natural
disaster areas due to damages and losses caused by Drought
2006
Heat, High Winds
and ongoing
Drought
USDA Designates 29 counties in Colorado as primary natural
disaster areas due to damages and losses caused by heat, high
winds and ongoing drought
2006 Drought, Fire, High
Winds and Heat
USDA Designates 35 counties were designated as primary natural
disaster areas, due to losses caused by drought, fire, high winds and
heat
2006
Drought, Crop
Disease and Insect
Infestation
USDA Designates 7 counties in Colorado as primary natural disaster
areas due to damages and losses caused by ongoing drought, crop
disease and insect infestation
Source: USDA – Colorado Farm Services Agency
Numerous drought declarations occurred between 2006 and 2013. One of the most significant disaster
periods occurred in early July 2012, in which 62 of the State’s 64 counties were included in a Secretarial
disaster designation due to the 2011-2013 drought. Farmers in designated counties were able to apply for
Farm Service Agency emergency loans for the next eight months.
Because drought is usually considered a regional hazard, all jurisdictions are assumed to have the same
risk level within Weld County. Drought risk is based on a combination of the frequency, severity, and
spatial extent (the physical nature of drought) and the degree to which a population or activity is
vulnerable to the effects of drought. The degree of Weld County’s vulnerability to drought depends on
the environmental and social characteristics of the region and is measured by its ability to anticipate, cope
with, resist, and recover from drought. The 2013 State of Colorado Drought Mitigation and Response Plan
includes information about total drought impacts for all Colorado counties from 1935 (the earliest
reported drought impact) to May 8, 2013 for the following impact categories:
Agriculture: Drought impacts associated with agriculture, farming, aquaculture, horticulture, forestry or
ranching. Examples of drought-induced agricultural impacts include: damage to crop quality; income loss
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for farmers due to reduced crop yields; reduced productivity of cropland; insect infestation; plant disease;
increased irrigation costs; cost of new or supplemental water resource development (wells, dams,
pipelines) for agriculture; reduced productivity of rangeland; forced reduction of foundation stock;
closure/limitation of public lands to grazing; high cost or unavailability of water for livestock, Christmas
tree farms, forestry, raising domesticated horses, bees, fish, shellfish, or horticulture.
Business and Industry: Drought impacts affecting non-agriculture and non-tourism businesses, such as
lawn care businesses, sales of recreational vehicles or other recreational gear, and plant nurseries.
Examples of drought-induced business impacts could include: reduction or loss of employees, change in
sales or volume of business, variation in number of calls for service, early closure or late opening for the
season, bankruptcy, permanent store closure, economic impacts.
Energy: Drought impacts associated with power production, electricity rates, energy revenue, and
purchase of alternate sources of energy. Examples include hydropower and non-hydropower production
when affected by drought, electricity rates, revenue shortfalls and/or windfall profits, purchase of
electricity when hydropower generation is down.
Fire: Drought impacts contributing to forest, range, rural, or urban fires, fire danger, and burning
restrictions. Examples of fire impacts include: Enactment/easing of burning restrictions, fireworks ban,
increased fire risk, occurrence of fire (number of acres burned, number of wildfires compared to average,
people displaced, etc.), increase in firefighting personnel, state of emergency during periods of high fire
danger, closure of roads land due to fire occurrence or risk.
Plants and Wildlife: Drought impacts associated with unmanaged plants and wildlife, fisheries, forests,
and other fauna. Examples of drought-induced impacts on plants and wildlife include: loss of biodiversity
of plants or wildlife; loss of trees from rural or urban landscapes, shelterbelts, or wooded conservation
areas; reduction and degradation of fish and wildlife habitat; lack of feed and drinking water; greater
mortality due to increased contact with agricultural producers, as animals seek food from farms and
producers are less tolerant of the intrusion; disease; increased vulnerability to predation (from species
concentrated near water); migration and concentration (loss of wildlife in some areas and too many
wildlife in other areas); increased stress to endangered species; salinity levels affecting wildlife, wildlife
encroaching into urban areas, loss of wetlands.
Relief, Response, and Restrictions: Drought effects associated with disaster declarations, aid programs,
requests for disaster declaration or aid, water restrictions, fire restrictions. Impacts include: Disaster
declarations, aid programs, USDA Secretarial disaster declarations, Small Business Association disaster
declarations, government relief and response programs, state-level declarations, county-level
declarations, a declared "state of emergency," requests for declarations or aid, non-profit organization-
based relief, water restrictions, fire restrictions, declaration of drought watches or warnings.
Society and Public Health: Drought effects associated with public and human health. Examples of
drought-induced social impacts include: health-related problems related to reduced water quantity
and/or quality, such as increased concentration of contaminants; loss of human life (e.g., from heat
stress); increased respiratory ailments; increased disease caused by wildlife concentrations; population
migration (rural to urban areas, migrants into the United States); loss of aesthetic values; change in daily
activities (non-recreational, like putting a bucket in the shower to catch water), elevated stress levels,
meetings to discuss drought, communities creating drought plans, lawmakers altering penalties for
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violation of water restrictions, demand for higher water rates, cultural/historical discoveries from low
water levels, cancellation of fundraising events, cancellation/alteration of festivals or holiday traditions,
stockpiling water, public service announcements and drought information websites, protests.
Tourism and Recreation: Drought effects associated with recreational activities and tourism. Examples of
drought-induced tourism and recreation impacts include: water access or navigation problems for
recreation; bans on recreational activities; reduced license, permit, or ticket sales (e.g. hunting, fishing,
ski lifts, etc.); losses related to curtailed activities (e.g. bird watching, hunting and fishing, boating, etc.);
reduced park visitation; delayed opening for ski resorts; increase in artificial snow generation; cancellation
or postponement of sporting events.
Water Supply and Quality: Drought effects associated with water supply and water quality. Examples of
drought-induced water supply and quality impacts include: Dry wells, water restrictions, changes in water
rates, easing of water restrictions, increase in requests for new well permits, changes in water use due to
water restrictions, greater water demand, decrease in water allocation or allotments, installation or
alteration of water pumps or water intakes, changes to allowable water contaminants, water line damage
or repairs due to drought stress, drinking water turbidity, change in water color or odor, declaration of
drought watches or warnings, mitigation activities.
Based on data collected by the National Drought Mitigation Center (NDMC), the state-wide impact
assessment, Weld County has recorded major impacts from drought since 1935.8 The table below
summarizes the drought impacts reported in Weld County alone since 2005.
Table 24. Drought Impacts Reported in Weld County (2005 – 2015)
Impact Category Count Percentage of Total Impacts
Agriculture 139 32.4%
Relief, Response, and Restrictions 80 18.6%
Water Supply and Quality 56 13.1%
Society and Public Health 52 12.1%
Fire 32 7.5%
Plants and Wildlife 31 7.2%
Business and Industry 23 5.4%
Tourism and Recreation 11 2.5%
Energy 5 1.2%
8 2013 Colorado Drought Mitigation Response Plan (p. 24)
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Impact Category Count Percentage of Total Impacts
Total Impacts: 429 100%
Source: NDMC Drought Impact Reporter
Over the last decade, impacts related to agriculture made up 32.4% of the total drought impacts reported
in Weld County. Eighteen point six percent of drought impacts reported in the county were related to
Relief, Response, and Restrictions. Impacts related to Water Supply and Quality, Society and Public Health,
and Plants and Wildlife, each fall at around 7.2% - 13.1% of the total reported drought impacts in the
county. Fire related impacts make up 7.5% of drought impacts reported in Weld County. Tourism and
Recreation, and Business and Industry impacts account for a total of 2.5%-5.4% of all reported drought
impacts. Energy related impacts made up the lowest percentage of reported impacts in the last decade at
1.2%
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Paleoclimatology Program studies drought by
analyzing records from tree rings, lake and dune sediments, archaeological remains, historical documents,
and other environmental indicators to obtain a broader picture of the frequency of droughts in the United
States. According to their research, “paleoclimatic data suggest that droughts as severe as the 1950’s
drought have occurred in central North America several times a century over the past 300-400 years, and
thus we should expect (and plan for) similar droughts in the future. The paleoclimatic record also indicates
that droughts of a much greater duration than any in the 20th century have occurred in parts of North
America as recently as 500 years ago.” Based on this research, the 1950’s drought situation could be
expected approximately once every 50 years or a 20% chance every ten years. An extreme drought, worse
than the 1930’s “Dust Bowl,” has an approximate probability of occurring once every 500 years or a 2%
chance of occurring each decade.9 A 500-year drought with a magnitude similar to that of the 1930’s that
destroys the agricultural economy and leads to wildfires is an example of a high magnitude event.
5.2.1.3 Inventory Exposed
Drought typically does not have a direct impact on critical facilities or structures. Drought conditions
evolve slowly over time and communities typically have ample time to prepare for the effects. Should a
drought affect the water available for public water systems or individual wells, the availability of clean
drinking water could be compromised. This situation would require emergency actions and could possibly
overwhelm the local government and financial resources.
Impacts from drought can include the following:
Economic losses to agricultural producers (crops and livestock)
Physical and mental health issues
Water supply interruption for business and industry
Water quality problems
Reduced soil and vegetation moisture
Vegetation mortality, insect infestations
9 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2003
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Impacts to fish and wildlife populations
Increase in wildland fires and associated losses
5.2.1.4 Potential Losses
Possible losses/impacts to critical facilities include the loss of critical function due to low water supplies.
Severe droughts can negatively affect drinking water supplies. Should a public water system be affected,
the losses could total into the millions of dollars if outside water is shipped in. Private springs/wells could
also dry up. Possible losses to infrastructure include the loss of potable water.
Although drought events rarely pose immediate risks to public health, they can impact local public health
in numerous ways. Examples of drought-induced public health impacts include: increased respiratory
ailments due to increased particulate matter in the air; sickness due to decreased availability of clean
water; increased disease caused by wildlife concentrations; population migrations (rural to urban areas);
loss of human life (e.g. from heat stress, suicides); and impacts on behavioral health (due to
unemployment in the agricultural sector, stress on the tourism and other businesses related to the natural
environment and/or water).
The impacts of drought on local vegetation and wildlife can include death from dehydration and spread
of invasive species or disease because of stressed conditions. In general, environmental impacts from
drought are more likely at the interface of the human and natural world. The loss of crops or livestock due
to drought can have far-reaching economic effects on communities, wind and water erosion can alter the
visual landscape, and dust can damage property. Water-based recreational resources are also heavily
affected by drought conditions. Indirect impacts from drought arise from wildfire, which may have
additional effects on the landscape and sensitive resources such as historic or archeological sites.
Due to the nature of drought, all jurisdictions within Weld County are expected to experience similar
physical impacts from drought conditions. However, local communities with large agricultural, livestock,
and tourism-based economies are expected to bear the brunt of drought effects in the county.
5.2.1.5 Probability of Future Occurrences
Due to the nature of drought, it is an extremely difficult hazard to predict. However, identifying various
indicators of drought, and tracking these indicators, provides us with a crucial means of monitoring
drought. Additionally, understanding the historical frequency, duration, and spatial extent of drought
assists in determining the likelihood and potential severity of future droughts. The characteristics of past
droughts provide benchmarks for projecting similar conditions into the future. The probability of Weld
County and its municipalities experiencing a drought event can be difficult to quantify; However, based
on historical record of 5 drought-related USDA Secretarial Disasters affecting Weld County between 2005
and 2015, it can reasonably be assumed that this type of event has occurred once every 2 years from 2005
through 2015.
Historic frequency suggests that there is a 50% chance of this type of event occurring each year. The
Colorado Climate Report, published in 2015 by the Colorado Water Conservation Board (CWCB), include
climate models that project Colorado will warm by 2.5°F by 2025 and 4°F by 2050, relative to the 1950-99
baseline. If these projections are accurate, changes in the quantity and quality of water are likely to occur
due to warning, even in the absence of precipitation changes.
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5.2.1.6 Land Use and Development
Society’s vulnerability to drought is affected largely by population growth, urbanization, demographic
characteristics, technology, water use trends, government policy, social behavior, and environmental
awareness. These factors are continually changing, and society’s vulnerability to drought may rise or fall
in response to these changes. For example, increasing and shifting populations puts increasing pressure
on water and other natural resources—more people need more water.
Future development greatly impacts drought hazards by stressing both surface and ground water
resources. Agricultural and industrial water users consume large amounts of water. Expansion of water-
intensive enterprises is limited in a time when water resources are strained. In rapidly growing
communities, new water and sewer systems or significant well and septic sites could use up more of the
water available, particularly during periods of drought. Public water systems are monitored, but individual
wells and septic systems are not as strictly regulated. Therefore, future development could have a
profound impact on the vulnerability of Weld County communities to drought.
Related to both current land use and future development trends, the use of turf grass affects the available
water supplies. Maintaining lush, green lawns in the semi-arid climate of the Front Range requires large
amounts of water. Urban lawn watering is the single largest water demand on most municipal supplies.
Outdoor water use accounts for about 55 percent of the residential water use in the Front Range urban
area, most of which is used on turf. 10 Residential and commercial landscaping can greatly impact future
drought events and future water use regulations may be able to mitigate this trend.
As Weld County continues to grow, it will consider practical guidelines for determining the impacts of
drought such as measuring the economic value of water in alternative uses and objective methods for
quantifying non-market impacts of drought on those uses. Additionally, Weld County will continue to
follow guidance found within the State of Colorado’s Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan as well as the Colorado
Drought Mitigation and Response Plan.
10 http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/consumer/09952.html
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5.2.2 Earthquake
NATURAL HAZARD PROBABILITY IMPACT SPATIAL
EXTENT
WARNING
TIME DURATION RF
RATING
Earthquake 0.400 0.500 0.383 0.283 0.125 1.692
LOW RISK (1.9 or lower)
5.2.2.1 Hazard Identification
An earthquake is the motion or trembling of the ground produced by sudden displacement of rock usually
within the upper 10 – 20 miles of the Earth’s crust. Earthquakes can affect hundreds of thousands of
square miles, cause damage to property measured in the tens of billions of dollars, result in loss of life and
injury to hundreds of thousands of people, and disrupt the social and economic functioning of the affected
area. Most property damage and earthquake-related deaths are caused by the failure and collapse of
structures due to ground shaking which is dependent upon amplitude and duration of the earthquake
(FEMA, 1997).
Earthquake Mechanics
Regardless of the source of the earthquake, the associated energy travels in waves radiating outward from
the point of release. When these waves travel along the surface, the ground shakes and rolls, fractures
form, and water waves may be generated. Earthquakes generally last a matter of seconds but the waves
may travel for long distances and cause damage well after the initial shaking at the point of origin has
subsided.
Breaks in the crust associated with seismic activity are known as “faults” and are classified as either active
or inactive. Faults may be expressed on the surface by sharp cliffs or scarps or may be buried below surface
deposits.
“Foreshocks,” minor releases of pressure or slippage, may occur months or minutes before the actual
onset of the earthquake. “Aftershocks,” which range from minor to major, may occur for months after
the main earthquake. In some cases, strong aftershocks may cause significant additional damage,
especially if the initial earthquake impacted emergency management and response functions or
weakened structures.
Factors Contributing to Damage
The damage associated with each earthquake is subject to four primary variables:
The nature of the seismic activity
The composition of the underlying geology and soils
The level and quality of development of the area struck by the earthquake
The time of day
Seismic Activity: The properties of earthquakes vary greatly from event to event. Some seismic activity is
localized (a small point of energy release), while other activity is widespread (e.g., a major fault shifting
or slipping all at once). Earthquakes can be very brief (only a few seconds) or last for a minute or more.
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The depth of release and type of seismic waves generated also play roles in the nature and location of
damage; shallow quakes will hit the area close to the epicenter harder, but tend to be felt across a smaller
region than deep earthquakes.
Geology and Soils: The surface geology and soils of an area influence the propagation (conduction) of
seismic waves and how strongly the energy is felt. Generally, stable areas (e.g., solid bedrock) experience
less destructive shaking than unstable areas (e.g., fill soils). The siting of a community or even individual
buildings plays a strong role in the nature and extent of damage from an event.
Development: An earthquake in a densely populated area which results in many deaths and considerable
damage may have the same magnitude as a shock in a remote area that has no direct impacts. Large
magnitude earthquakes that occur beneath the oceans may not even be felt by humans.
Time of Day: The time of day of an event controls the distribution of the population of an affected area.
On work days, the majority of the community will transition between work or school, home, and the
commute between the two. The relative seismic vulnerability of each location can strongly influence the
loss of life and injury resulting from an event.
Types of Damage
Often, the most dramatic evidence of an earthquake results from the vertical and/or horizontal
displacement of the ground along a fault line. This displacement can sever transportation, energy, utility,
and communications infrastructure potentially impacting numerous systems and persons. These ground
displacements can also result in severe and complete damages to structures situated on top of the ground
fault. However, most damage from earthquake events is the result of shaking. Shaking also produces a
number of phenomena that can generate additional damage
Additional ground displacement
Landslides and avalanches
Liquefaction and subsidence
Seismic Seiches
Shaking: During minor earthquake events, objects often fall from shelves and dishes rattle. In major
events, large structures may be torn apart by the forces of the seismic waves. Structural damage is
generally limited to older structures that are poorly maintained, poorly constructed, or improperly (or
not) designed for seismic events. Un‐reinforced masonry buildings and wood frame homes not anchored
to their foundations are typical victims of earthquake damage.
Loose or poorly secured objects also pose a significant hazard when they are loosened or dropped by
shaking. These “non‐structural falling hazard” objects include bookcases, heavy wall hangings, and
building facades. Home water heaters pose a special risk due to their tendency to start fires when they
topple over and rupture gas lines. Crumbling chimneys may also be responsible for injuries and property
damage.
Dam and bridge failures are significant risks during stronger earthquake events, and due to the
consequences of such failures, may result in considerable property damage and loss of life. In areas of
severe seismic shaking hazard, shaking Intensity levels of VII or higher (see Table 25) can be experienced
even on solid bedrock. In these areas, older buildings especially are at significant risk.
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Ground Displacement: Ground displacement can also occur due to shaking, resulting in similar damages
as mentioned previously.
Landslides and Avalanches: Even small earthquake events can cause landslides. Rock falls are common as
unstable material on steep slopes is shaken loose, but significant landslides or even debris flows can be
generated if conditions are ripe. Roads may be blocked by landslide activity, hampering response and
recovery operations. Avalanches are possible when the snowpack is sufficient.
Liquefaction and Subsidence: Soils may liquefy and/or subside when impacted by the seismic waves. Fill
and previously saturated soils are especially at risk. The failure of the soils has the potential to cause
widespread structural damage. The oscillation and failure of the soils may result in increased water flow
and/or failure of wells as the subsurface flows are disrupted and sometimes permanently altered.
Increased flows may be dramatic, resulting in geyser‐like water spouts and/or flash floods. Similarly, septic
systems may be damaged creating both inconvenience and health concerns.
Seiches: Seismic waves may rock an enclosed body of water (e.g., lake or reservoir), creating an oscillating
wave referred to as a “seiche.” Although not a common cause of damage in past Colorado earthquakes,
there is a potential for large, forceful waves similar to a tsunami (“tidal waves”) to be generated on the
large reservoirs within and neighboring Weld County. Such a wave would be a hazard to shoreline
development and pose a significant risk on dam‐created reservoirs. A seiche could either overtop or
damage a dam leading to downstream flash flooding.
Environmental impacts of earthquakes can be numerous, widespread, and devastating, particularly if
indirect impacts are considered. Some examples of impacts are listed below:
Induced flooding and landslides
Poor water quality
Damage to vegetation
Breakage in sewage or toxic material containments
HAZARD PROFILE
The impact an earthquake event has on an area is typically measured in terms of earthquake intensity.
Intensity is most commonly measured using the Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) Scale based on direct
and indirect measurements of seismic effects.
Another way to express an earthquake’s severity is to compare its acceleration to the normal acceleration
due to gravity. Peak ground acceleration (PGA) measures the strength of ground movements in this
manner. PGA represents the rate in change of motion of the earth’s surface during an earthquake as a
percent of the established rate of acceleration due to gravity. PGA can be partly determined by what soils
and bedrock characteristics exist in the region. Unlike the Richter scale, PGA is not a measure of the total
energy released by an earthquake, but rather of how hard the earth shakes at a given geographic area
(the intensity). PGA is measured by using instruments including accelerographs and correlates well with
the Mercalli scale.
When the peak ground acceleration nears 0.04 – 0.092g, an earthquake can be felt by people walking
outside. As PGA nears 0.19 – 0.34g the intensity is considered to be very strong. At this level, plaster can
break off and fall away from structures and cracks in walls often occur. PGA magnitudes of 1.24g are
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considered to be very disastrous. This magnitude of ground acceleration represents an earthquake of
roughly 6.9 to 8.1 on the Richter Scale. A detailed description of the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale is
shown in the following table.
Table 25. Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale
SCALE INTENSITY DESCRIPTION OF EFFECTS PGA (g) RICHTER SCALE
MAGNITUDE
I Instrumental Detected only on seismographs < 0.0017
< 4.2
II Feeble Some people feel it
0.0018 –
0.014 III Slight Felt by people resting; like a truck
rumbling by
IV Moderate Felt by people walking 0.015 –
0.039
V Slightly Strong Sleepers awake; church bells ring 0.040 –
0.092 < 4.8
VI Strong Trees sway; suspended objects
swing; objects fall off shelves 0.093 – 0.18 < 5.4
VII Very Strong Mild alarm, walls crack, plaster falls 0.19 – 0.34 < 6.1
VIII Destructive
Moving cars uncontrollable,
masonry fractures, poorly
constructed buildings damaged
0.34 – 0.65
< 6.9
IX Ruinous Some houses collapse, ground
cracks, pipes break open 0.65 – 1.24
X Disastrous
Ground cracks profusely, many
buildings destroyed, liquefaction
and landslides widespread
> 1.24 < 7.3
XI Very Disastrous
Most buildings and bridges
collapse, roads, railways, pipes and
cables destroyed, general triggering
of other hazards
> 1.24 < 8.1
XII Catastrophic Total destruction, trees fall, ground
rises and falls in waves > 1.24 > 8.1
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Studies indicate that there are about 100 potentially active fault lines in Colorado. Over 500 earthquake
tremors of magnitude 2.5 or higher have been recorded across the state since 1870. It is likely that more
earthquakes of similar magnitude occurred during that time, but were not recorded due to low population
densities and limited coverage of sensors across most of the state. For comparison, over 20,500 similarly
sized events have been recorded in the State of California since 1870.
Relative to other western states, Colorado’s earthquake risk is higher than Kansas or Oklahoma, lower
than Utah, and much lower than Nevada and California (Colorado OEM, 2003). Despite Colorado’s lower
earthquake risk, based on geologic observations and characteristics of faults located in the region,
seismologists predict that Colorado will indeed experience a magnitude 6.5 earthquake at some point in
the future.
Earthquakes are extremely difficult to predict and their occurrence rate is determined in one of two ways.
If geologists can find evidence of distinct, datable earthquakes in the past, the number of these ruptures
is used to define an occurrence rate. If evidence of ruptures is not available, geologists estimate fault slip
rates from accumulated scarp heights and estimated date for the oldest movement on the scarp. Because
a certain magnitude earthquake is likely to produce a displacement (slip) of a certain size, we can estimate
the rate of occurrence of earthquakes of that magnitude.
Recurrence rates are different for different assumed magnitudes thought to be “characteristic” of that
fault type. Generally, a smaller magnitude quake will produce a faster recurrence rate, and for moderate
levels of ground motion, a higher hazard risk. Future earthquakes are assumed to be likely to occur where
earthquakes have produced faults in the geologically recent past. Quaternary faults are faults that have
slipped in the last 1.8 million years and it is widely accepted that they are the most likely source of future
large earthquakes. For this reason, quaternary faults are used to make fault sources for future earthquake
models.
5.2.2.2 Previous Occurrences
Earthquakes are relatively infrequent in Colorado and records of historical earthquakes in and around
Weld County are limited. The following Table provides a list of Colorado’s larger earthquakes recorded
since 1870.
Table 26. Notable Earthquake Events in Colorado (1870 – 2015)
Date Location Magnitude Intensity
1870 Pueblo/Ft. Reynolds VI
1871 Lily Park, Moffat County VI
1880 Aspen VI
1882 North central Colorado 6.6* VII
1891 Axial Basin (Maybell) VI
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Date Location Magnitude Intensity
1901 Buena Vista VI
1913 Ridgeway Area VI
1944 Montrose/Basalt VI
1955 Lake City VI
1960 Montrose/Ridgeway 5.5 V
1966 NE of Denver 5.0 V
1966 CO‐NM border, near Dulce, NM 5.5 VII
1967 NE Denver 5.3 VII
1967 NE Denver 5.2 VI
2011 Southwest of Trinidad 5.3 VIII
*Estimated, based on historical felt reports
Source: Colorado Geological Survey
The most economically damaging earthquake in Colorado’s history occurred on August 9th, 1967 in the
Denver metro area. The 5.3 magnitude earthquake caused more than a million dollars of damage in
Denver and the northern suburbs. The August 1967 earthquake was followed by an earthquake of
magnitude 5.2 three months later in November 1967. Although these two earthquake events cannot be
classified as “major earthquakes” they are significant because of their location along the Front Range
Urban Corridor, an area where nearly 75 percent of Colorado residents and many critical facilities are
located. Historically, earthquake risk in Colorado has been rated lower than most subject experts consider
justified. It is critically important that local emergency managers in and around Weld County become fully
aware of the size and consequences of an earthquake that could occur.
5.2.2.3 Inventory Exposed
The most appropriate risk assessment methodology for seismic hazards involves scenario modeling using
FEMA’s Hazus loss estimation software. Hazus is a very useful planning tool because it provides an
acceptable means of forecasting earthquake damage, loss of function of infrastructure, and casualties,
among many other factors. There are three levels of Hazus analysis, from Level 1, which uses the default
FEMA-derived datasets and damage functions, to Level 3, which uses independently compiled and
accurately verified structure and infrastructure inventories and damage functions.
Utilizing Hazus 2.2, FEMA’s loss estimation and hazard modeling software, a detailed earthquake analyses
was conducted for infrastructure within Weld County. The risk assessment leveraged locally managed
inventory, hazard, and terrain data, where available. Hazus is a regional earthquake loss estimation model
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developed by FEMA and the National Institute of Building Science. The primary purpose of Hazus is to
provide a methodology and software application to develop earthquake loss at a regional scale.
The Hazus earthquake scenario modeled a 6.5 event along the Golden Fault, located approximately 20
miles southwest of Weld County. This scenario was used because it represents the “worst case scenario”:
a large earthquake event along the closest quaternary fault to the county. Statewide soil type and
landslide layers were incorporated into the model in order to further refine the results of the analysis.
Ground motion was modeled for the event at each structure point in order to provide building loss
estimates as well as at the census tract level to estimate debris generation and shelter requirements.
Structure point data was leveraged from a previous FEMA losses avoided study that was done in region.
Additional pre-processing was necessary to prepare these points for the countywide analysis in Hazus and
in some cases field assumptions were made based on the standards set forth in FEMA’s regional guidance
as well as the Hazus manuals. It should be noted that point location was not further refined, and FEMA
manually adjusted those points only within their particular areas of interest/analysis. Finally, areas
without an assessed or improved value were removed from the resulting loss estimates as it was assumed
that there was no structure present in these land parcels.
According to the Hazus inventory, there are an estimated 83,377 buildings in Weld County with a total
building replacement value (excluding contents) of $14,457,622,721. Approximately 68% of the buildings
(and 54% of the building value) are associated with residential housing.
5.2.2.4 Potential Losses
In Colorado, earthquakes are considered low probability, high‐consequence events. Although
earthquakes may occur infrequently they can have devastating impacts. Ground shaking can lead to the
collapse of buildings and bridges; disrupt gas, life lines, electric, and phone service. Deaths, injuries, and
extensive property damage are possible vulnerabilities from this hazard. Some secondary hazards caused
by earthquakes may include fire, hazardous material release, landslides, flash flooding, avalanches,
tsunamis, and dam failure. Moderate and even very large earthquakes are inevitable, although very
infrequent, in areas of normally low seismic activity. Consequently, buildings in these regions are seldom
designed to deal with an earthquake threat; therefore, they are extremely vulnerable.
Most property damage and earthquake‐related injuries and deaths are caused by the failure and collapse
of structures due to ground shaking. The level of damage depends upon the amplitude and duration of
the shaking, which are directly related to the earthquake size, distance from the fault, site, and regional
geology. Other damaging earthquake effects include landslides, the down‐slope movement of soil and
rock (mountain regions and along hillsides), and liquefaction, in which ground soil loses shear strength
and the ability to support foundation loads. In the case of liquefaction, anything relying on the substrata
for support can shift, tilt, rupture, or collapse.
For the risk assessment conducted as part of the 2016 Plan, a 6.5-magnitude earthquake scenario with an
epicenter on the Golden Fault was simulated in Hazus. Again, this scenario’s event parameters and
locations were chosen based on pre-existing scenarios outlined by the Colorado Geological Survey. The
Front Range is defined by a 500- to 1,000-m-high, east-facing escarpment called the Golden Fault that is
both a tectonic and erosional feature. The Golden Fault is a quaternary fault that bounds the eastern side
of the Front Range near the town of Golden, adjacent to the Denver Metropolitan Area. The Golden Fault
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was selected as an epicenter because it is the closest proximity quaternary fault to Weld County. The map
below depicts Weld County and the location and magnitude of historical earthquake events in the region.
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Figure 15. Map of Historical Earthquake Epicenters (1962 – 2015) and HAZUS Fault Scenarios
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In the following map, Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) for the Golden Fault scenario is represented as %g.
The Golden Fault model shows relatively low PGA in the eastern part of Weld County as the energy
released from the Golden Fault radiates away from the epicenter. The majority of the high PGA values are
found in southwestern part of the County.
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Figure 16. Map of PGA from Golden Fault Earthquake
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Loss estimates from the Hazus scenario is included in the following Tables and maps. Data summarized
for the scenario includes the following:
Expected building damage (number of structures) by occupancy
Expected building damage (number of structures) by building type
Expected damage to essential facilities (number of structures)
Induced earthquake damages (debris generation)
Social Impacts ( including shelter requirements and casualties)
Expected building loss estimates ($)
Economic Losses and Building Damage
The following Figure provides a map of total economic losses in Weld County projected by the Golden
Fault earthquake scenario. Total economic losses include losses from building/infrastructure damage,
relocation, and business interruption. For the Golden Fault earthquake scenario, the total losses were
estimated to be $ 365,508,236. By far, the largest estimated losses were sustained by the residential
buildings which made up seventy-one percent (71%) of the total economic losses. Spatially, a majority of
the worst loss areas were located in the western, urban portion of the county. Generally, these are areas
which are more densely/highly populated and more closely located to the Golden epicenter. But, the fact
that large damage differences are seen across the western portion of the county show that other factors
are influencing the Hazus loss estimations, most likely dealing with the underlying building stock data.
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Figure 17. Map of Total Economic Losses from Golden Fault Scenario
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Hazus measures direct building economic losses. The direct building losses are the estimated costs to
repair or replace the damage caused to a building and its contents. The following Table details the Hazus
loss estimates for the Golden Fault event.
Table 27. Economic Losses – Golden Fault Scenario (Losses in Millions of Dollars)
Category Single
Family
Other
Residential Commercial Industrial Other Total
Direct Structural
Losses $190.27 $25.85 $70.35 $15.58 $58.55 $360.60
The expected damages in Weld County are defined by the following parameters:
“Slight” damage includes diagonal hairline fractures on most shear wall surfaces and hairline
cracks on most infill walls.
“Moderate” damage includes cracks on most walls and failure of some shear walls.
“Extensive” damage means that most shear wall surfaces in the structure have reached or
exceeded their capacity exhibited by large, through-the-wall diagonal cracks.
“Complete” damage means that the structure has collapsed or is in danger of collapse.
Hazus estimates that about 74,460 buildings in the County will have no damage, 9,199 buildings will be at
least slightly damaged, 1,541 buildings will be at least moderately damaged, 149 buildings will be at least
extensively damaged, and 12 buildings in the County will be completely damaged if a 6.5 earthquake were
to occur on the Golden Fault.
Damages to Critical Facilities/Infrastructure
The Hazus earthquake model also provides estimates relating to the expected damages to and
functionality of the County’s critical facilities and critical infrastructure, as defined by Hazus. The tables
on the following pages detail these estimates.
For the Golden Fault scenario, the following Table provides post-event damage and functionality
estimates for specific types of essential facilities within Weld County. In addition to estimating the number
of facilities what will suffer either moderate or complete damage to over 50% of the structure, the table
shows the number of facilities that will be operating at or over 50% functionality almost immediately after
the earthquake event.
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Table 28. Golden Fault Scenario – Expected Damage to Critical Facilities
Classification Total
# of Facilities
At Least Moderate
Damage >50%
Complete Damage
>50%
With Functionality
>50% on day 1
Assisted Living/Nursing Home/
Group Care Home 18 0 0 18
Auditorium 4 0 0 3
Community Recreation Center 5 0 0 4
Church 153 10 0 140
Day Care Center 23 2 0 16
Fire Stations 34 1 0 34
Government Building 24 1 0 22
Jail – Correction Facility 1 0 0 1
Schools 85 4 0 83
Utility Building 871 12 0 870
Warehouse 7 0 0 7
Debris Generation
Hazus models estimate the amount of debris that will be generated by an earthquake. The Golden Fault
scenario estimates that a total of 359 thousand tons of debris will be generated from that 6.5 magnitude
event. Of the total amount, brick and wood make up 31% of the total, with the remainder of the debris
being reinforced concrete and steel. When the debris tonnage is converted to an estimated number of
truckloads, it will require 14,360 truckloads (@25 tons/truck) to remove the debris generated by the
earthquake.
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Figure 18. Map of Debris Generated from Golden Fault Scenario
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Shelter Requirements
In addition to providing loss estimation and debris models, HAZUS estimates the number of households
that are expected to be displaced from their homes due to an earthquake and the number of displaced
people that will require accommodations in temporary public shelters. The Golden Fault model estimates
that 693 households will be displaced in Weld County due to an earthquake and 457 people will seek
temporary shelter in public shelters. The following map show displaced households at the Census Tract
level for the Golden Fault earthquake scenario. Debris generation and displaced households appear to be
positively correlated.
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Figure 19. Map of Displaced Households – Golden Fault Scenario
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5.2.2.5 Probability of Future Occurrences
Even though the seismic hazard risk in Weld County is low to moderate, it is likely that earthquakes will
occur in the county in the future. It is reasonable to expect future earthquakes as large as magnitude 6.5,
the largest event on record in Colorado. Calculations based on the historical earthquake records and
geological evidence of recent fault activity suggest that an earthquake of magnitude 6 or greater may be
expected somewhere in Colorado every several centuries.
Earthquakes strike with little to no warning and they are capable of having multiple impacts on an area.
After‐effects from an earthquake can include impacted roadways, downed power and communication
lines, fires, and damages to structures (especially poorly built, or those already in disrepair). Earthquakes
are not a seasonal hazard, and thus can be experienced year round. This fact presents its own set of
planning and preparedness concerns.
Ultimately, the probability of an earthquake occurring in Weld County is low. Additionally, if an
earthquake were to occur in the near future it is likely to be of a low magnitude, with expected damages
to property and people to be minimal. History has shown, however, that Weld County and Colorado are
at risk to a larger magnitude seismic event. Should that type of event occur, major damages and losses
should be expected. This fact makes these low probability, high impact hazards a challenge to deal with
when planning a mitigation strategy to combat all hazards faced by a community.
Standard building codes have the opportunity to provide Weld County with reasonable guidance for
development throughout unincorporated and incorporated areas. Contractors and builders should be
aware of applicable codes and regulations designed to reduce losses sustained by new and existing
construction due to seismic hazards.
For example, the light weight of wood frame buildings results in less force from inertia. Less force means
less damage. Wood's natural flexibility also is an advantage when seismic forces are brought to bear and
the nailed joints in wood frame buildings dissipate energy and motion. Wood's inherent earthquake
resistance must be accompanied by design and construction techniques that take advantage of those
characteristics.
Structural wood panels nailed to wall framing add rigid bracing, help resist lateral loads and help tie
framing members together. Bolted connections at the sill plate/foundation joint help keep the structure
in one spot. Securely connected wall, floor, and roof framing also help tie a structure together and make
it a single, solid structural unit. Proper connections will do more to hold a house together during an
earthquake than any other single seismic design element.
As development grows in the County and its municipalities, it will be important for citizens to consult with
local building codes as modern building codes generally require seismic design elements for new
construction.
5.2.2.6 Land Use and Development
With the unpredictable nature of earthquake epicenter locations, it is not feasible to identify specific areas
where development may exacerbate the risk to an earthquake. It should be assumed that all development
increases the risk to the County from the threat of earthquakes. As population and development continue
to expand in Weld County, continued enforcement of the unified construction code has great potential to
mitigate increasing vulnerability and development pressure.
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Earthquakes are relatively uncommon in Weld County and the probability is low that they will occur
regularly in the future. However, if an event was to occur within the county, there is potential for
significant structural damage to occur near the epicenter. Due to the nature of earthquake hazards, areas
in Weld County with high population densities and large numbers of structures and critical facilities are
expected to experience greater damage and loss from an earthquake event. This includes jurisdictions
located primarily in the central western and southwestern portion of the county, such as:
Greeley
Windsor
Johnstown
Evans
Fort Lupton
Communities located in the eastern part of the County, may experience differential impacts from an
earthquake event if transportation or utility infrastructure is damaged and prevents communities from
responding or evacuating.
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5.2.3 Extreme Temperatures
NATURAL HAZARDS PROBABILITY IMPACT SPATIAL
EXTENT
WARNING
TIME DURATION RF
RATING
Extreme Temperatures 0.975 0.475 0.667 0.142 0.300 2.558
HIGH RISK (2.5 or higher)
5.2.3.1 Hazard Identification
Cold temperatures are considered hazardous when they drop well below what is considered normal for
an area during the winter months. Combined with increases in wind speed, such temperatures can be life
threatening to those who are exposed for extended periods of time.
Extreme heat can be described as temperatures that hover 10°F or more above the average high
temperature for a region at least for several weeks. A heat wave is a period of excessive heat, which can
lead to illness and other stress to vulnerable people and those who experience prolonged exposure to the
heat. High humidity, which rarely accompanies heat waves in Weld County, can make the effects of heat
even more harmful. While heat-related illness and death can occur from exposure to intense heat in just
one afternoon, heat stress on the body has a cumulative effect. Consequently, the persistence of a heat
wave increases the threat to public health.
HAZARD PROFILE: Extreme Cold
The majority of Weld County is located in the flat, grass-covered eastern plains – the high plains of the
Great Plains. Summer temperatures on the eastern plains average in the mid-70s °F for July and August.
However, daily minimum and maximum temperatures can vary as much as 40-50 °F. Winters on the
eastern plains are typically dry, cold, and windy. Although snowfall is usually light, winter blizzards do
affect Weld County residents. Average January nighttime low temperatures range from around 10 to 30
°F, with daily highs averaging from the mid-30s to 50°F. Sudden and frequent changes in temperature
occur quite often in Colorado. Prolonged periods of extremely cold or hot weather are unusual; however,
temperatures above 100 °F have occurred as well temperatures below 0 °F.
Extended periods of extreme cold, although infrequent, can occur throughout the winter months in Weld
County. When cold temperatures and wind combine, dangerous wind chills can develop. Wind chill is
how cold it “feels” and is based on the rate of heat loss on exposed skin from wind and cold. As the wind
increases, it draws heat from the body, driving down skin temperature, and eventually, internal body
temperature. This makes the environment feel much colder than the actual temperature.
As depicted in the figure below, the National Weather Service’s Wind Chill Chart shows the difference
between actual air temperature and perceived temperature, as well as the amount of time until frostbite
occurs.
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Figure 20. NOAA Wind Chill Chart
The elderly, young children, the homeless, outdoor laborers, the infirm, and low-income communities are
the most likely to suffer the negative effects of extreme cold. When conditions are appropriate, the
National Weather Service issues wind chill warnings. The table below describes the criteria for these
warnings.
Table 29. National Weather Service Wind Chill Warnings
Warning Description
Wind Chill Watch
Issued by the NWS when there is a chance that wind chill
temperatures will decrease to at least 24°F below zero
during the next 24 to 48 hours.
Wind Chill Advisory
Issued when the wind chill could be life threatening if
action is not taken. The criteria for this advisory are
expected wind chill readings from 15°F to 24°F below zero.
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Wind Chill Warning Issued when wind chill readings are life threatening. Wind
chill readings of 25°F below zero or lower are expected.
Source: NWS
HAZARD PROFILE: Extreme Heat
Extreme heat events are a considerable public health concern and are one of the leading weather-related
killers in the United States. Although extreme heat events can occur in May or September, they are most
common between June and August when above average temperatures are sustained for a prolonged
period. During extended periods of very high temperatures , or high temperatures coupled with high
humidity, individuals can suffer a variety of health problems, including heatstroke, heat exhaustion, heat
syncope, and heat cramps.
The Heat Index measures the severity of hot weather by estimating how hot it feels to humans. By
combining air temperature and relative humidity, the Heat Index is directly related to skin temperature.
The ambient temperature is quantified by examining the relation between relative humidity versus skin
temperature. If the relative humidity is higher (or lower) than the base value, the apparent temperature
is higher (or lower) than the ambient temperature. The following Table outlines the heat disorders
associated with apparent temperature values during extreme heat events.
Table 30. Heat Index and Associated Heat Disorders
Danger Category Heat Disorders
Apparent
Temperature (°F)
I Caution Fatigue possible with prolonged exposure and
physical activity 80-90
II Extreme Caution
Sunstroke, heat cramps, and heat exhaustion
possible with prolonged exposure and physical
activity
90-105
III Danger
Sunstroke, heat cramps, and heat exhaustion
likely; heatstroke possible with prolonged
exposure and physical activity
105-130
IV Extreme Danger Heatstroke or sunstroke imminent >130
Source: NOAA
Like extreme cold events, young children, the elderly, outdoor laborers, low-income families, the
homeless, and the infirm are the most likely to suffer the negative effects of extreme heat. The National
Weather Service initiates alerts based on the Heat Index as shown in the table below.
Table 31. Extreme Heat Warnings
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Intensity Detailed Description
Heat Advisory
Typically between 105°F to 110°F (41°C to 43°C)
for 3 hours or more during the day and at or
above 75°F (24°C) at night.
Excessive Heat Warning Typically above 105°F (41°C) for 3 hours or more
during the day and at or able 80°F (27°C) at night.
Source: National Weather Service
5.2.3.2 Previous Occurrences
Extreme Cold
The State of Colorado experiences winter cold events fairly frequently, although extended periods of sub-
zero temperatures are rare. The NCDC storm database includes winter weather and cold/wind chill
hazards, both of which represent periods of prolonged cold temperatures. The database defines
“significant” extreme cold/wind chill events as periods of extremely low temperatures or wind chill
temperatures reaching or exceeding locally/regionally defined warning criteria on a widespread or
localized basis. The table following table lists the significant winter weather and cold/wind chill events
reported to NCDC for Weld County.
Table 32. Extreme Cold Events in Weld County (1950 – 2015)
Date Event
Type Area Injuries Deaths Property
Damage
Crop
Damage
January
17, 1996
Winter
Storm11
Northeastern, Central, and
Southern Weld County 0 0 0 0
April 13,
1996
Winter
Storm11
Northeastern, Central, and
Southern Weld County 0 0 0 0
December
16, 1996
Winter
Storm11
Northwestern, Northeastern,
Central, and Southern Weld
County
0 0 0 0
11 Winter Storm: A winter weather event which has more than one significant hazard (i.e. heavy snow and blowing
snow; snow and ice; snow and sleet; sleet and ice; or snow, sleet, and ice) and meets or exceeds locally/regionally
defined 12 and/or 24 hour warning criteria for at least one of the precipitation elements, on a widespread or
localized basis. Normally a winter storm would pose a threat to life or property.
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Date Event
Type Area Injuries Deaths Property
Damage
Crop
Damage
December
16, 1996
Cold/Wind
Chill
Northeastern, Central, and
Southern Weld County 0 0 0 0
December
17, 1996
Cold/Wind
Chill
Northeastern, Central, and
Southern Weld County 0 0 0 0
April 23,
1997
Winter
Storm11 Northwestern Weld County 0 0 0 0
March 18,
1998
Winter
Storm11 Northwestern Weld County 0 0 0 0
December
18, 1998
Winter
Storm11
Northeastern and Northwestern
Weld County 0 0 0 0
February
10, 1999
Winter
Storm11
Northwestern, Southern Weld
County, Greeley and Vicinity 0 0 0 0
November
21, 1999
Winter
Storm11 Northwestern Weld County 0 0 0 0
April 10,
2001
Winter
Storm11
Southern, Northwestern,
Greeley and Vicinity 0 0 0 0
April 22,
2001
Winter
Storm11
Northeastern, Northwestern,
Greeley and Vicinity 0 0 0 0
March 1,
2002
Winter
Storm
Northwestern, Central, and
Southern Weld County
0 0 0 0
November
1, 2002
Winter
Storm
Northwestern, Central, and
Southern Weld County 0 0 0 0
November
21, 2003
Winter
Storm Northwestern Weld County 0 0 0 0
January 3,
2004
Winter
Storm
Central and Southern Weld
County 0 0 0 0
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Date Event
Type Area Injuries Deaths Property
Damage
Crop
Damage
January
25, 2004
Winter
Storm
Central and Southern Weld
County 0 0 0 0
April 9,
2004
Winter
Storm Northwestern Weld County 0 0 0 0
November
28, 2004
Winter
Storm Northwestern Weld County 0 0 0 0
February
15, 2005
Winter
Storm Northwestern Weld County 0 0 0 0
March 13,
2005
Winter
Storm
Northwestern, Central, and
Southern Weld County 0 0 0 0
April 10,
2005
Winter
Storm
Northwestern, Northeastern,
Central, and Southern Weld
County
0 0 0 0
April 28,
2005
Winter
Storm Northwestern Weld County 0 0 0 0
December
28, 2006
Winter
Storm
Northwestern, Central, and
Southern Weld County 0 0 $102,000 0
January 5,
2007
Winter
Storm Northwestern Weld County 0 0 0 0
November
20, 2007
Winter
Weather12 Northwestern Weld County 0 0 0 0
December
27, 2007
Winter
Storm
Northwestern, Central, and
Southern Weld County 0 0 0 0
12 Winter Weather Advisory: Issued for a winter weather event in which there is more than one hazard present,
but all precipitation is expected to remain below warning criteria. For example, it would be issued if 2 inches of
snow were expected with a small amount of sleet mixing in at times.
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Date Event
Type Area Injuries Deaths Property
Damage
Crop
Damage
April 9,
2008
Winter
Storm Northeastern Weld County 0 0 0 0
December
4, 2008
Winter
Weather
Northeastern, Central, and
Southern Weld County 0 0 0 0
March 26,
2009
Winter
Storm
Northwestern, Central, and
Southern Weld County 0 0 0 0
March 26,
2009
Winter
Weather Northeastern Weld County 0 0 0 0
March 30,
2009
Winter
Weather
Central and Southern Weld
County 0 0 0 0
April 3,
2009
Winter
Weather Northwestern Weld County 0 0 0 0
October 9,
2009
Winter
Storm
Northwestern and Northeastern
Weld County 0 0 0 0
October 9,
2009
Winter
Weather
Central and Southern Weld
County 0 0 0 0
October
27, 2009
Winter
Storm
Northwestern, Central, and
Southern Weld County 0 0 0 0
November
14, 2009
Winter
Storm
Central and Southern Weld
County 0 0 0 0
December
5, 2009
Winter
Weather Northwestern Weld County 0 0 0 0
December
22, 2009
Winter
Weather
Northwestern, Central, and
Southern Weld County 0 0 0 0
March 19,
2009
Winter
Weather Northwestern Weld County 0 0 0 0
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Date Event
Type Area Injuries Deaths Property
Damage
Crop
Damage
March 23,
2010
Winter
Storm
Northwestern, Central, and
Southern Weld County 0 0 0 0
May 11,
2010
Winter
Weather Northwestern Weld County 0 0 0 0
December
30, 2010
Winter
Weather
Northwestern, Northeastern,
Central, and Southern Weld
County
0 0 0 0
February
1, 2011
Extreme
Cold/Wind
Chill
Northwestern Weld County 0 0 0 0
October
25, 2011
Winter
Storm
Northwestern, Northeastern,
Central, and Southern Weld
County
0 0 0 0
November
1, 2011
Winter
Storm
Northwestern, Central, and
Southern Weld County 0 0 0 0
November
1, 2011
Winter
Weather Northeastern Weld County 0 0 0
December
21, 2011
Winter
Weather
Northwestern, Central, and
Southern Weld County 0 0 0 0
February
2, 2012
Winter
Storm
Northwestern, Central, and
Southern Weld County 0 0 0 0
November
10, 2012
Winter
Weather
Central and Southern Weld
County 0 0 0 0
December
19, 2012
Winter
Weather Northwestern Weld County 0 0 0 0
February
20, 2013
Winter
Weather
Central and Southern Weld
County 0 0 0 0
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Date Event
Type Area Injuries Deaths Property
Damage
Crop
Damage
March 22,
2013
Winter
Storm
Central and Southern Weld
County 0 0 0 0
April 8,
2013
Winter
Storm
Central and Southern Weld
County 0 0 0 0
April 15,
2013
Winter
Storm
Central, Southern,
Northeastern, and
Northwestern Weld County
0 0 0 0
April 22,
2013
Winter
Storm Northwestern Weld County 0 0 0 0
October
17, 2013
Winter
Weather Northwestern Weld County 0 0 0 0
December
3, 2013
Winter
Weather Northwestern Weld County 0 0 0 0
January
30, 2014
Winter
Storm
Northwestern, Central, and
Southern Weld County 0 0 0 0
May 11,
2014
Winter
Storm Northwestern Weld County 0 0 0 0
November
11, 2014
Winter
Weather Northwestern Weld County 0 0 0 0
December
14, 2014
Winter
Weather Northeastern Weld County 0 0 0 0
December
25, 2014
Winter
Storm Northwestern Weld County 0 0 0 0
December
25, 2014
Winter
Weather
Central and Southern Weld
County 0 0 0 0
February
25, 2015
Winter
Weather
Central and Southern Weld
County 0 0 0 0
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Date Event
Type Area Injuries Deaths Property
Damage
Crop
Damage
TOTAL: 0 0 $102,000 0
Source: NOAA, NCDC Storm Events Database; SHELDUS
The first extreme cold/winter weather event reported in Weld County and listed in the NCDC database
was in 1996. The NCDC database indicates that since then there have been 0 injuries and 0 deaths
reported from 65 extreme cold/winter weather events in Weld County. There are most likely additional
extreme cold/winter weather events prior to 1996 that have not been captured by the database
specifically for Weld County.
Understanding the historical frequency of extreme cold temperatures in Weld County assists in
determining the likelihood of future occurrences. The characteristics of past extreme cold and significant
winter weather events provide a benchmark for projecting similar conditions into the future. The
probability that Weld County will experience extreme cold temperatures in the future can be difficult to
quantify, but based on historical record of 65 events since 1996, it can reasonably be assumed that this
type of event has occurred once every year from 1996 through 2015. Historic frequencies suggest that
there is a 100% chance of a hazardous extreme cold/winter weather event will affect Weld County each
year.
Extreme Heat
Data supports a shift towards a warmer climate with an increase in extreme high temperatures across the
United States. The graph below depicts annual statewide mean temperature history for the state of
Colorado from 1895 to 2015. The probability of continued (and more frequent) extreme heat events
across Colorado is supported by the clear upward trend in high temperatures since 1895.
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Source: NOAA
Figure 21. Mean Colorado Temperature Trends (1895 – 2015)
5.2.3.3 Inventory Exposed
Unlike other natural hazards that affect Weld County, extreme temperatures have limited physical
destructive force. However, damages to inventory assets exposed to extreme cold is dependent on the
age of the building, type, construction material used, and condition of the structure. Heavy snow loads
on roofs, particularly large span roofs, can cause roofs to leak or even collapse depending on their
construction. Extremely cold temperatures may cause pipes to freeze and subsequently burst, causing
water damage. During the winter months, freezing temperatures and repeated freeze-thaw events can
cause potholes, which may damage vehicles. Hazardous travel conditions may result if potholes are not
tended to promptly. Frozen pipes, a common occurrence during extreme cold events, can cause service
interruptions in water supply, gas supply, and drainage.
Most likely the greatest issue for critical facilities during significant extreme cold events is the
inaccessibility of such facilities due to poor roadways, utility outages, or dangerous wind chills. During
periods of heavy snow, ice, or blizzards, roads can quickly become impassable, stranding motorists and
isolating communities. Long term road closures during an extended cold period may diminish and
threaten propane and fuel supplies. Possible losses to critical infrastructure include:
Electric power disruption
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Communication disruption
Water and fuel shortages
Road closures
Damaged infrastructure components, such as sewer lift stations and treatment plants
Extended power outages during extreme cold events may make many homes and offices unbearably cold.
Additionally, during extended winter-time power outages, people often make the mistake of bringing
portable generators inside or not venting them properly, leading to carbon monoxide poisoning. With
poor road conditions, sheltering residents may present significant logistical challenges with getting people
to heated facilities, feeding, and providing medical care. These situations, accompanied by stranded
motorists that need to be rescued, represent significant threats to the population of Weld County.
Additional information on construction type and building codes enforced at time of construction would
allow a more thorough assessment of the vulnerability of structures to extreme cold impacts.
Extreme heat can cause pavement of roads and bridges, or railroad tracks, to crack or buckle, resulting in
service disruptions and potentially hazardous travel conditions. The most significant impact of extreme
heat on general building stock and critical facilities within Weld County is the increased demand on air
conditioning equipment. Surges in air conditioning demand can sometimes strain electrical systems and
energy resources. Public utility infrastructure (including electrical generating and conveyance systems)
may become damaged and break down causing localized and/or widespread power outages.
All assets located in Weld County can be considered to be exposed to extreme temperatures. This includes
100 percent of the County’s population and all buildings and critical infrastructure located within the
County. Most structures, including the county’s critical facilities, should be able to provide adequate
protection in the event of an extreme temperature event. Facilities with back-up generators are better
equipped to handle severe weather situation should the power go out. Additionally, public buildings with
cooling systems are ideal shelters for at-risk individuals and families during heat waves.
5.2.3.4 Potential Losses
Although estimated property losses associated with extreme temperature hazards are anticipated to be
minimal across the planning area, extreme heat and cold events do present a significant life and safety
threat to the population of Weld County. Heat casualties are usually caused by lack of adequate air
conditioning and/or heat exhaustion. Extreme heat tends to affect the elderly, infirm, homeless, or low-
income families the most, as these populations frequently live on low fixed incomes and cannot afford to
run air conditioning on a regular basis. These socially vulnerable populations are often isolated, with no
immediate family and/or limited mobility, which makes it more difficult for them to remove themselves
from danger.
Casualties caused by extreme cold events can result from a lack of adequate heating, carbon monoxide
poisoning from unsafe or unventilated heating systems, and frostbite from exposure to the elements.
Again, the most vulnerable populations to extreme cold are the elderly, infirm, homeless, and low-income
families. Often, these individuals do not have access to a heat source or are unable to afford to operate
one on a regular basis.
Because there is no defined geographic boundary for extreme temperature hazards, all of the people and
infrastructure within Weld County are exposed to extreme temperatures. Those with elevated risk and
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potential loss are the homeless, infirm, elderly, and low income families. Given the lack of historical data
and limited likelihood of structural losses in Weld County resulting from extreme heat or cold, and that
placing a dollar amount on the cost of a human life are beyond the scope of the Plan, annualized economic
losses for Weld County due to extreme temperatures are currently considered unquantifiable.
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL DIFFERENCES
Due to the regional nature of extreme temperatures hazards, jurisdictions with higher numbers of socially
vulnerable residents are expected to experience magnified impacts of extreme temperatures. This
includes places with high numbers of elderly residents, low income families and homeless
individuals/outdoor laborers.
The table below shows data related to population vulnerable to extreme temperatures by local
jurisdiction. Based on Census information and knowledge of social vulnerability to hazards, jurisdictions
with high numbers of elderly residents, a high poverty rate and/or large numbers of rental properties can
plan accordingly to provide appropriate services and mitigation assistance during extreme temperature
events.
Table 33. Populations Vulnerable to Extreme Temperatures
Jurisdiction Age: 65 and Over (%) Persons Below Poverty
Level (%)
Renter-occupied
housing units (%)
Colorado 10.9 12.9 34.5
Unincorporated
Weld County 9.5 14.7 30.5
City of Brighton 8.7 8.2 31.2
City of Dacono 9.1 6.0 28.6
Town of Erie 5.7 4.1 17.4
City of Evans 6.1 19.6 41.5
Town of Firestone 5.2 4.5 11.1
Town of Frederick 6.4 7.5 12.5
City of Greeley 10.7 22.9 44.4
Town of Keenesburg 13.7 21.1 30.1
Town of Mead 6.3 4.7 11.7
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Jurisdiction Age: 65 and Over (%) Persons Below Poverty
Level (%)
Renter-occupied
housing units (%)
Town of Milliken 6.8 3.4 21.5
Town of Platteville 9.5 16.0 25.8
Town of Severance 5.3 2.9 9.0
Town of Windsor 10.0 4.8 19.8
Source: DOLA; Census 2010
Weld County has a slightly lower percentage of elderly residents than does the state of Colorado. The
Town of Keenesburg has the highest percentage of people over the age of 65, and the Town of Firestone
has the lowest percentage. The percentage of people living below poverty level in Weld County is higher
than the state of Colorado. The City of Greeley has the highest percentage and the Town of Severance
has the lowest percentage of people living below poverty level. Weld County percent of renter occupied
homes is slightly lower than the State. The City of Greeley has the highest percent and the Town of
Severance has the lowest percent of renter occupied homes. Based on these statistics, Greeley residents
(in general) appear to be more acutely vulnerable to the impacts of extreme temperatures compared to
other communities within Weld County. That said, future mitigation efforts related to extreme
temperature should focus on reaching those residents who are elderly, live in poverty or are homeless, or
are renters.
5.2.3.5 Probability of Future Occurrences
Based on data provided by the NWS and NCDC, it is likely that Weld County will continue to experience
hazardous extreme heat events in the future, and for more prolonged periods of time.
During extreme temperature events, inadequate protection from the elements is especially hazardous. A
combination of more frequent heat waves and changing demographics (e.g. an increase in the elderly
population) is likely to result in higher rates of temperature-related deaths in Weld County. In order to
mitigate the impacts of extreme temperature hazards it is important that the county prioritize outreach
and services to specific populations who are most vulnerable. High-vulnerability groups typically
experience a disproportionate number of health impacts from extreme heat and cold, often due to
physical, social, and economic limitations to adequate participation in mitigation and response activity. In
the context of extreme temperature events, the most vulnerable Weld County residents are:
The elderly (people over 65 years of age)
Infants ( under 1 year old)
The homeless
Low income families
Socially isolated individuals
People with mobility restrictions and/or mental impairments
The infirm
Outdoor laborers
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Although stopping extreme temperature events is impossible, limiting their effect on people and property
in Weld County is feasible. Ongoing mitigation activities should focus on protecting lives and preventing
injuries during periods of extreme heat and cold. This includes, but is not limited to pre-season community
outreach campaigns to educate the public about risks and available support; establishing cooling and
heating centers; reaching out to vulnerable populations and care givers; and issuing advisories and
warnings.
5.2.3.6 Land Use and Development
All future structures built in Weld County will likely be exposed to severe seasonal temperature extremes.
As with other large extent hazards, increased development trends in and around Weld County will
increase the vulnerability of growing areas to extreme heat and cold. Weld County and its jurisdictions
must continue to adhere to building codes to facilitate new development that is built to current standards
to account for future climate extremes. Additionally, as homes go up in more rural parts of the county,
accessing those rural residents will present new emergency management and response challenges should
sheltering or emergency services be needed in an extreme event.
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5.2.4 Flood (including Dam & Levee Failure)
NATURAL HAZARDS PROBABILITY IMPACT SPATIAL
EXTENT
WARNING
TIME DURATION RF
RATING
Flooding 0.875 0.675 0.600 0.242 0.300 2.692
HIGH RISK HAZARD (2.5 AND HIGHER)
5.2.4.1 Hazard Identification
A flood is a naturally occurring event for rivers and streams and occurs when a normally dry area is
inundated with water. Excess water from snowmelt or rainfall accumulates and overflows onto the
stream banks and adjacent floodplains. As illustrated in the figure below, floodplains are lowlands,
adjacent to rivers, streams, and creeks that are subject to recurring floods. Flash floods, usually resulting
from heavy rains or rapid snowmelt, can flood areas not typically subject to flooding, including urban
areas. Additionally, extreme cold temperatures can cause streams and rivers to freeze, causing ice jams
and creating flood conditions.
Figure 22. Floodplain Terminology
Floods are considered hazards when people and property are affected. Nationwide, hundreds of floods
occur each year, making it one of the most common hazards in all 50 states and U.S. territories. Most
injuries and deaths from flooding happen when people are swept away by flood currents and most
property damage results from inundation by sediment-filled water. Fast-moving water can wash buildings
off of their foundations and sweep vehicles downstream. Pipelines, bridges, and other infrastructure can
be damaged when high water combines with flood debris. Basement flooding can also cause extensive
damage. Flooding can cause extensive damage to crop lands and bring about the loss of livestock. Several
factors determine the severity of floods including rainfall intensity and duration, topography, and ground
cover.
Riverine flooding originates from a body of water, typically a river, creek, or stream, as water levels rise
onto normally dry land. Water from snowmelt, rainfall, freezing streams, ice flows, or a combination
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thereof, causes the river or stream to overflow its banks into adjacent floodplains. Winter flooding usually
occurs when ice in the rivers creates dams or streams freeze from the bottom up during extreme cold
spells. Spring flooding is usually the direct result of melting winter snow packs, heavy spring rains, or a
combination of the two.
Flash floods can occur anywhere when a large volume of water flows or melts over a short time period,
usually from slow moving thunderstorms or rapid snowmelt. Because of the localized nature of flash
floods, clear definitions of hazard areas do not exist. These types of floods often occur rapidly with
significant impacts. Rapidly moving water, only a few inches deep, can lift people off their feet, and only
a depth of a foot or two, is needed to sweep cars away. Most flood deaths result from flash floods.
Urban flooding is the result of development and the ground’s decreased ability to absorb excess water
without adequate drainage systems in place. Typically, this type of flooding occurs when land uses change
from fields or woodlands to roads and parking lots. Urbanization can increase runoff two to six times
more than natural terrain. The flooding of developed areas may occur when the amount of water
generated from rainfall and runoff exceeds a storm water system's capability to remove it.
Stream Bank Erosion is measured as the rate of the change in the position or horizontal displacement of
a stream bank over a period of time. It is generally associated with riverine flooding and discharge, and
may be exacerbated by human activities such as bank hardening and dredging.
Ice Jams are stationary accumulations of ice that restrict flow through a waterway. Ice jams can cause
considerable increases in upstream water levels, while at the same time, downstream water levels may
drop. Types of ice jams include freeze up jams, breakup jams, or combinations of both. When an ice jam
releases, the effects downstream can be similar to that of a flash flood or dam failure. Ice jam flooding
generally occurs in the late winter or spring.
Floods from Dam Failure events are typically the result of either hydrologic or structural deficiencies. Dam
failure by hydrologic deficiency is a result of inadequate spillway capacity, which can cause a dam to be
overtopped during large flows into the reservoir. Failure usually occurs when excessive runoff happens
after unusually heavy precipitation events. Large waves generated on reservoirs from landslides, or the
sudden inflow from upstream dam failures, are other potential causes of dam failure by overtopping.
Levees provide strong flood protection; however, they do not eliminate risk because they only reduce the
risk to individuals and structures behind them. Levees are designed to protect against specific, pre-
determined flood levels and are sometimes overtopped during severe weather events. As water passes
over the top of a levee, it sometimes erodes the levee, worsening the flooding and potentially causing a
breach. Levee Failure floods occur when a breach occurs, which may happen gradually or suddenly. The
most dangerous breaches happen quickly. The resulting torrent can quickly inundate a large area behind
the failed levee with little or no warning.
Flooding events are typically measured in terms of magnitude and the statistical probability that they will
occur. The 1% annual chance flood event is the standard national measurement for flood mitigation and
insurance. A 1% annual chance flood, also known as the ‘100-year flood’, has a 1 in 100 chance of being
equaled or exceeded in any 1 year and has an average recurrence interval of 100 years. It is important to
note that this recurrence interval is an average; it does not necessarily mean that a flood of such a
magnitude will happen exactly every 100 years. Sometimes, only a few years may pass between one 1%
annual chance flood and another while two other 1% annual chance floods may be separated by 150
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years. The 0.2% annual chance flood event, or the ‘500-year flood’, is another measurement which
represents a 0.2% chance (or 1 in 500 chance) of occurring in a given year.
According to the NFIP’s Community Information System (CIS) Weld County has been mapped for flood
hazards and participates in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). Details of local jurisdiction
participation status are shown in the table below.
Table 34. Communities Participating in the FEMA NFIP
CID COMMUNITY NAME COUNTY INITIAL FIRM
IDENTIFIED
CURRENT EFFECTIVE
MAP DATE
080266 Weld County Weld County 03/21/1978 09/22/1999
080179 Town of Ault Weld County 05/17/1974 06/04/1987
080236 City of Dacono Weld County 09/05/1975 07/16/1979
080180 Town of Eaton Weld County 05/10/1974 (NSFHA)
080182 City of Evans Weld County 04/05/1974 04/02/1979
080241 Town of Firestone Weld County 09/19/1975 12/18/1979
080183 City of Fort Lupton Weld County 05/31/1974 04/02/1979
080244 Town of Frederick Weld County 09/26/1975 07/13/1982
080213 Town of Gilcrest Weld County 08/22/1975 (NSFHA)
080184 City of Greeley Weld County 03/03/1974 07/16/1979
080249 Town of Hudson Weld County * *
080251 Town of Keenesburg Weld County 09/19/1975 (NSFHA)
080186 Town of La Salle Weld County 05/28/1976 (NSFHA)
080188 Town of Nunn Weld County 08/30/1974 02/01/1979
080189 Town of Pierce Weld County 11/29/1974 11/15/1979
080190 Town of Platteville Weld County 01/16/1976 (NSFHA)
080317 Town of Severance Weld County * 09/22/1999
*Data Not Available
(NSFHA) – No Special Flood Hazard Area
Weld County has a total of 412 NFIP policies. Although Weld County participates in the NFIP, the
community does not participate in the Community Rating System (CRS). CRS is a voluntary program for
NFIP participating communities. The goals of the CRS are to reduce flood damages to insurable property,
to strengthen and support the insurance aspects of the NFIP, and to encourage a comprehensive approach
to floodplain management.
The CRS was developed to provide incentives in the form of insurance premium discounts to communities
that go above and beyond the minimum floodplain management requirements and develop extra
measures to reduce flood risk. There are 10 CRS classes and the classification determines the insurance
premium discount for policy holders. The discounts range from 5% to a maximum of 45%.
Table 35. CRS Premium Discounts
Class Discount Class Discount
1 45% 6 20%
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2 40% 7 15%
3 35% 8 10%
4 30% 9 5%
5 25% 10 --
SFHA (Zones A, AE, A1-A30, V, V1-V30, AO, and AH): Discount varies depending on class.
SHFA (Zones A99, AR/A, AR/AE. AR/A1-A30, AR/AH, and AR/AO): 10% discount for Classes 1-6; 5%
discount for Classes 7-9.*
Non-SFHA (Zones B, C, X, D): 10% discount for Classes 1-6; 5% discount for Classes 7-9.
*In determining CRS premium discount, all AR and A99 Zones are treated as non-SFHAs.
All CRS participating communities start out with a Class 10 rating (which provides no premium discount).
Class 1 requires the most credit points and offers the largest premium discount. Within the CRS program,
there are 18 activities recognized as measures for eliminating local exposure to flooding. Credit points are
assigned to each activity, which have been organized under four main categories:
Public Information
Mapping and Regulation
Flood Damage Reduction
Flood Preparedness
During the hazard mitigation planning process, participating jurisdictions discussed the benefits of joining
CRS. Most communities decided that participating in CRS was not feasible for them at this time but will
consider joining the program in the future.
HAZARD PROFILE
Seasonally, Weld County is confronted with the possibility of flooding and flood-related hazards. Floods
have the potential to inflict tremendous damages with significant losses of life and property. They can
also pose a threat to the health, safety, and welfare of Weld County residents and visitors. Previous
flooding events have caused thousands of dollars in damage in just a few hours or days in the region and
current development and population growth trends necessitate a heightened awareness that the impact
of flooding may likely increase in Weld County over time. The map below depicts the current special flood
hazard areas (SFHA) for Weld County. The SFHA areas span roads, infrastructure, property, and
jurisdictions across the county.
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Figure 23. Map of Weld County Special Flood Hazard Areas
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The type of property damage caused by flood events depends on the depths and velocity of the
floodwaters. Faster moving floodwaters can wash buildings off their foundations and sweep cars
downstream. Pipelines, bridges, and other infrastructure can be damaged when high waters combine with
flood debris. Extensive damage can be caused by basement flooding and landslide damage related to soil
saturation from flood events. Seepage into basements is common during flood events. Most flood damage
is caused by water saturating materials susceptible to loss (e.g., wood, insulation, wallboard, fabric,
furnishings, floor coverings, and appliances). Homes in flooded areas can also suffer damage to septic
systems and drain fields. In many cases, flood damage to homes renders them uninhabitable.
Flood events impact businesses by damaging property and by interrupting business. Flood events can cut
off customer access to a business as well as close a business for repairs or permanently. A quick response
to the needs of businesses affected by flood events can help a community maintain economic vitality in
the face of flood damage. Responses to business damages can include funding to assist owners in elevating
or relocating flood-prone business structures.
During flooding events, homes, businesses, and people face the threat of explosions and fires caused by
leaking gas lines along with the possibility of being electrocuted. Domestic and wild animals forced out
of their homes and brought into contact with humans by floodwaters can also pose a threat. In rural areas,
property damage caused by flooding can be devastating to ranchers and farmers. When flooding occurs
during the growing season, farmers can suffer widespread crop loss. Stock growers may lose livestock if
they are unable to find safety from rising floodwaters. Flooding may also cause damage to pasture land,
fences, barns, and out buildings.
Publicly owned facilities are a key component of daily life for all citizens of the county. Public buildings
are of particular importance during flood events because they house critical assets for government
response and recovery activities. Damage to public water and sewer systems, transportation networks,
flood control facilities, emergency facilities, and offices can hinder the ability of the government to deliver
services. Loss of power and communications can be expected. Drinking water and wastewater treatment
facilities may be temporarily out of operation.
Mitigation against flood events is accomplished through sensible floodplain management and regulations
as well as identifying flood prone areas, tributary watersheds that experience instability or sediment
loading problems, and channel instability hazards. This involves strategies to modify flooding and to
modify infrastructure to decrease the likelihood of damage. To modify the impact of flooding, measures
must be taken to decrease susceptibility to flood damage and disruptions. Natural and cultural resources
must also be protected and managed. Coordination with mitigation plans by Floodplain Managers will
increase effectiveness of flood mitigation projects. City and County Planners will be valuable resources to
incorporate flood mitigation plans into their respective plans.
5.2.4.2 Previous Occurrences
Documentation of flooding in Colorado collected by the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) and the
University of South Carolina’s Hazards and Vulnerability Research Institute (HVRI) goes back to 1950. The
table below provides a history of major flood events that affected Weld County between 1950 and 2014.
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Table 36. Weld County Historical Flood Events (1950 – 2015)
Date Hazard Type Injuries Deaths Property
Damage Crop Damage
8/25/2014 Flood 0 0 $25,000 $25,000
7/29/2014 Flash Flood 0 0 $10,000 $10,000
6/1/2014 Flood 0 0 $250,000 $50,000
5/30/2014 Flash Flood 0 0 $15,000 $10,000
5/25/2014 Flood 0 0 $15,000 $10,000
9/14/2013 Flash Flood 0 0 0 0
9/12/2013 Flood 0 0 $230,000,000 $3,750,000
9/12/2013 Flash Flood 0 0 0 0
9/12/2013 Flash Flood 0 0 0 0
9/11/2013 Flash Flood 0 0 0 0
8/3/2013 Flash Flood 0 0 $50,000 $50,000
9/26/2012 Flash Flood 0 0 $15,000 $10,000
6/7/2012 Flash Flood 0 0 $10,000 $5,000
7/12/2011 Flash Flood 0 0 $50,000 $100,000
6/12/2010 Flash Flood 0 0 $24,000 $50,000
6/11/2010 Flash Flood 0 0 $24,000 $50,000
6/11/2010 Flash Flood 0 0 $24,000 $50,000
5/26/2010 Flash Flood 0 0 $24,000 $250,000
5/25/2009 Flash Flood 0 0 $24,000 $50,000
8/6/2008 Flash Flood 0 0 $50,000 $25,000
8/22/2007 Flash Flood 0 0 $1,000 0
8/2/2007 Flash Flood 0 0 $1,000 0
6/9/2004 Flash Flood 0 0 0 0
7/26/2003 Flash Flood 0 0 0 0
7/13/2001 Flash Flood 0 0 $600,000 0
7/11/2001 Flash Flood 0 0 0 0
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Date Hazard Type Injuries Deaths Property
Damage Crop Damage
6/7/2001 Flash Flood 0 0 0 0
8/17/2000 Flash Flood 0 0 0 0
8/4/2000 Flood 0 0 0 0
7/10/2000 Flood 0 0 0 0
7/19/1999 Flash Flood 0 0 0 0
5/4/1999 Flood 0 0 0 0
5/4/1999 Flood 0 0 0 0
5/1/1999 Flood 0 0 0 0
5/1/1999 Flood 0 0 $200,000 0
4/28/1999 Flood 0 0 0 0
7/4/1998 Flood 0 0 0 0
7/29/1997 Flash Flood 0 0 0 0
7/28/1997 Flash Flood 0 0 0 0
7/27/1997 Flash Flood 0 0 0 0
6/14/1997 Flood 0 0 0 0
6/3/1997 Flood 0 0 0 0
5/24/1997 Flash Flood 0 0 0 0
8/29/1996 Flash Flood 0 0 0 0
8/27/1996 Flood 0 0 0 0
TOTAL: 0 0 $231,412,000 $4,495,000
Source: SHELDUS; NOAA (NCDC Storm Events Database)
The most significant flooding event to collectively impact the State of Colorado occurred during
September 2013. During the week beginning on September 9th, a slow moving cold front circulated over
the state, clashing with warm, humid monsoonal air from the south. While damages are still being
assessed for the 2013 flooding event, NOAA’s National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) Storm Events
Database estimates that Weld County sustained $231 million in property damage and another $4.5
million in crop damage. It should be noted, however, that the 2013 flooding was not a worst-case event
for Weld County.
According to the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) and the University of South Carolina’s HVRI, Weld
County has been impacted by 45 major flood events since 1950. Aggregate loss data for these events is
included in the “Historical Flood Impacts” previous table.
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Repetitive Loss properties (RL) are structures covered by a contract for flood insurance made available
under the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) that: (a) have incurred flood-related damage on two
occasions, in which the cost of repair, on the average, equaled or exceeded 25% of the market value of
the structure at the time of each flood event; and (b) at the time of the second incidence of flood-related
damage, the contract for flood insurance contains increased cost of compliance coverage.
A Severe Repetitive Loss property (SRL) is defined as a residential property that is covered under an NFIP
flood insurance policy and: a) has at least four NFIP claim payments (including building and contents) over
$5,000 each, and the cumulative amount of such claims payments exceeds $20,000; or, b) a property for
which at least two separate claim payments (building payments only) have been made with the
cumulative amount of the building portion of such claims exceeding the market value of the building. For
both a) and b) above, at least two of the referenced claims must have occurred within any ten-year period,
and must be greater than ten days apart.
As of January 2015, there was one severe repetitive loss (SRL) structure located within Weld County. The
single family residence is located in the City of Greeley and is currently in a Zone A (it was in a Zone C in
2010-2011). The property has not undergone any mitigation projects.
Table 37. Severe Repetitive Loss Property - City of Greeley
Date of Loss Building Payment Contents Payment Total
5/31/2014 $8,251.70 $3,047.70 $11,299.40
9/15/2014 $102,217 $102,217.42 $204,434
6/11/2011 $7,333.92 $18,055.11 $25,389.03
6/10/2010 $18,055.11 $1,786.72 $19,841.83
Total $135,857.73 $125,106.95 $260,964.68
Source: Colorado Division of Homeland Security and Emergency Management
Table 38. SRL Structure - City of Greeley Loss Summary
Property Value $374, 702
Cumulative Loss and LAE Paid $219,328
Replacement Cost $329,100
30 Year Savings to the Fund Value $197,948
100 Year Savings to the Fund Value $227,622
Source: Colorado Division of Homeland Security and Emergency Management
The City of Greeley has addressed this property in their 2016 mitigation strategy and has developed a
Mitigation Action Guide to reduce the risk (and cost) associated with flooding of the SRL structure.
5.2.4.3 Inventory Exposed
Utilizing Hazus 2.2, FEMA’s loss estimation and hazard modeling software, a flood risk analysis was
conducted for infrastructure within Weld County. The risk assessment leveraged locally managed
inventory, hazard, and terrain data, where available. Hazus is a regional multi-hazard loss estimation
model developed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the National Institute of
Buildings Sciences (NIBS). The Hazus delineations developed for this Plan were generated using the fully-
automated tools within the software, which use generalized regional regression equations to estimate
flows and normal depth calculations to estimate flood depths.
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The flood scenario modeled the 100 year return event, based on the latest available FEMA DFIRM data.
A flood depth grid was developed utilizing a countywide elevation surface derived from local LIDAR (Post
2013 Colorado Flood Event data) as well as USGS 10 meter national elevation dataset (NED) data. Geo-
processing models built in ArcGIS Modelbuilder and Python were leveraged in order to create the
ground surface mosaic as well as generate the flood depth grid based on the input data.
Hazus floodplain delineations were post-processed to remove artifacts and flow areas less than 0.5 feet
deep. Where Hazus could not determine floodplain delineations, the automated tools within HEC-
GeoRAS were used to generate geometry data that was then used in HEC-RAS to model the floodplain.
Flows used in HEC-RAS were either taken from the Hazus analysis or were developed using the U.S.
Geological Survey's online StreamStats tool to implement the Colorado regional regression equations.
HEC-GeoRAS was used to post-process the HEC-RAS model results and produce floodplain delineations.
The map below shows the flooding threat to critical facilities in Weld County by layering identified
special flood hazard areas (SFHA) with the locations of community-defined critical facilities. Critical
facilities are essential to the health and welfare of the whole population and are especially important
both during and after hazard events. Critical structures or areas that overlap or touch the SFHA are
considered “flood prone.”
In addition to the SFHA boundaries, the flood risk analysis for this Plan integrates DFIRM depth grids, a
digital dataset that shows flood depths at various locations within the floodplain. This enhanced data
input allows Hazus to more accurately approximate floodplain boundaries and their associated flood
depths for a 100-year flood event.
Due to the availability of LiDAR elevation data, as well as complete countywide floodplain coverage, a
detailed depth grid was locally developed for this planning effort. This depth grid was developed by
combining the effective FEMA 100 year floodplains with several Urban Drainage Flood Control District
FHADs (Flood Hazard Area Delineations) that covered the area of analysis. The resulting floodplain
represents the most detailed and temporally accurate depiction of the current flood hazards in Weld
County. A water surface elevation surface was created from the aforementioned floodplains and this
surface was intersected with the most accurate elevation data available (2013 LiDAR and NED data) to
obtain a flood depth surface. The map below shows the SFHA and the associated flood depths within
Weld County generated for the 100-year risk analysis.
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Figure 24. Map of Flooding Threat to Critical Facilities and DFIRM Depth Grid
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The critical facility exposure analysis estimates that there are 55 critical facilities in Weld County that are
flood prone (not including the total miles of flood prone infrastructure). The appraised value of these
exposed structures is approximately $14.5 million.
The tables below summarize the results of the critical facility flood exposure analysis and include
information concerning the appraised value.
Table 39. Flood Prone Critical Areas
CRITICAL FACILITIES TOTAL # OF STRUCTURES # OF FLOOD PRONE STRUCTURES
Utility Buildings 47 15
Government Building 1 0
Warehouse 2 0
Daycare 1 0
Church 3 0
Auditorium 1 0
TOTAL STRUCTURES 55 15
Table 40. Flood Prone Critical Facilities – City and County Facilities
City Facility County Facility
Count Appraised Value Count Appraised Value
Within SFHA 10 $6,161,901 34 $5,676,211
Table 41. Flood Prone Critical Facilities – Community Services
Church
Count Appraised Value
Within SFHA 3 $5,305,952
Total 154 $84,445,802
% Flood Prone < 2% < 6%
5.2.4.4 Potential Losses
The methodology used to determine potential losses to flooding was conducted using FEMA’s Hazus loss
estimation software. For this Plan, a 100-year flood scenario was modeled for the County. The results of
the Hazus assessment are presented below.
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HAZUS 100-YEAR FLOOD SCENARIO
The flood depth grid and the parcel centroid points served as the primary inputs into Hazus. The parcel
centroid points were produced by utilizing parcel and assessor data provided by Weld County GIS. This
data was converted to parcel centroid (point) data and spatially corrected to ensure geographical accuracy
of the points and the associated structures in all areas within the designated 100-year floodplain. In some
cases there were multiple, distinctly different, structures within a single designated parcel. In these cases,
points were generated on top of each individual structure and the total appraised value of the parcel was
divided up equally among the structures. Important attributes such as year built and land use were missing
for many parcels throughout the county. In these cases the average value of the associated census block
was used in the risk assessment.
A 100-year flood scenario was defined in Hazus and losses were calculated for each point that intersected
the depth grid based on the Hazus depth damage curves for specific structure attributes (such as
foundation type, building type, and first flood height). The map below shows the results of the Hazus 100-
year flood scenario economic loss analysis for Weld County.
Future flood risk assessments conducted within Weld County (including Hazus-based assessments) should
ensure that they continue to incorporate additional floodplain data sets that were not able to be fully
utilized as part of the 2016 Plan.
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Figure 25.Total Economic Losses (100-Year Flood Scenario)
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The map of total Economic losses illustrates a clear loss pattern in which damages are clustered around
the most populated areas of the county. These places represent areas where resources and people are
concentrated, making those areas of high potential loss and clear priority areas for focused mitigation
action.
Hazus estimates for Weld County estimate that for a 100-year flood event, approximately 1,163 buildings
will be at least moderately damaged. The total economic loss estimated for the 100-year flood is over $54
million dollars. A number of variables are included in Hazus analyses in order to arrive at the estimated
values of loss due to flooding. For this reason, it is important to note that the Hazus loss estimates detailed
below should not be used as a precise measure, but rather viewed from the perspective of the potential
magnitudes of expected losses.
When calculating building losses Hazus breaks loss values into two categories: direct economic losses and
indirect economic losses. Direct economic losses are the estimated costs to repair or replace the damage
caused to a building and its contents. These values are organized in terms of Building Losses and Building
Content Losses. Indirect economic losses include Inventory Losses and other losses associated with
business interruption and the inability to operate a business because of the damage sustained during the
flood.
The total building losses for the 100-year flood event were estimated to be over $24.4 million. This
represents over 45% of total economic losses from flooding in the county. Building content losses were
estimated to be over $18.4 million, representing roughly 34% of total economic losses from flooding.
Inventory losses were estimated to be over $1.1 million. This represents roughly 21% of total economic
losses due to the 100-year flood modeled in the Hazus scenario.
The table below provides a summary of the economic losses associated with building damage by
jurisdiction. Only those jurisdictions with expected losses are included in the table (unlisted jurisdictions
do not have structures that are expected to sustain damage from the 100-year flood scenario).
Table 42. Economic Loss Estimates by Jurisdiction (Hazus 100-year Flood Scenario)*
Jurisdiction
Total
Building
Count
Number
of
Damaged
Buildings
Building
Losses
Building
Content
Losses
Inventory
Losses Total Losses
Dacono 51 32 $137,830 $33,980 $960 $172,770
Eaton 10 1 $0 $80 $100 $180
Erie 104 104 $1,371,710 $223,980 $151,330 $1,747,020
Evans 162 13 $1,870,170 $649,600 $88,670 $2,608,450
Firestone 31 8 $12,940 $1,760 $0 $14,700
Frederick 36 14 $59,300 $25,570 $27,880 $112,760
Greeley 309 202 $1,301,050 $2,291,910 $1,160,750 $4,753,700
Mead 8 7 $97,600 $10,400 $0 $108,000
Milliken 9 2 $1,820 $3,240 $3,510 $8,580
Nunn 22 12 $176,330 $75,940 $0 $252,270
Pierce 100 49 $600,780 $305,420 $37,290 $943,490
Platteville 22 14 $204,740 $43,350 $0 $248,080
Severance 93 20 $590,630 $563,550 $14,930 $1,169,110
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Jurisdiction
Total
Building
Count
Number
of
Damaged
Buildings
Building
Losses
Building
Content
Losses
Inventory
Losses Total Losses
Windsor 78 66 $927,650 $277,760 $147,350 $1,352,750
Unincorporated 1,165 619 $17,058,930 $13,965,500 $9,551,110 $40,575,540
Total 2,096 1,163 $24,411,480 $18,472,040 $1,118,380 $54,067,400
*Loss estimates have been rounded to the nearest $10
The previous table shows a large range of expected damaged buildings due to a 1% annual chance flood
event. Portions of Greeley were estimated to have over 300 structures damaged. While affecting only
1% of the building stock in that area, the losses still were expected to total over $4.7 million. Evans has
roughly 160 structures estimated to be damaged, with total of 2.6 million dollars. While affecting only
2.4% of the building stock in that area, the losses are still expected to total over $2.6 million.
Loss estimations for some of the less populated jurisdictions in Weld County (Eaton, Firestone, and
Milliken) were all relatively low when compared to the scale of losses estimated for the jurisdictions
mentioned above.
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Figure 26. Structures in the Special Flood Hazard Area
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The tables below summarize potential loss estimates from flooding based on the Hazus 100-year flood
assessment.
Table 43. Inventory Located in SFHA Areas (Current Prelim Data)
Count Total Assessor Building Value
Structures/Parcels 2,170 $203,052,878
Critical Facilities 55 $14,434,308
Table 44. Potential Losses of Inventory, 100-Year Flood Event
Count Estimated Losses
Structures/Parcels 1,363 $54,198,260
Critical Facilities 55 $2,469,806
5.2.4.5 Probability of Future Occurrences
Frequency of previously reported flood events in Weld County provide an acceptable framework for
determining the probability of future flood occurrence in the area. The probability that the County and its
municipalities will experience a flood event can be difficult to predict or quantify. However, based on
historical records of 45 flood events since 1950, it can reasonably be assumed that this type of event has
occurred once every 1.4 years from 1950 through 2015.
Severe flooding has the potential to inflict significant damage to people and property in Weld County.
Mitigating flood damage requires that communities throughout the County remain diligent and notify
local officials of potential flood (and flash flood) prone areas near infrastructure such as roads, bridges,
and buildings. While the potential for flooding is always present, Weld County has existing land-use
policies and regulations for development to help lessen potential damage due to floods.
5.2.4.6 Land Use and Development
As population continues to increase in Weld County, future development trajectories can be expected to
put more people and property, both private and public, at risk of flooding. It is essential that zoning and
land use plans take into account not only the dollar amount of damage that buildings near waterways
could incur, but also the added risk of floodplain development activity that alters the natural flood plain
of the area (for example, narrowing the floodplains by building new structures close to rivers and
streams). The county as a whole should plan for the likelihood of increased exposure of property and
humans to flood events.
Existing floodplain management ordinances are intended to address methods and practices to minimize
flood damage to new and substantial home improvement projects as well as to address zoning and
subdivision ordinances and state regulations. Currently, Weld County is a National Flood Insurance
Program (NFIP) participant and continues to support floodplain management activity at the county and
local scale.
The greatest protection against flooding is afforded by quality construction and compliance with local
ordinances which exceed NFIP requirements. Code adoption by local jurisdictions, compliance by builders,
and local government inspection of new homes can greatly reduce the risk of flooding. Moving forward,
Weld County will continue to support monitoring, analysis, modeling, and the development of decision-
support systems and geographic information applications for floodplain management activities.
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Additionally, jurisdictions within the county should consider participating in the Community Rating System
(CRS).
In addition to land-use planning, zoning, and codes applicable to new development, flood mitigation
measures include structural and non-structural measures to address susceptibility of existing structures.
Flood mitigation measures such as acquisition, relocation, elevation-in-place, wet/dry flood proofing, and
enhanced storm drainage systems all have the potential to effectively reduce the impact of flood in Weld
County.
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5.2.5 HAZMAT
NATURAL HAZARDS PROBABILITY IMPACT SPATIAL
EXTENT
WARNING
TIME DURATION RF
RATING
HAZMAT 0.825 0.600 0.450 0.383 0.225 2.483
MODERATE RISK (2.0 to 2.4)
5.2.5.1 Hazard Identification
A hazardous material (also known as HAZMAT) is defined by the U.S. Department of Transportation as “a
threat that poses an unreasonable risk to health and safety of operating or emergency personnel, the
public, and/or the environment if not property controlled during handling, storage, manufacturing,
processing, packaging, use, disposal, or transportation.”
Hazardous materials are defined and regulated in the United States primarily by laws and regulations
administered by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA), the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), and the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory
Commission (NRC). Each has its own definition of a "hazardous material.”
For the purpose of tracking and managing hazardous materials, the DOT divides regulated hazardous
materials into nine classes:
Table 45. Hazardous Materials -- Classes and Descriptions
Hazard Class Description
Class 1: Explosives
1.1 mass explosion hazard
1.2 projectile hazard
1.3 minor blast/projectile/fire
1.4 minor blast
1.5 insensitive explosives
1.6 very insensitive explosives
Class 2: Compressed Gases
2.1 flammable gases
2.2 non-flammable compressed
2.3 poisonous
Class 3: Flammable Liquids Flammable (flash point below 141°)
Combustible (flash point 141°-200°
Class 4: Flammable Solids
4.1 flammable solids
4.2 spontaneously combustible
4.3 dangerous when wet
Class 5: Oxidizers and
Organic Peroxides
5.1 Oxidizer
5.2 Organic Peroxide
Class 6: Toxic Materials 6.1 Material that is poisonous
6.2 Infectious Agents
Class 7: Radioactive Material
Radioactive I
Radioactive II
Radioactive III
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Hazard Class Description
Class 8: Corrosive Material Destruction of the human skin
Corrode steel at a rate of 0.25 inches per year
Class 9: Miscellaneous
A material that presents a hazard during
shipment but does not meet the definition of
the other classes
Hazardous materials that are being transported must have specific packaging and labeling. Specific safety
regulations also apply when handling and storing hazardous materials at fixed facilities. In general, there
are three recognized sources for HAZMAT incidents within the County: delivery lines, fixed storage
facilities and use locations, and transportation lines. Once a HAZMAT incident occurs, the area impacts
will depend on the nature of the chemical and climate conditions. All areas should be considered at risk.
However, some areas, such as those close to aquifers and other water supplies can expect greater impacts
if a spill occurred in the area.
Transportation of hazardous materials through Weld County happens at all times of day by way of rail,
road, and air. Roadway transport account for the largest amount of hazardous materials moving though
the county. That said, rail cars are able to carry much larger quantities of hazardous materials than trucks
of cars and can be associated with a greater risk.
Title 42, Article 20 of the Colorado Revised Statutes governs the routing of hazardous materials by motor
vehicles on all public roads in the state. CDOT Policy Directive 1903.0 (effective 5/20/2010), and CDOT
Procedural Directive 1903.1 (effective 2/3/2011), govern CDOT’s role in the designation of hazmat routes.
In order to designate a state highway in Colorado as hazmat route, CDOT staff members, local
governments, or private entities must request the Mobility Section of the Division of Transportation
Development to perform an analysis of the route. To perform this analysis the Mobility Section convenes
a “Hazmat Advisory Team” to determine if the proposed route meets the required criteria. If the required
criteria are met and approved by the Transportation Commission, CDOT will file a petition with the
Colorado State Patrol for approval. Once the Colorado State Patrol approves the petition, the route is
designated a hazmat route.
The required criteria that the route must meet before it is brought before the Transportation Commission
are as follows:
The route(s) under consideration are feasible, practicable, and not unreasonably expensive for
such transportation.
The route(s) is continuous within a jurisdiction and from one jurisdiction to another.
Weld County’s 2035 Transportation Plan summarizes existing transportation conditions including
current hazardous materials routes. “Weld County has significant oil well activity,” states the 2035 Plan.
“As a result, trucks carrying oil well production utilize nearly every road in the county.” In November
2010, the Weld County Board of County Commissioners passed a Resolution designating all county
roads to be considered “local pick-up and delivery” truck routes for oil production purposes.
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The route(s) does not unreasonably burden interstate or intrastate commerce.
The route(s) designation is not arbitrary or intended by the petitioner merely to divert the
transportation of hazardous materials to other communities.
The route(s) designation will not interfere with the pickup or delivery of hazardous materials.
The route(s) designation is consistent with all applicable state and federal laws and regulations;
and
The route(s) provides greater safety to the public than other feasible routes. Considerations
include but are not limited to:
o AADT, crash and fatality rates
o Population within a one-mile swath of each side of the highway
o Locations of schools, hospitals, sensitive environmental areas, rivers, lakes, etc.
o Emergency response capabilities on the route
o Condition of the route, i.e., vertical and horizontal alignment, pavement condition, level
of access to the route, etc.
Troop 8-C is the Hazardous Materials Section of the
Colorado State Patrol. Their mission is to contribute to the
safety of hazardous materials transportation in order to
protect citizens and the environment. Twenty-eight
troopers trained a Hazardous Materials Technicians are
deployed throughout the state.
Local Hazardous Materials Response Teams (most often housed in local fire departments and fire
protection districts) are the designated emergency response authority for hazardous substance incidents
in all areas of Weld County except on highways, where the State Patrol has jurisdiction.
For security reasons, it is not within the scope of this plan to map the locations of all industrial and
commercial fixed sites.
The following CDOT map shows the state’s designated nuclear, hazardous materials, and gasoline, diesel
fuel, and liquid petroleum gas routes, many of which pass through the western portion of Weld County.
Colorado State Patrol
Hazardous Materials Unit
(303) 273-1900
http://csp.state.co.hazmat.html
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Figure 27. Colorado Hazardous and Nuclear Materials Route Restrictions
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5.2.5.2 Previous Occurrences
Based on data collected by the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration’s (PHMSA)
Incident Reports Database, there have been a total of 219 HAZMAT incidents reported in Weld County
between 1972 and 2015. The large majority of these incidents occurred while the materials were moving
along a highway (either in transit, loading, or unloading).
Figure 28. A Semitrailer carrying hazardous materials rolled off a ramp and crashed in Greeley (Source:
Greeley Fire Department, May 13, 2015)
5.2.5.3 Inventory Exposed
We can’t accurately predict when or where a HAZMAT incident may occur. Therefore, for the purpose of
this plan, all existing and future buildings, facilities, and populations in Weld County are considered to be
equally exposed and could potentially be impacted. This includes 57,180 people, or 100% of the County’s
population, and all buildings and infrastructure within the County.
When hazardous materials are being transported they are particularly vulnerability to transportation
related accidents, misuse, or terrorist threats. Most hazardous materials are transported in large
quantities in order to reduce costs and security is difficult to maintain around moving vehicles that cross
jurisdictional boundaries. When transported close to populated areas or critical infrastructure, HAZMAT
releases can have serious consequences. The inventory that is most often exposed to HAZMAT risks are
railways, roadways, and fixed facilities that contain hazardous materials, and all assets that lie within a
mile of the potential release areas.
5.2.5.4 Potential Losses
HAZMAT related events occur throughout Weld County every year. The intensity and magnitude of these
incidents depend on weather conditions, the location of the event, the time of day, and the process by
which the materials are released. Was it raining when the event happened? Were the hazardous materials
being transported by rail when they were released or were they at a fixed facility? Did the spill happen
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during rush hour traffic or in the middle of the night? All of these considerations matter when determining
the risk and potential damages associated with a HAZMAT incident.
HAZMAT events have the potential to threaten lives and disrupt business activity. Moreover, HAZMAT
incidents can cause serious environmental contamination to non-renewable resources such as air, ground,
and water sources.
5.2.5.5 Probability of Future Occurrences
As with most hazards that have limited spatial predictability or warning time, the probability of future
occurrences of HAZMAT events is difficult to predict. However, as development continues to encroach
into existing industrial areas and becomes more dense along high-risk designated hazardous materials
transportation routes, the risk of future occurrences becomes greater. Even if the frequency of HAZMAT
spills remains the same over time, population growth will increase the probability of a disaster event.
5.2.5.6 Land Use and Development
As Weld County continues to experience population growth and development over time, it is anticipated
that there will be increased exposure to potential life loss, injuries, and environmental damage resulting
from a hazardous materials incident. Serious considerations must be made concerning land use and
regulations as increasing development pressures push residential and commercial investment closer to
railways and identified hazardous and nuclear materials routes.
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5.2.6 Land Subsidence
NATURAL HAZARDS PROBABILITY IMPACT SPATIAL
EXTENT
WARNING
TIME DURATION RF
RATING
Land Subsidence 0.600 0.400 0.300 0.267 0.200 1.767
LOW RISK (1.9 or lower)
5.2.6.1 Hazard Identification
Land Subsidence describes any depressions, cracks, and/or sinkholes in the earth’s surface which can
threaten people and property. Causes of subsidence include, but are not limited to, the removal or
reduction of sub-surface fluids (water, oil, gas, etc.), mine subsidence, and hydro compaction. Of these
causes, hydro compaction and mine subsidence usually manifest as localized events, while fluid removal
may occur either locally or regionally.
Land subsidence can occur rapidly due to a sinkhole or the collapse of an underground mine, or during
major earthquakes. Subsidence can also take place slowly, becoming evident over the time span of many
years. Soils that tend to collapse and settle are those characterized by low-density materials that shrink
in volume when they become wet and/or are subjected to weight from development. Subsidence events,
depending on their location, can pose significant risks to health, safety, and local agricultural economies
and interruption to transportation, and other services.
There are hundreds of abandoned underground coal mines scattered throughout Colorado that present
potential subsidence hazards to structures and surface improvements. The Colorado Geological Survey
(CGS) operates the Colorado Mine Subsidence Information Center (MSIC) which is the repository for all of
the known existing maps of inactive or abandoned coal mines in the state. Subsidence tends to be
problematic along the Colorado Front Range, Western Slope, and in the central mountains near Eagle and
Garfield Counties.13 Based on data provided by CGS, there are a number of undermined areas within south
western Weld County that are more vulnerable to subsidence. The following Figure presents a map
identifying the locations within Weld County that have potential for subsidence due to historical mining
activity.
13 2013 Colorado Natural Hazards Mitigation Plan
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Figure 29. Map of Undermined Areas in Weld County
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The map of undermined areas shows areas of historic (pre-1970s) coal and clay mining activity and
potentially undermined areas throughout Weld County. The dataset was developed from multiple sources
and digitized by the Colorado Geological Survey in 2008 and presents a spatial view of potential risk.
5.2.6.2 Previous Occurrences
Reliable, county-specific historical records of land subsidence events in the State of Colorado is sparse.
That said, the Colorado Geological Survey (CGS) has been researching land subsidence in Colorado for
over two decades. In addition to publishing regional susceptibility maps and GIS datasets, the CGS has also
compiled a series of case histories that describe select land subsidence events across the state.
Out of the five case histories highlighted on the CGS “Geologic Hazards” resource site, two are located in
Weld County.
Table 46. CGS Land Subsidence Case Histories – Weld County
Location Event Summary
Erie, CO
January 2009 - A large subsidence hole was reported at a residence near the corner of a
horse barn. The property owners reported the hole opened up overnight and a fence and
gate had been destroyed by the event. The hole measured roughly 25 feet by 25 feet by
15 feet deep and was filled with water. Because of the nature of the opening and the
proximity to livestock and human activities, the event was considered a subsidence
emergency and was backfilled by the Abandoned Mine Lands program
Erie, CO
December 2008 - A large subsidence hole in a field west of Erie was reported. The hole
was about 50 feet in diameter and 35 feet deep before being filled with water. The field
where the hole appeared was under consideration for annexation by the town for future
residential development. A geophysical investigation conducted 3 months prior did not
show any evidence of voids in the area. The hole was located outside of the mined area
shown on the mine map indicating that the mine map was inaccurate. During the
mitigation process, a secondary subsidence pit of smaller dimensions was found directly
west of the original hole. Both holes were backfilled by the Abandoned Mine Lands
program.
Source: CGS, 2015
As a general rule of thumb, land subsidence occurrence can be expected where it has occurred in the past.
For this reason, the County may benefit from developing a reporting system and database for tracking
land subsidence events.
5.2.6.3 Inventory Exposed
A structure may be at risk to the impacts of land subsidence if it is located over or close to an undermined
area. Therefore, an important first step in determining exposure at a specific location is to determine if
the area is undermined or near an area where underground mining took place. The map below identifies
the locations within Weld County that have elevated potential for subsidence due to historical mining
activity and development activity. Most of the undermined areas within Weld County that are vulnerable
to subsidence are located in the south western portion of the county. This is an area of the county where
both development and population are growing rapidly. Impacted communities include Erie, Dacono, and
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Frederick. As population growth brings new development into available land in the south western portion
of the county, more inventory assets may become exposed to subsidence hazards.
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Figure 30. Structures and Parcels Located in Undermined Areas
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Figure 31. Critical Facilities Located in Undermined Areas
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5.2.6.4 Potential Losses
The following table summarizes the potential losses associated with land subsidence events in Weld
County. Structures and parcels within high risk areas, as well as critical facilities, have been identified and
their collective value quantified.
Table 47. Summary of Structures and Critical Facilities in Areas at High Risk of Land Subsidence
Count Total Assessor Building Value
Structure/Parcels 6,009 $525,412,110
Critical Facilities 29 $28,067,056
The risk analysis indicates that Weld County has relatively high exposure to land subsidence, primarily
because of the location of historically undermined areas in relation to urban development and population
growth. Not only have there been previous land subsidence events reported in the county, CGS data of
at-risk areas shows a number of areas of historical undermining in the county, many of which intersect
with critical facilities, largely populated areas, and future development areas.
5.2.6.5 Probability of Future Occurrences
Due to the lack of identified subsidence occurrences and uncertainty associated with existing data, it is
challenging to calculate any type of probability for future events. It can be assured however, that
subsidence will continue to slowly alter the landscape of Weld County going forward.
In areas where climate change results in decreased precipitation in the summer months and reduced
surface-water supplies, communities are often forced to pump more ground water to meet their needs.
In Colorado, the major aquifers are composed primarily of compressed clay and silt, soil types that are
prone to compact when ground-water is pumped. In the past, major land subsidence has occurred in
agricultural settings where ground-water has been pumped for irrigation. It is probable that the eastern
and south western region of Weld County will experience more frequent land subsidence hazards over
time as a result of local climate change. It is important that Weld County consider future mitigation actions
that will address this hazard, particularly in rapidly growing areas.
5.2.6.6 Land Use and Development
As the population of Weld County grows, there is a possibility that some development will encroach into
identified subsidence hazard areas. These hazards include the potential for sagging ground, sinkholes, and
the collapse of mine shafts that have not been adequately closed. Any of these hazards can cause damage
to property, structures, transportation infrastructure, utility lines, and in some cases, can threaten human
life. Only a few inches of differential settlement beneath a structure could cause many thousands of
dollars of damage. It is important that subsidence risk data is considered in the designs and plans of future
development proposals.
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5.2.7 Prairie Fire
NATURAL HAZARDS PROBABILITY IMPACT SPATIAL
EXTENT
WARNING
TIME DURATION RF
RATING
Prairie Fire / Wildfire 0.900 0.550 0.467 0.383 0.208 2.508
HIGH RISK (2.5 or higher)
5.2.7.1 Hazard Identification
Prairie Fires (also known as wildfires) are defined as unwanted or unplanned wildland fires. They include
unauthorized human caused fires, escaped prescribed burn projects, and all other wildland fires where
the objective is to put the fire out.
Prairie fires are fueled by natural ground cover, including native and non‐native species of trees, brush
and grasses, and crops along with weather conditions and topography. While available fuel, topography,
and weather provide the conditions that allow fires to spread, most fires are caused by people through
criminal or accidental misuse of fire.
Prairie fires pose serious threats to
human safety and property in Weld
County. They can destroy crops,
timber resources, recreation areas,
and critical wildlife habitat. Prairie
fires are commonly perceived as
hazards in the western part of the
state; however, they are a growing
problem in the wildland-urban
interfaces of eastern Colorado,
including communities within Weld
County.
Prairie fire behavior is dictated in
part by the quantity and quality of
available fuels. Fuel quantity is the
mass of material per unit area. Fuel
quality is determined by a number of factors, including fuel density, chemistry, and arrangement.
Arrangement influences the availability of oxygen surrounding the fuel source. Another important aspect
of fuel quality is the total surface area of the material that is exposed to heat and air. Fuels with large
area‐to‐volume ratios, such as grasses, leaves, bark and twigs, are easily ignited when dry.
Climatic and meteorological conditions that influence prairie fires include solar insulation, atmospheric
humidity, and precipitation, all of which determine the moisture content of wood and leaf litter. Dry spells,
heat, low humidity, and wind increase the susceptibility of vegetation to fire. Additional natural agents
can be responsible for igniting fires, including lightning, sparks generated by rocks rolling down a slope,
friction produced by branches rubbing together in the wind, and spontaneous combustion.
Figure 32. Prairie Fire near Weld County
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Arson and accidents, including sparks from equipment and vehicles, can also cause prairie fire. Human‐
caused fires are typically worse than those caused by natural agents. Arson and accidental fires usually
start along roads, trails, streams, or at dwellings that are generally on lower slopes or bottoms of hills and
valleys. Nurtured by updrafts, these fires can spread quickly uphill. Arson fires are often set deliberately
at times when factors such as wind, temperature, and dryness contribute to the spread of flames.
HAZARD PROFILE
Local impacts from prairie fire events include the following:
Loss of life (human, livestock, wildlife)
Damage to municipal watersheds
Loss of property
Evacuations
Transportation interruption (closing
highways)
Reductions in air quality and human health
Injuries – burns, smoke inhalation, etc.
Coal seam or other energy facility ignitions
Loss of vegetation (erosion, loss of forage
and habitat for livestock and wildlife)
Expense of responding (equipment,
personnel, supplies, etc.)
Loss of revenue from destroyed recreation
and tourism areas
Predicting the intensity of a prairie fire, its rate of spread, and its duration are important for wildfire
mitigation activity, response, and firefighter safety. Listed below are the three key factors affecting prairie
fire behavior in the Wildland Urban Interface (WUI). Very often, however, the only factor that a
community can have direct influence over is fuel.
1. Fuels: The type, density, and continuity of surrounding vegetation and, sometimes, flammable
structures, that provide fuel to keep a wildfire burning. Fuels consist of combustible materials
and vegetation (including grasses, leaves, ground litter, plants, shrubs, and trees) that feed a fire.
2. Weather: Relative humidity, wind, and temperatures all affect wildfire threat and behavior.
3. Topography: The steepness and aspect (direction) of slopes, as well as building-site locations, are
features that affect fire behavior.
Wildfires are often rated based on their ability of their fuels to ignite. Descriptions for the commonly used
“Fire Danger Rating” system are listed below:
Low: Fuels do not ignite readily from small firebrands. However, an intense heat source, such as
lightning, may start fires in duff or rotted wood. Fires in open grasslands may burn freely for a few
hours after rain, but wood fires spread slowly by creeping or smoldering, and burn in irregular
fingers. There is little danger of spotting.
Moderate: Fires can start from most accidental causes, with the exception of lightning. Fires in
open grasslands will burn briskly and rapidly on windy days. Timber fires spread slowly to
moderately fast. The average fire is of moderate intensity, although heavy concentrations of fuel
may burn hot. Short‐distance spotting may occur. Fires are not likely to become serious and
control is relatively easy.
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High: All fine dead fuels ignite readily and fires start easily from most causes. Unattended brush
and campfires are likely to escape. Fires spread rapidly and short‐distance spotting is common.
High‐intensity burning may develop on slopes or in concentrations of fine fuels. Fires may become
serious and their control difficult unless they are attacked successfully while small.
Extreme/Very High: Fires start easily from all causes and immediately after ignition, spread
rapidly and increase quickly in intensity. Spot fires are a constant danger. Fires burning in light
fuels may quickly develop intensity characteristics such as long‐distance spotting and fire
whirlwinds when they burn into heavier fuels.
For the purpose of prairie fire mitigation strategy development, this Plan divides the various land use
types within Weld County into four categories: cultivated agricultural land, forested land, grazing land,
and miscellaneous. Cultivated agricultural lands include both irrigated and non-irrigated crop land.
Typically, this category of land has very dynamic burning characteristics and seasons. Crops and dormant
stands located on Weld County’s cultivated agricultural land can both serve as fuel for wildfires. What
makes agricultural land unique is the dynamic nature of the fuel locations and seasons of availability.
These factors add to the challenge of wildfire suppression and mitigation.
In the context of the Weld County landscape, forested land includes the riparian forest, windbreaks,
shelterbelts, living snow fences, and urban forests. Much of the forested land in Weld County occurs along
rivers, seasonal water courses, lakes, and ponds. Other forested lands include farmsteads and urban
areas. Here, trees are often planted near homes and outbuildings, which contribute to elevated wildfire
risk. In addition to the trees, forested lands include a surface cover of dry brush and grasses, which are
primary fuel sources for rapidly moving fires.
Grazing lands are primarily made up of sandhill steppe and prairie landscapes. Sandhill steppe is a
combination of mixed grasses and sage, and is widely used for livestock grazing. Fuel loads on grazing
lands are moderate to heavy and large fires have occurred with this fuel type during springtime wind
events. In some areas within Weld County livestock grazing maintains a rather sparse fuel load.
Miscellaneous areas include transportation right of ways, fence lines, disturbed areas, and other locations
that contain grasses, tumbleweeds, wild sunflowers, and other vegetation.
Long-term regional weather patterns in Colorado have followed a cyclical pattern of wet years
(characterized by average to high precipitation levels for the region), followed by a series of drought years
(characterized by below average precipitation levels). During wet years, the typical fire season is from
March through November. During drought years, the fire season in Colorado has been as long as a full
year.
Before discussing wildland fire risk in Weld County, a key wildfire management term must first be defined.
The term ''wildland-urban interface", or WUI, is widely used within the wildland fire management
community to describe any area where manmade buildings are constructed close to or within a boundary
of natural terrain and fuel, where high potential for wildland fires exist. Communities are able to establish
the definition and boundary of their local WUI, and the boundaries often help in meeting local
management needs. WUIs can include both public and private land, and can help improve local access to
funding sources.
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“Wildfire Risk” represents the possibility of loss or harm occurring from a wildfire. For the purpose of this
Plan, risk has been derived by combining “Wildfire Threat” and “Fire Effects.” Fire Effects is comprised of
several inputs that identify damaged assets. These inputs include the following: information on where
people live (derived from 2012 LandScan data from Colorado), Colorado forest assets, riparian assets, and
drinking water assets. The following Wildfire Risk map identifies areas with the greatest potential impacts
from a prairie fire, in other words, those areas most at risk. The highest wildfire risk areas in the county
are located in the west, in areas where there are higher population densities or concentrations of
structures.
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Figure 33. Map of Prairie Fire Risk
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As was discussed previously, understanding the location of people living in the wildland-urban interface
(WUI) is essential for defining potential wildfire impacts to people and homes. The WUI Risk analysis
provides a rating of the potential impact of a wildfire on people and their homes. The key input, the WUI,
reflects housing density (houses per acre).
To calculate WUI risk, WUI housing density data was combined with response function data. Response
functions are a method of assigning a net change in the value of a resource or asset based on its
susceptibility to fire at various intensity levels (such as flame length). The response functions were defined
by a team of experts led by Colorado State Forest Service mitigation planning staff. By combining these
data sets it is possible to determine where the greatest potential impact to homes and people are likely
to occur in Weld County.
The following Figure shows the various levels of WUI Risk within Weld County. The range of values is from
-1 to -9, with -1 representing the least negative impacts and -9 representing the most negative impact.
For example, areas with high housing density and high flame lengths are rated -9, while areas with low
housing density and low flame lengths are rated -1. Understandably so, the Map of WUI Risk shows a
number of high risk areas concentrated around densely populated parts of the county. Like the Wildfire
Risk and Threat analyses, Wildland-Urban Interface Risk was calculated in the 2013 Colorado State Hazard
Mitigation Plan using the same methodology. This allows for comparison and ordination to be made across
the state.
Wildfires can occur at any time of day and during any month of the year. Moreover, the length of a wildfire
season and/or peak months may vary appreciably from year to year. As evidenced by the wildfire risk
map, areas within Weld County that are characterized by dense development and single family homes
along the wildland-urban interface are most vulnerable to wildfire. The jurisdictions with the highest WUI
Risk Index rating include areas of Erie, Hudson, Firestone, Frederick, Windsor, Greeley, and portions of
unincorporated Weld County.
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Figure 34. Map of Wildland-Urban Interface Risk
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Reported prairie fires in Weld County over the past ten years provide an acceptable framework for
determining the future occurrence in terms of frequency for such events. The probability of the County
and its municipalities experiencing a wildfire associated with damages or loss can be difficult to quantify,
but based on historical record of 81 wildfires since 1986 that have either caused damages to buildings and
infrastructure or resulted in burned acreage, it can reasonably be assumed that a wildfire event has
occurred in Weld County more than 2 times a year between 1986 and 2013.
5.2.7.2 Previous Occurrences
Based on data provided by NOAA’s NCDC Storm Events Database, there has been one prairie fire with
reported damages in Weld County in recorded history.
Date Event Location Damages Details Data Source
09/12/2010 Wildfire Northwestern
Weld County $1,500,000 --
NOAA, NCDC
Storm Events
Database
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5.2.7.3 Inventory Exposed
Fires can extensively impact the economy of an affected area, including the agricultural, recreation and
tourism industries, water resources, and the critical facilities upon which Weld County depends. The
following figure shows structures and parcels located in the County’s highest risk class.
Figure 35. Weld County -- Prairie Fire Risk Index, Structure Exposure
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Table 48. Structures and Critical Facilities in Moderate Risk Areas of Weld County
Count Total Assessor Building Value
Structures/Parcels 2,323 $ 412,889,083
Critical Facilities 5 $60,027,204
Source: Colorado State Forest Service
5.2.7.4 Potential Losses
Currently, the best method for estimating wildfire loss is by identifying the value of structures and assets
located in the wildland urban interface. The exposure data provided in the previous section (Inventory
Assets Exposed) provides the clearest picture of potential losses to wildfire in Weld County.
5.2.7.5 Probability of Future Occurrences
Recent wildfires and brush fires across Colorado have forced school closures, disrupted telephone services
by burning fiber optic cables, damaged railroads and other infrastructure, and adversely affected tourism,
outdoor recreation, and hunting. The likelihood of one of those fires attaining significant size and intensity
is unpredictable and highly dependent on environmental conditions and firefighting response. Weather
conditions, particularly drought events, increase the likelihood of wildfires occurring. That said, it is
important to note that 98% of wildfires are human‐caused. Ultimately, the occurrence of future wildfire
events will strongly depend on patterns of human activity and events are more likely to occur in wildfire‐
prone areas experiencing new or additional development.
5.2.7.6 Land Use and Development
Future development is an important factor to consider in the context of wildfire mitigation because
development and population growth can contribute to increased exposure of people and property to
wildfire. During the past few decades, population growth in the Weld County WUI has increased greatly.
Subdivisions and other high-density developments have created a situation where wildland fires can
involve more buildings than any amount of fire equipment can possibly protect. As development in Weld
County expands into wildland areas, people and property are increasingly at risk.
By identifying areas with significant potential for population growth and/or future development in high-
risk areas, communities can identify areas of mitigation interest and reduce hazard risks associated with
increased exposure.
Wildfire mitigation in the wildland-urban interface has primarily been the responsibility of property
owners who choose to build and live in vulnerable zones. In practice, successful wildfire mitigation
strategies can be quite involved. The most important aspect of successful suppression is disruption of the
continuity of fuels, achieved by creating breaks or defensible areas. For interface fires, where homes and
other structures fill the space, fuel reduction is best accomplished before the fires begin.
Safety zones can be created around structures by reducing or eliminating brush, trees, and vegetation
around a home or facility. FEMA recommends using a 30-foot safety zone; including keeping grass below
2 feet tall and clearing all fallen leaves and branches promptly. Additionally, only fire-resistant or non-
combustible materials should be used on roofs and exterior surfaces. Firebreaks -- areas of inflammable
materials that create a fuel break and reduce the ability for fires to spread over roads and pathways -- can
be planned and designed to serve as wildfire mitigation.
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5.2.8 Public Health Hazards
NATURAL HAZARDS PROBABILITY IMPACT SPATIAL
EXTENT
WARNING
TIME DURATION RF
RATING
Public Health Hazards 0.625 0.625 0.550 0.192 0.283 2.275
MODERATE RISK (2.0 – 2.4)
5.2.8.1 Hazard Identification
Public health hazards, including epidemics and pandemics, have the potential to cause serious illness and
death, especially among those who have compromised immune systems due to age or underlying medical
conditions. There are several contagious and infectious diseases present in the Denver Metro Region that
constitute a public health risk. Emergency Support Function 8 (ESF 8) of the State Emergency Operations
Plan provides an organizational framework for public health and medical service preparedness, response,
and recovery efforts for various emergency epidemics. During the 2016 planning process, pandemic flu
was identified as the key public health hazard in the county. This hazard risk assessment includes an
analysis of pandemic flu risk in Weld County and an analysis of the impacts of the hazards profiled in this
plan on public health.
A pandemic can be defined as a disease that attacks a large population across great geographic distances.
Pandemics are larger than epidemics in terms of geographic area and number of people affected.
Epidemics tend to occur seasonally and affect much smaller areas. Pandemics, on the other hand, are
most often caused by new subtypes of viruses or bacteria for which humans have little or no natural
resistance. Consequently, pandemics typically result in more deaths, social disruption, and economic loss
than epidemics.
According to data from the Colorado Reportable Disease Statistics (CDPHE) database, Influenza viruses
represent the most common cause of hospitalization due to disease in Weld County. Seasonal influenza
(often referred to as the flu) is a common infection that affects large numbers of people in Colorado every
year. Influenza is an acute respiratory disease caused by influenza type A or B viruses. The typical features
of seasonal influenza include abrupt onset of fever and respiratory symptoms such as cough, sore throat,
as well as headache, muscle ache, and fatigue. For seasonal influenza, the incubation period ranges from
1 to 4 days and the clinical severity of infection can range from asymptomatic infection to primary viral
pneumonia and death. Most people experience influenza as a very-uncomfortable but ultimately benign
illness. However, the influenza virus can mutate, causing it to be much more dangerous to humans. Yearly
seasonal influenza remains a significant disease in the U.S. and Colorado, and seasonal epidemics can
result in high morbidity and mortality, as well as create strains on the health care system and
communities.
Unlike influenza viruses that have achieved ongoing transmission in humans, the sporadic human
infections with avian A (H5N1) viruses are far more severe with high mortality. Initial symptoms include
high fever and other influenza-like symptoms. It also appears that the incubation period in humans may
be longer for avian (H5N1) viruses, ranging from 2 to 8 days, and possibly as long as 17 days. Diarrhea,
vomiting, abdominal pain, chest pain, and bleeding from the nose and gums have also been reported. The
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disease often manifests as a rapid progression of pneumonia with respiratory failure ensuing over several
days.
With the increase in global transport, as well as urbanization, epidemics due to new influenza viruses are
likely to occur in and around Weld County. A new flu virus, which eventually became known as H1N1,
came to the world’s attention in March 2009. The symptoms of pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza were
similar to those of seasonal influenza. Illness in most cases was mild but there were cases of severe
disease requiring hospitalization and a number of deaths. The initial experience with the emerging
pandemic of H1N1 prompted the World Health Organization (WHO) to redefine their phase descriptions
for an influenza pandemic.
The six-phase approach was designed for the easy incorporation of recommendations into existing
national and local preparedness and response plans. Phases 1—3 correlate with preparedness in the pre-
pandemic interval, including capacity development and response planning activities, while Phases 4—6
signal the need for response and mitigation efforts during the pandemic interval.
Pre-Pandemic Interval
In nature, influenza viruses circulate continuously among animals (primarily birds). Even though such
viruses might develop into pandemic viruses, in Phase 1 no viruses circulating among animals have been
reported to cause infections in humans.
Phase 1 is the natural state in which influenza viruses circulate continuously among animals but
do not affect humans.
In Phase 2 an animal influenza virus circulating among domesticated or wild animals is known to have
caused infection in humans, and is thus considered a potential pandemic threat.
Phase 2 involves cases of animal influenza that have circulated among domesticated or wild
animals and have caused specific cases of infection among humans.
In Phase 3 an animal or human-animal influenza virus has caused sporadic cases or small clusters of
disease in people, but has not resulted in human-to-human transmission sufficient to sustain community-
level outbreaks. Limited human-to-human transmission may occur under some circumstances, for
examples, when there is close contact between an infected person and an unprotected caregiver. Limited
transmission under these circumstances does not indicate that the virus has gained the level of
transmissibility among humans necessary to cause a pandemic.
Phase 3 represents the mutation of the animal influenza virus in humans so that it can be
transmitted to other humans under certain circumstances (usually very close contact between
individuals). At this point, small clusters of infection have occurred.
Pandemic Interval
Phase 4 is characterized by verified human to human transmission of the virus able to cause “community-
level outbreaks.” The ability to cause sustained disease outbreaks in a community marks a significant
upward shift in the risk for a pandemic.
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Phase 4 involves community-wide outbreaks as the virus continues to mutate and become more
easily transmitted between people (for example, transmission through the air)
Phase 5 is characterized by verified human to human spread of the virus into at least two countries in one
World Health Organization (WHO) region. While most countries will not be affected at this stage, the
declaration of Phase 5 is a strong signal that a pandemic is imminent and that the time to finalize the
organization, communication, and implementation of the planned mitigation measures is short.
Phase 5 represents human-to-human transmission of the virus in at least two countries
Phase 6, the pandemic phase, is characterized by community-level outbreaks in at least one other country
in a different WHO region in addition to the criteria defined in Phase 5. Designation of this phase will
indicate that a global pandemic is underway.
Phase 6 is the pandemic phase, characterized by community-level influenza outbreaks.
Zoonotic Diseases
Zoonotic diseases are diseases that can be spread through animals and humans. These diseases can be
caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi that are carried by animals and insects.
5.2.8.2 Previous Occurrences
Public health hazards can manifest as primary events by themselves, or they may be secondary to another
disaster or emergency, such as a flood, a severe storm, or a hazardous materials incident. The common
characteristic of most public health emergencies is that they adversely impact, or have the potential to
adversely impact, a large number of people.
The Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment releases an annual reportable disease
summary for each county. The events with the highest incidences in Weld County between 2010 and 2014
are summarized in the table below.
Table 49. Colorado Reportable Disease Statistics (CDPHE), Weld County
Year
Disease 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total
ANIMAL BITES 49 36 40 86 38 249
CAMPYLOBACTER 81 86 51 80 56 354
CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS 26 12 4 9 5 56
GIARDIASIS 26 13 6 10 11 66
HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE 5 4 2 6 2 19
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Year
Disease 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total
HEPATITIS B, CHRONIC 27 26 23 18 7 101
HEPATITIS C, CHRONIC 107 111 87 89 100 494
INFLUENZA-hospitalized 5 77 57 145 200 484
KAWASAKI SYNDROME 6 2 5 5 - 18
MENINGITIS ASEPTIC/VIRAL 18 10 42 38 13 121
PERTUSSIS 10 5 - 94 183 292
SALMONELLOSIS 28 25 43 45 33 174
SHIGELLOSIS 10 8 41 6 3 68
STEC (shiga toxin producing
E.coli) 10 10 6 14 8 48
STREP PNEUMO INVASIVE 29 32 17 22 24 124
VARICELLA(CHICKEN POX) 14 12 11 14 12 63
WEST NILE VIRUS 18 - - - - 18
Total: 469 469 435 691 705 2,749
Source: Division of Disease Control and Environmental Epidemiology, CDPHE
Chronic Hepatitis C and hospitalizations from influenza represent the largest disease incidence in Weld
County between 2010 and 2014.
5.2.8.3 Inventory Exposed
The information in the table below is from the Impact Analysis of Potential for Detrimental Impacts of
Hazards for the Emergency Management Accreditation Program (EMAP). The following table explains
possible impacts to various subjects due to public health emergencies.
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Table 50. Impacts to Subjects Impacted by Public Health Emergencies
Subject Detrimental Impacts
Health and Safety of Persons in the Area as the
Time of Incident
Adverse impacts are expected to be severe for
unprotected personnel and moderate to light for
protected personnel.
Health and Safety of Persons Responding to the
Incident
Adverse impacts are expected to be severe for
unprotected personnel and uncertain for trained and
protected personnel, depending on the nature of the
incident.
Continuity of Operations
Danger to personnel in the area of the incident may
require relocation of operations and lines of succession
execution.
Property, Facilities, and Infrastructure
Access to facilities and infrastructure in the area of the
incident may be denied until decontamination is
complete.
Delivery of Services
Stress on resources and facilities due to increased
volume and demand may overwhelm and/or
extensively postpone delivery of services.
The Environment Incident may cause denial or delays in the use of some
areas.
Economic and Financial Condition Local economy and finances may be adversely affected,
possibly for an extended period of time.
Regulatory and Contractual Obligations
Regulatory waivers may be needed. Fulfillment of
contracts may be difficult. Demands may exceed the
ability to deliver.
Reputation of, or Confidence in, Management
and Response Authorities
Ability to respond and recover may be questioned and
challenged if planning, response, and recovery are not
timely and effective.
5.2.8.4 Potential Losses
FluWorkLoss 1.0 is a tool developed by the CDC to estimate the potential impact of pandemic influenza
on a community in terms of cost. Based on local demographic data, the tool allows communities to
estimate the potential number of days lost from work due to a pandemic. Users of FluWorkLoss can
change input values, such as the number of workdays lost due to a worker staying come to care for a
family member. Users can also change the length and virulence of the pandemic so that a range of possible
impacts can be estimated.
Days missed from work cost both employees (in lost wages) and employers (in work not completed). The
following table shows the total estimated number of days lost from work in Weld County due to a four-
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week long influenza pandemic with a 25% clinical attack rate. The available workdays are calculated as a
product of the total population in the working age group (Census 2010), the employment rate of Weld
County (Census 2010), and the number of workdays in a week (5).
Table 51. Total Workdays Lost
Scenario Workdays Lost
Most Likely Scenario 101,558
Minimum Loss Scenario 86,341
Maximum Loss Scenario 124,609
Source: FluWorkLoss 1.0, CDC
The number of workdays lost includes the workdays lost for both self-care and care of sick family members
due to the pandemic. Although the workdays lost do not include those lost due to factors such as fear and
school closings, the model does provide a general picture of the impact on the productivity of the local
economy due to an influenza pandemic. Results are estimated to create three scenarios of pandemic
impact: the minimum (the best case scenario), which estimates the fewest possible number of
hospitalizations/outpatient visits/deaths (i.e., the fewest possible days lost from work); the mean (the
most likely scenario); and the maximum (the worst case scenario), which estimates the largest number of
hospitalizations/outpatient visits/deaths (i.e., the largest possible number of days lost from work).
The following graph shows the proportion of workdays lost for each day of the modeled influenza
outbreak for the three loss scenarios. Again, the scenario assumes a four-week long pandemic with a 25%
clinical attack rate.
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Source: Census 2010, CDC
Figure 36. Proportion of Workdays Lost due to Pandemic Influenza
The numbers and projections generated through FluWorkLoss are not considered predictions of what will
happen during an influenza pandemic. Rather, the results should be treated as estimates of what could
happen.
5.2.8.5 Probability of Future Occurrences
Climate change threatens to increase the spread of infectious diseases because changing heat, rain, and
humidity levels allow disease carrying vectors and pathogens to come into closer contact with humans.
Climate change has the potential to expand the habitats and infectivity of disease-carrying insects and
rodents, thus increasing the risk of disease transmission. For example, mosquitoes capable of transmitting
West Nile virus are already present in Colorado. If Colorado’s climate becomes warmer, mosquito
populations could swell, making the region more favorable for disease transmission.
Hantavirus is another infectious disease that may pose a higher risk to Weld County residents in the future.
Deer mice are the primary reservoir for Hantaviruses and climate change (warmer weather) plays a role
in elevated seasonal deer mouse populations.
Based on historical record of 2,749 recorded diseases in Weld County since 2010, public health hazards
have affected Weld County residents and visitors more than once every year from 2010 through 2014.
The historic frequency suggests that there is a 100% chance of some type of public health hazard will
affect Weld County every year.
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
1 8 15 22Proportion of workdays lostDays of outbreak
Proportion of work days lost in Weld County due to
Pandemic Influenza
Most likely Minimum Maximum
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5.2.8.6 Land Use and Development
Future development in and around Weld County has the potential to change how infectious diseases
spread through the community and impact human health in both the short and long term. New
development may increase the number of people and facilities exposed to public health hazards and
greater population concentrations (often found in special needs facilities and businesses) put more people
at risk. During a disease outbreak those in the immediate isolation area would have little to no warning,
whereas, the population further away in the dispersion path may have some time to prepare and mitigate
against disease depending on the hazard, its transmission, and public notification.
Due to the nature of public health hazards, jurisdictions within Weld County with higher numbers of
vulnerable individuals are expected to be impacted to a greater extent than others. In the context of public
health hazards, the most vulnerable members of the Weld County community are:
The elderly (people over 65 years of age)
Children (under 5 years old)
The infirm
The following table highlights a number of key pandemic vulnerability factors in Weld County
jurisdictions.
Table 52. Pandemic Vulnerability Factor Data
Jurisdiction Age: 5 and Under (%) Age: 65 and Over (%) Persons Below
Poverty Level (%)
Colorado 6.8 10.9 12.9
Unincorporated Weld County 7.9 9.5 14.7
City of Brighton 8.6 8.7 8.2
City of Dacono 9.2 9.1 6.0
Town of Erie 9.6 5.7 4.1
City of Evans 9.5 6.1 19.6
Town of Firestone 10.2 5.2 4.5
Town of Frederick 9.5 6.4 7.5
City of Greeley 7.8 10.7 22.9
Town of Keenesburg 6.2 13.7 21.1
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Jurisdiction Age: 5 and Under (%) Age: 65 and Over (%) Persons Below
Poverty Level (%)
Town of Mead 7.3 6.3 4.7
Town of Milliken 9.6 6.8 3.4
Town of Platteville 8.0 9.5 16.0
Town of Severance 10.0 5.3 2.9
Town of Windsor 7.3 10.0 4.8
Although communities located in the eastern region of Weld County are less populated than many
communities located to the west, the largely agricultural area is more susceptible to the impacts of health
hazards that affect livestock and plants. In these communities, the spread of a highly destructive livestock
disease or plant pest/disease could have devastating consequences to the local economy and
environment. Early detection and a rapid response to a pest or disease infestation are critical to limiting
the economic, social, and environmental impacts of such an incident.
One of the key responsibilities of the Animal Health Division, a branch of the Colorado Department of
Agriculture, is to prepare for, control, and mitigate livestock disease outbreaks. The division has a number
of preparedness and response plans for the various livestock sectors in Colorado.
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5.2.9 Severe Storm (Including Hail, Lightning & Winter Storm)
NATURAL HAZARDS PROBABILITY IMPACT SPATIAL
EXTENT
WARNING
TIME DURATION RF
RATING
SEVERE STORM 1.100 0.750 0.717 0.317 0.250 3.133
HIGH RISK (2.5 and higher)
5.2.9.1 Hazard Identification
Severe storms can occur during any season in Weld County. Lightning strikes can all be hazardous under
the right conditions and locations. Large hail can damage crops, dent vehicles, break windows, and injure
or kill livestock, pets, and people. Snow storms can take down trees and damage property and
infrastructure.
Thunderstorms affect relatively small areas when compared with the size of typical winter storms.
Despite their small size, all thunderstorms are dangerous. The typical thunderstorm is 15 miles in
diameter and lasts an average of 30 minutes. Of the estimated 100,000 thunderstorms that occur each
year in the United States, about 10 percent are classified as severe. The National Weather Service
considers a thunderstorm severe if it produces hail at least 3/4 inch in diameter, winds of 58 MPH or
stronger, or a tornado. Every thunderstorm needs three basic components: (1) moisture to form clouds
and rain, (2) unstable air which is warm air that rises rapidly, and (3) lift, which is a cold or warm front
capable of lifting air to help form thunderstorms.
Lightning, although not considered severe by the National Weather Service definition, can accompany
heavy rain during thunderstorms. Lightning develops when ice particles in a cloud collide with other
particles. These collisions cause a separation of electrical charges. Positively charged ice particles rise to
the top of the cloud and negatively charged ones fall to the middle and lower sections of the cloud. The
negative charges at the base of the cloud attract positive charges at the surface of the Earth. Invisible to
the human eye, the negatively charged area of the cloud sends a charge called a stepped leader toward
the ground. Once it gets close enough, a channel develops between the cloud and the ground. Lightning
is the electrical transfer through this channel. The channel rapidly heats to 50,000 degrees Fahrenheit
and contains approximately 100 million electrical volts. The rapid expansion of the heated air causes
thunder.
The following Figure depicts average cloud-to-ground lightning incidence in the US (or lightning flash
densities) between 1997 and 2012.
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Figure 37. Average Lightning Flash Density in the U.S.14
Although the state of Colorado ranks 32nd in terms of its cloud-to-ground lightning flash densities between
1997-2012, the state ranks 2nd in the country in terms of death rate from lightning per million people
(between 2003 - 2012). Colorado’s lightning death rate per million people from 2003-2012 is 0.51, second
only to the state of Wyoming.
The following figure shows lightning flash densities for the State of Colorado for the years 1994 through
2014. Produced by National Weather Service, using data from Vaisala, the image is the result of contouring
over 8 million cloud-to-ground lightning flashes for the State of Colorado and averaging annually. The
result of the analysis is a picture of average lightning flashes/km2 per year from 1994 through 2014 (the
year 2000 was not included in the dataset).
14 Source: http://www.lightningsafety.noaa.gov/statistics.htm
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Figure 38. Colorado Lightning Flash Density Map
In general, the flash density map shows a wide range of values across the State of Colorado, ranging from
less than 0.5 flashes/year/km2 over the south central portion of the state to over 6.5 flashes/year/km2
over the east central part of the state. The higher density of lightning flashes located in the central area
of the state is driven by the topography of the area. Where the higher terrain of the Plains intersects with
the Rocky Mountains conditions are ripe for lightning events. Here, moist air from lower altitudes initiates
and sustains convection systems as they move off of the mountain slopes, generating thunderstorms.
Hail is precipitation that is formed when updrafts in thunderstorms carry raindrops upward into extremely
cold areas of the atmosphere. The super cooled raindrops grow into balls of ice, which pose a hazard to
property, people, livestock, and crops when they fall back to the earth.
Severe winter weather can cause hazardous driving conditions, communications and electrical power
failure, community isolation, and can adversely affect business continuity. This type of snow-related
weather may include one or more of the following winter factors:
Winter storms can include blizzards, heavy snow, ice storms, and extreme cold.
Blizzards as defined by the National Weather Service, are a combination of sustained winds or frequent
gusts of 35 mph or greater and visibilities of less than a quarter mile from falling or blowing snow for 3
hours or more. A blizzard, by definition, does not indicate heavy amounts of snow, although they can
happen together. The falling or blowing snow usually creates large drifts from the strong winds. The
reduced visibilities make travel, even on foot, particularly treacherous. The strong winds may also support
dangerous wind chills. Ground blizzards can develop when strong winds lift snow off the ground and
severely reduce visibilities.
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Heavy snow, in large quantities, may fall during winter storms. Six inches or more in 12 hours or eight
inches or more in 24 hours constitutes conditions that may significantly hamper travel or create hazardous
conditions. The National Weather Service issues warnings for such events. Smaller amounts can also
make travel hazardous, but in most cases, only results in minor inconveniences. Heavy wet snow before
the leaves fall from the trees in the fall or after the trees have leafed out in the spring may cause problems
with broken tree branches and power outages.
Ice storms develop when a layer of warm (above freezing), moist air aloft coincides with a shallow cold
(below freezing) pool of air at the surface. As snow falls into the warm layer of air, it melts to rain, and
then freezes on contact when hitting the frozen ground or cold objects at the surface, creating a smooth
layer of ice. This phenomenon is called freezing rain. Similarly, sleet occurs when the rain in the warm
layer subsequently freezes into pellets while falling through a cold layer of air at or near the Earth’s
surface. Extended periods of freezing rain can lead to accumulations of ice on roadways, walkways, power
lines, trees, and buildings. Almost any accumulation can make driving and walking hazardous. Thick
accumulations can bring down trees and power lines.
Extreme Cold, in extended periods, although infrequent, could occur throughout the winter months in
Weld County. Heating systems compensate for the cold outside. Most people limit their time outside
during extreme cold conditions, but common complaints usually include pipes freezing and cars refusing
to start. When cold temperatures and wind combine, dangerous wind chills can develop. Additional
information pertaining to extreme cold can be found in the Extreme Temperatures section of the Plan.
5.2.9.2 Previous Occurrences
Hail
According to the best available data there are no reported injuries, deaths, or crop damage in Weld County
due to hail. There have been 500 hail events reported in Weld County. Of the 500 incidents, 10 reported
property loss. The events with loss to property in Weld County between 1991 and 2004 are summarized
in the table below. Based on the historic data showing hazardous impacts on the county, there is a great
potential for hail events to occur at any given time.
Table 53. Historic Hail Events reporting loss in Weld County
Date Location Hail Size Diameter (in) Damage to Property
5/16/1991 Unincorporated Weld County 1.00 $4,000
5/31/1994 City of Greeley 0.75 $4,000
7/16/1994 Town of Windsor 1.25 $5,000
7/16/1994 Town of Eaton 2.50 $5,000
7/16/1994 Town of Eaton 2.00 $5,000
7/24/1994 Unincorporated Weld County 2.00 $3,000
7/24/1994 Unincorporated Weld County 1.75 $4,000
7/31/1996 Unincorporated Weld County 0.75 $200
6/23/1997 City of Greeley 1.50 $3,100
8/10/2004 Town of Eaton 2.00 $2,000
Total: $35,300
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Figure 39. Weld County – Historical Hail Events
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Lightning
According to the best available data there was 1 reported death, 4 injuries, $1,044,000 worth of
property damage, and $26,000 worth of crop damage in Weld County due to lightning events between
1996 and 2010. The events are summarized in the table below. Based on the historic data showing
hazardous impacts on the county, there is a great potential for lightning events to occur at any given
time, especially during the summer months when county residents are likely to be working and playing
outdoors.
Table 54. Lightning Strikes in Weld County*
Date Location Injury Death Damage to
Property
Damage to
Crops
6/4/1996 GREELEY 0 0 $50,000 $0
6/8/1996 LA SALLE 0 0 $1,000 $0
6/22/1996 GREELEY 0 0 $0 $0
6/25/1996 GREELEY 0 0 $0 $6,000
7/23/1996 EATON 0 0 $0 $0
7/23/1996 EATON 0 0 $0 $0
7/8/1997 ROGGEN 0 0 $100,000 $0
5/22/1998 FT LUPTON 0 0 $0 $0
9/20/1998 WINDSOR 0 0 $0 $0
7/27/1999 HUDSON 0 0 $100,000 $0
4/20/2000 WINDSOR 0 0 $200,000 $0
5/17/2000 WINDSOR 0 0 $0 $0
5/17/2000 GREELEY 0 0 $0 $0
7/10/2000 HUDSON 0 0 $0 $0
8/4/2000 GREELEY 0 0 $0 $0
7/10/2001 GREELEY 0 0 $40,000 $0
6/1/2002 NEW RAYMER 0 0 $0 $0
6/1/2002 BRIGGSDALE 1 0 $0 $0
4/17/2003 GREELEY 0 0 $0 $0
7/6/2004 EVANS 0 0 $0 $0
7/30/2004 MILLIKEN 0 0 $0 $0
5/25/2009 LUCERNE 2 0 $0 $0
6/5/2009 EVANS 0 1 $0 $0
6/18/2009 GREELEY 1 0 $0 $0
9/20/2010 KERSEY 0 0 $0 $10,000
9/20/2010 KERSEY 0 0 $0 $10,000
Total: 4 1 $1,044,000 $26,000
*Source: NOAA; NCDC Storm Events Database
Winter Storm
According to the best available data there was no reported injury, no deaths, $102,000 worth of property
damage, and no crop damage in Weld County due to winter storm events between 1996 and 2014. The
table below shows the history of “significant” winter storms and blizzards in Weld County since 1996.
“Significant” winter storm, winter weather, and blizzard events are included in the NCDC Storm Events
Database if the event has more than one significant hazard (i.e., heavy snow and blowing snow; snow and
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ice; snow and sleet; sleet and ice; or snow, sleet, and ice) and meets or exceeds locally/regionally defined
twelve or twenty-four hour warning criteria for at least one of the precipitation elements on a widespread
or localized basis. According to data there have been at least two to three significant winter storm events
recorded in Weld County each year.
Table 55. Historic Winter Storms in the Weld County
Date Location Event Type Injuries Deaths Damage to
Property
Damage
to Crops
1/17/1996 C & S WELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
1/17/1996 NE WELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
4/13/1996 C & S WELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
4/13/1996 NE WELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
12/16/1996 NW WELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
12/16/1996 C & S WELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
12/16/1996 NE WELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
4/23/1997 NW WELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
3/18/1998 NWWELD COUNTIES Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
12/18/1998 NE WELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
12/18/1998
NE WELD COUNTIES / NW
WELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
2/10/1999 NW WELD COUNTIES Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
2/10/1999
S WELD
COUNTY/GREELEY AND
VICINITY
Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
11/21/1999 NWWELD COUNTIES Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
4/10/2001
SWELD COUNTY/GREELEY
AND VICINITY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
4/10/2001 NW WELD COUNTIES Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
4/22/2001
S WELD
COUNTY/GREELEY AND
VICINITY
Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
4/22/2001 NW WELD COUNTIES Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
4/22/2001 NEWELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
3/1/2002 C & S WELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
3/1/2002 NW WELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
11/1/2002 C & S WELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
11/1/2002 NW WELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
11/21/2003 NW WELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
1/3/2004 C & S WELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
1/25/2004 C & S WELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
4/9/2004 NW WELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
11/28/2004 NW WELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
2/15/2005 NW WELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
3/13/2005 NW WELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
3/13/2005 C & S WELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
4/10/2005 NE WELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
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Date Location Event Type Injuries Deaths Damage to
Property
Damage
to Crops
4/10/2005 NW WELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
4/10/2005 C & S WELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
4/28/2005 NW WELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
12/28/2006 NW WELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
12/28/2006 C & S WELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 $102,000 0
1/5/2007 NW WELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
12/27/2007 C & S WELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
12/27/2007 NW WELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
4/9/2008 NE WELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
3/26/2009 C & S WELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
3/26/2009 NW WELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
10/9/2009 NW WELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
10/9/2009 NE WELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
10/27/2009 C & S WELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
10/27/2009 NW WELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
11/14/2009 C & S WELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
3/23/2010 NW WELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
3/23/2010 C & S WELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
10/25/2011 NW WELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
10/25/2011 NE WELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
10/25/2011 C & S WELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
11/1/2011 NW WELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
11/1/2011 C & S WELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
2/2/2012 NW WELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
2/2/2012 C & S WELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
3/22/2013 C & S WELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
4/8/2013 C & S WELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
4/15/2013 NE WELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
4/15/2013 NW WELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
4/15/2013 C & S WELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
4/22/2013 NW WELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
1/30/2014 C & S WELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
1/30/2014 NW WELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
5/11/2014 NW WELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
12/25/2014 NW WELD COUNTY Winter Storm 0 0 0 0
Total: 0 0 $102,000 0
Source: NOAA; NCDC Storm Events Database
5.2.9.3 Inventory Exposed
All assets located in Weld County can be considered at risk from severe storms. This includes 57,180
people, or 100% of the County’s population, and all buildings and infrastructure within the County.
Damages primarily occur as a result of high winds, lightning strikes, hail, snow-loading, and flooding. Most
structures, including the County’s critical facilities, should be able to provide adequate protection from
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hail but the structures could suffer broken windows and dented exteriors. Those facilities with back-up
generators are better equipped to handle severe weather situation should the power go out.
5.2.9.4 Potential Losses
Severe storms affect the entire planning area of Weld County and its jurisdictions including all above-
ground structures and infrastructure. Although losses to structures are typically minimal and covered by
insurance, there can be impacts with lost time, maintenance costs, and contents within structures. A
timely forecast may not be able to mitigate the property loss, but could reduce the casualties and
associated injuries.
It appears possible to forecast these extreme events with some skill, but further research needs to be
done to test the existing hypothesis about the interaction between the convective storm and its
environment that produces the extensive swath of high winds. Severe storms will remain a highly likely
occurrence for Weld County. It is likely that lightning and hail will also be experienced in the area due to
such storms.
5.2.9.5 Probability of Future Occurrences
Severe winter storms can be predicted with a reasonable level of uncertainty. Through the identification
of various indicators of weather systems, and by tracking these indicators, warning time for snow storms
can be as much as a week in advance. Understanding the historical frequency, duration, and spatial
extent of severe winter weather assists in determining the likelihood and potential severity of future
occurrences. The characteristics of past severe winter events provide benchmarks for projecting similar
conditions into the future. The probability that Weld County will experience a severe winter storm event
can be difficult to quantify. However, based on historical records and frequencies there is nearly a 100%
chance this type of event will occur somewhere in Weld County at least once every year.
5.2.9.6 Land Use and Development
All future structures built in Weld County will likely be exposed to severe weather extremes and damage.
Since the previous statement is assumed to be uniform countywide, the location of development does
not increase or reduce the risk necessarily. Weld County and its jurisdictions must adhere to building
codes, and therefore, new development can be built to current standards to account for adverse weather.
Additionally, as homes go up in more remote parts of the county, accessing those rural residents may
become impossible should sheltering or emergency services be needed in an extreme event.
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5.2.10 Straight-Line Winds & Tornadoes
NATURAL HAZARDS PROBABILITY IMPACT SPATIAL
EXTENT
WARNING
TIME DURATION RF
RATING
Straight-Line Winds
&Tornadoes 0.975 0.800 0.750 0.392 0.167 3.083
HIGH RISK (2.5 and higher)
5.2.10.1 Hazard Identification
Tornadoes in Colorado are most often generated by thunderstorm activity when cool, dry air intersects
and overrides a layer of warm, moist air forcing the warm air to rise rapidly. The damage caused by a
tornado is a result of high wind velocities and wind-blown debris. According to the National Weather
Service, tornado wind speeds can range between 30 to more than 300 miles per hour. They are more likely
to occur during the spring and early summer months of March through June and are most likely to form
in the late afternoon and early evening. Most tornadoes are a few dozen yards wide and touchdown
briefly, but even small, short-lived tornadoes can inflict tremendous damage. Destruction ranges from
minor to catastrophic depending on the intensity, size, and duration of the storm. Structures made of
light materials such as mobile homes are most susceptible to damage. Each year, an average of over eight
hundred tornadoes is reported nationwide, resulting in an average of eighty deaths and fifteen hundred
injuries (NOAA, 2002). The majority of Colorado tornadoes occur in the eastern plains, including large
areas of Weld County.
Tornadoes were previously classified by their intensity using the Fujita (F) Scale, with FO being the least
intense and F6 being the most intense. The Fujita Scale (seen in the table below) is used to rate the
intensity of a tornado by examining the damage caused by the tornado after it has passed over a man-
made structure.
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Table 56. Fujita Tornado Damage Scale15
Fujita Scale
F-Scale
Number
Intensity
Phrase
Wind
Speed Type of Damage
F0 Gale
tornado
40-72
mph
Some damage to chimneys; breaks branches off trees; pushes over
shallow-rooted trees; damages signboards.
F1 Moderate
tornado
73-112
mph
The lower limit is the beginning of hurricane wind speed; peels
surface off roofs; mobile homes pushed off foundations or
overturned; moving autos pushed off the roads; attached garages
may be destroyed.
F2 Significant
tornado
113-157
mph
Considerable damage. Roofs torn off frame houses; mobile homes
demolished; boxcars pushed over; large trees snapped or uprooted;
light object missiles generated.
F3 Severe
tornado
158-206
mph
Roof and some walls torn off well-constructed houses; trains
overturned; most trees in forest uprooted
F4
Devastati
ng
tornado
207-260
mph
Well-constructed houses leveled; structures with weak foundations
blown off some distance; cars thrown and large missiles generated.
F5 Incredible
tornado
261-318
mph
Strong frame houses lifted off foundations and carried considerable
distances to disintegrate; automobile sized missiles fly through the
air in excess of 100 meters; trees debarked; steel reinforced
concrete structures badly damaged.
F6
Inconceiva
ble
tornado
319-379
mph
These winds are very unlikely. The small area of damage they might
produce would probably not be recognizable along with the mess
produced by F4 and F5 wind that would surround the F6 winds.
Missiles, such as cars and refrigerators would do serious secondary
damage that could not be directly identified as F6 damage. If this
level is ever achieved, evidence for it might only be found in some
manner of ground swirl pattern, for it may never be identifiable
through engineering studies
On February 1, 2007, the Fujita scale was decommissioned in favor of the more accurate Enhanced Fujita
Scale (aka the EF Scale). The EF-Scale measures tornado strength and associated damages and classifies
15 Information provided by NOAA at http://www.spc.noaa.gov/faq/tornado/f-scale.html
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tornadoes into six intensity categories, as shown in the following table. The scale was revised to reflect
better examinations of tornado damage surveys, so as to align wind speeds more closely with associated
storm damage. The new scale takes into account how most structures are designed, and is thought to be
a much more accurate representation of the surface wind speeds in the most violent tornadoes.
Table 57. Enhanced Fujita (EF) Scale16
Enhanced Fujita (EF) Scale
Enhanced
Fujita
Category
Wind Speed
(mph) Potential Damage
EF0 65-85
Light damage:
Peels surface off some roofs; some damage to gutters or siding;
branches broken off trees; shallow-rooted trees pushed over.
EF1 86-110
Moderate damage:
Roofs severely stripped; mobile homes overturned or badly
damaged; loss of exterior doors; windows and other glass broken.
EF2 111-135
Considerable damage:
Roofs torn off well-constructed houses; foundations of frame
homes shifted; mobile homes completely destroyed; large trees
snapped or uprooted; light-object missiles generated; cars lifted
off ground.
EF3 136-165
Severe damage:
Entire stories of well-constructed houses destroyed; severe
damage to large buildings such as shopping malls; trains
overturned; trees debarked; heavy cars lifted off the ground and
thrown; structures with weak foundations blown away some
distance.
EF4 166-200
Devastating damage:
Well-constructed houses and whole frame houses completely
leveled; cars thrown and small missiles generated.
16 Source: http://www.spc.noaa.gov/faq/tornado/ef-scale.html
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Enhanced Fujita (EF) Scale
Enhanced
Fujita
Category
Wind Speed
(mph) Potential Damage
EF5 >200
Incredible damage:
Strong frame houses leveled off foundations and swept away;
automobile-sized missiles fly through the air in excess of 100 m
(109 yds.); high-rise buildings have significant structural
deformation; incredible phenomena will occur.
The Storm Prediction Center has developed damage indicators to be used with the Enhanced Fujita Scale
for different types of buildings. These indicators can be also be used to classify any high wind event.
Indicators for different building types are shown in the following tables.
Table 58. Institutional Buildings
DAMAGE DESCRIPTION WIND SPEED RANGE (Expected in Parentheses)
Threshold of visible damage 59-88 MPH (72 MPH)
Loss of roof covering (<20%) 72-109 MPH (86 MPH)
Damage to penthouse roof & walls, loss of
rooftop HVAC equipment 75-111 MPH (92 MPH)
Broken glass in windows or doors 78-115 MPH (95 MPH)
Uplift of lightweight roof deck & insulation,
significant loss of roofing material (>20%) 95-136 MPH (114 MPH)
Façade components torn from structure 97-140 MPH (118 MPH)
Damage to curtain walls or other wall cladding 110-152 MPH (131 MPH)
Uplift of pre-cast concrete roof slabs 119-163 MPH (142 MPH)
Uplift of metal deck with concrete fill slab 118-170 MPH (146 MPH)
Collapse of some top building envelope 127-172 MPH (148 MPH)
Significant damage to building envelope 178-268 MPH (210 MPH)
Source: Storm Prediction Center, 2009
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Table 59. Educational Institutions (Elementary Schools, High Schools)
DAMAGE DESCRIPTION WIND SPEED RANGE (Expected in Parentheses)
Threshold of visible damage 55-83 MPH (68 MPH)
Loss of roof covering (<20%) 66-99 MPH (79 MPH)
Broken windows 71-106 MPH (87 MPH)
Exterior door failures 83-121 MPH (101 MPH)
Uplift of metal roof decking; significant loss of
roofing material (>20%); loss of rooftop HVAC 85-119 MPH (101 MPH)
Damage to or loss of wall cladding 92-127 MPH (108 MPH)
Collapse of tall masonry walls at gym, cafeteria,
or auditorium 94-136 MPH (114 MPH)
Uplift or collapse of light steel roof structure 108-148 MPH (125 MPH)
Collapse of exterior walls in top floor 121-153 MPH (139 MPH)
Most interior walls of top floor collapsed 133-186 MPH (158 MPH)
Total destruction of a large section of building
envelope 163-224 MPH (192 MPH)
Source: Storm Prediction Center, 2009
Table 60. Metal Building Systems
DAMAGE DESCRIPTION WIND SPEED RANGE (Expected in Parentheses)
Threshold of visible damage 54-83 MPH (67 MPH)
Inward or outward collapsed of overhead doors 75-108 MPH (89 MPH)
Metal roof or wall panels pulled from the
building 78-120 MPH (95 MPH)
Column anchorage failed 96-135 MPH (117 MPH)
Buckling of roof purlins 95-138 MPH (118 MPH)
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DAMAGE DESCRIPTION WIND SPEED RANGE (Expected in Parentheses)
Failure of X-braces in the lateral load resisting
system 118-158 MPH (138 MPH)
Progressive collapse of rigid frames 120-168 MPH (143 MPH)
Total destruction of building 132-178 MPH (155 MPH)
Source: Storm Prediction Center, 2009
Table 61. Electric Transmission Lines
DAMAGE DESCRIPTION WIND SPEED RANGE (Expected in Parentheses)
Threshold of visible damage 70-98 MPH (83 MPH)
Broken wood cross member 80-114 MPH (99 MPH)
Wood poles leaning 85-130 MPH (108 MPH)
Broken wood poles 98-142 MPH (118 MPH)
Source: Storm Prediction Center, 2009
Severe wind can also occur outside of tornadoes, severe thunderstorms, and winter storms. These winds
typically develop with strong pressure gradients and gusty frontal passages. The closer and stronger two
systems (one high pressure, one low pressure) are, the stronger the pressure gradient, and therefore, the
stronger the winds are.
Although severe wind events often garner less attention in the local media than tornadoes do, damaging
straight line winds (or downbursts) can injure and kill animals and humans. Straight-line winds, which can
cause more widespread damage than a tornado, occur when air is carried into a storm’s updraft, cools
rapidly, and comes rushing to the ground. Cold air is denser than warm air, and therefore, wants to fall to
the surface. On warm summer days, when the cold air can no longer be supported up by the storm’s
updraft, or when an exceptional downdraft develops, the air crashes to the ground in the form of strong
winds. These winds are forced horizontally when they reach the ground and can cause significant damage.
These types of strong winds can also be referred to as straight-line winds. Downbursts with a diameter of
less than 2.5 miles are called microbursts and those with a diameter of 2.5 miles or greater are called
macrobursts. A “derecho” is a series of downbursts associated with a line of thunderstorms.
5.2.10.2 Previous Occurrences
Colorado, lying just west of "tornado alley," is fortunate to experience less frequent and intense tornadoes
than its neighboring states to the east. However, tornadoes remain a significant hazard in the region.
Tornadoes are the most intense storm on earth having been recorded at velocities exceeding 315 mph.
The phenomena results in a destructive rotating column of air ranging in diameter from a few yards to
greater than a mile, usually associated with a downward extension of cumulonimbus clouds.
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All portions of Weld County have the potential to be affected by tornadoes. Historically, tornadoes have
been relatively small on the EF Scale but F1 tornadoes can still produce dangerous winds up to 112mph.
High winds can cause damage to buildings (tearing shingles from roofs, tearing awnings, collapsing
structures, etc.).
The following Table summarizes tornado history and damage data for Weld County from 1950 – 2014
collected by the NOAA Storm Prediction Center. Over that time, NOAA’s damage reporting methodologies
have evolved. Prior to 1996, estimates of property damage from tornadoes were categorized within the
NOAA database by ranges of dollar amounts (0 = unknown; 1< $50, 2 = $50 - $500; 3 = $500 - $5,000; 4 =
$5,000 - $50,000; 5 = $50,000 - $500,000; 6 = $500,000 - $5,000,000; 7 = $5,000,000 - $50,000,000; 8 =
$50,000,000 - $500,000,000; 9 = $5,000,000,000). From 1996 on, tornado damages were recorded in
millions of dollars. A damage value of 0.0 meant damages were under $100,000. Starting in 2007,
estimated crop damages were recorded in millions of dollars. In NOAA’s database a damage value of 0.0
means that damages were under $100,000.
Table 62. Tornado History in Weld County (1950 – 2014)
DATE F & EF
SCALE INJURIES DEATHS ESTIMATED PROPERTY
DAMAGE
ESTIMATED CROP
DAMAGE
7/22/1950 0 0 0 0
5/15/1952 F3 5 0 $25,000 0
6/19/1954 0 0 $250 0
5/09/1955 0 0 $250 0
6/26/1955 0 0 $250 0
6/27/1955 0 0 $30 0
6/27/1955 0 0 $30 0
7/10/1955 F2 0 0 $2,500 0
5/24/1957 F1 0 0 $250 0
5/24/1957 F1 0 0 $250 0
5/30/1957 -- 0 0 $30 0
5/30/1957 F0 0 0 $30 0
5/12/1958 F2 0 0 $2,500 0
6/8/1958 F2 0 0 $2,500 0
7/1/1958 F2 1 0 $2,500 0
7/20/1958 -- 0 0 $2,500 0
7/23/1958 F2 0 0 $2,500 0
5/15/1960 -- 0 0 $2,500 0
6/5/1961 -- 0 0 0 0
5/8/1965 -- 0 0 $2,500 0
5/22/1965 F1 0 0 $250 0
6/23/1965 F0 0 0 0 0
6/26/1965 F2 0 0 $25,000 0
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DATE F & EF
SCALE INJURIES DEATHS ESTIMATED PROPERTY
DAMAGE
ESTIMATED CROP
DAMAGE
5/17/1966 F1 0 0 $25,000 0
7/14/1967 F1 0 0 0 0
5/23/1968 F1 0 0 $30 0
4/19/1971 F0 0 0 0 0
6/29/1971 F0 0 0 0 0
6/29/1971 F1 1 0 $25,000 0
5/10/1972 F1 0 0 $2,500 0
6/18/1975 F0 0 0 0 0
7/22/1975 F0 0 0 0 0
7/23/1975 F1 0 0 $2,500 0
5/29/1976 F1 0 0 $2,500 0
5/29/1976 F1 0 0 0 0
5/29/1976 F1 0 0 0 0
5/29/1976 F0 0 0 0 0
5/29/1976 F0 0 0 0 0
5/29/1976 F0 0 0 0 0
5/29/1976 F0 0 0 0 0
5/29/1976 F0 0 0 0 0
6/4/1976 F0 0 0 0 0
6/4/1976 F0 0 0 0 0
6/4/1976 F0 0 0 0 0
6/4/1976 F2 0 0 $25,000 0
6/4/1976 F1 0 0 0 0
6/4/1976 F1 0 0 0 0
6/4/1976 F1 0 0 0 0
6/4/1976 F1 0 0 0 0
7/4/1976 F1 0 0 $2,500 0
8/10/1976 F0 0 0 0 0
5/1/1977 F0 0 0 0 0
6/19/1977 F1 0 0 $25,000 0
7/6/1979 -- 1 0 $2,500 0
7/6/1979 F1 0 0 0 0
7/12/1979 F0 0 0 0 0
7/16/1979 F0 0 0 0 0
7/29/1979 F0 0 0 0 0
5/27/1980 F0 0 0 $25,000 0
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DATE F & EF
SCALE INJURIES DEATHS ESTIMATED PROPERTY
DAMAGE
ESTIMATED CROP
DAMAGE
5/29/1980 F0 0 0 0 0
6/21/1980 F0 0 0 0 0
7/25/1980 F1 0 0 $250 0
8/7/1980 F1 0 0 $250,000 0
8/27/1980 F1 0 0 0 0
5/31/1981 F1 0 0 0 0
5/31/1981 F0 0 0 0 0
6/3/1981 F1 0 0 $2,500 0
6/3/1981 F1 0 0 $2,500 0
6/3/1981 F1 0 0 0 0
6/3/1981 F1 2 0 $2,500,000 0
7/24/1981 F1 0 0 0 0
7/25/1981 F1 0 0 0 0
9/23/1981 F1 0 0 0 0
6/2/1982 F0 0 0 0 0
6/3/1982 F0 0 0 0 0
6/12/1982 F0 0 0 0 0
6/14/1982 F1 0 0 $30 0
6/25/1982 F1 0 0 $30 0
6/29/1982 F1 0 0 $30 0
7/25/1982 F1 0 0 $30 0
7/26/1982 F2 0 0 $30 0
7/26/1982 F1 0 0 $2,500 0
8/9/1982 F1 0 0 $30 0
4/30/1983 F1 0 0 $30 0
6/2/1983 F1 0 0 $30 0
6/4/1983 F1 0 0 $30 0
6/16/1983 F0 0 0 $30 0
7/10/1983 F1 0 0 $2,500 0
8/12/1983 F1 0 0 $30 0
8/12/1983 F1 0 0 $30 0
8/12/1983 F1 0 0 $25,000 0
8/17/1983 F1 0 0 $30 0
8/17/1983 F1 0 0 $30 0
4/19/1984 F1 0 0 $30 0
4/19/1984 F1 0 0 $30 0
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DATE F & EF
SCALE INJURIES DEATHS ESTIMATED PROPERTY
DAMAGE
ESTIMATED CROP
DAMAGE
4/25/1984 F1 0 0 $30 0
5/18/1984 F1 0 0 $2,500 0
5/18/1984 F1 0 0 $25,000 0
5/18/1984 F1 0 0 $250 0
6/13/1984 F2 0 0 $25,000 0
6/17/1984 F2 0 0 0 0
8/1/1984 F2 0 0 $2,500 0
8/1/1984 F1 0 0 $2,500 0
8/19/1984 F1 0 0 0 0
7/26/1985 F1 0 0 0 0
5/12/1986 F1 0 0 $2,500 0
6/9/1986 F1 0 0 $2,500 0
8/2/1986 F1 3 0 $25,000 0
6/23/1987 F1 0 0 0 0
6/23/1987 F1 0 0 0 0
7/7/1987 F1 0 0 $2,500 0
7/7/1987 F1 0 0 0 0
7/7/1987 F1 0 0 0 0
4/19/1988 F1 0 0 0 0
4/21/1988 F2 0 0 $25,000 0
4/24/1988 F1 0 0 0 0
6/5/1988 F1 0 0 $25,000 0
7/7/1988 F1 0 0 $250 0
6/25/1989 F1 0 0 0 0
6/1/1990 F2 0 0 $250000 0
6/9/1990 F1 0 0 0 0
6/9/1990 F0 0 0 0 0
6/9/1990 F1 0 0 0 0
6/15/1990 F2 0 0 $25,000 0
6/2/1991 F0 0 0 0 0
6/2/1991 F0 0 0 0 0
6/9/1991 F1 0 0 0 0
6/9/1991 F0 0 0 0 0
6/9/1991 F0 0 0 0 0
6/22/1991 F1 0 0 0 0
6/22/1991 F0 0 0 0 0
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DATE F & EF
SCALE INJURIES DEATHS ESTIMATED PROPERTY
DAMAGE
ESTIMATED CROP
DAMAGE
7/25/1991 F0 0 0 0 0
7/25/1991 F0 0 0 0 0
7/25/1991 F0 0 0 $250,000 0
7/25/1991 F0 0 0 0 0
7/25/1991 F0 0 0 0 0
6/13/1992 F0 0 0 0 0
6/14/1992 F0 0 0 0 0
6/14/1992 F0 0 0 0 0
6/14/1992 F0 0 0 0 0
6/20/1992 F0 0 0 0 0
6/20/1992 F0 0 0 0 0
6/26/1992 F0 0 0 $25,000 0
6/26/1992 F0 0 0 0 0
6/18/1994 F0 0 0 0 0
7/16/1994 F0 0 0 0 0
7/16/1994 F0 0 0 0 0
7/16/1994 F0 0 0 0 0
7/16/1994 F0 0 0 0 0
7/16/1994 F0 0 0 0 0
7/16/1994 F0 0 0 0 0
5/7/1995 F0 0 0 0 0
6/3/1995 F0 0 0 0 0
6/6/1995 F0 0 0 0 0
6/6/1995 F0 0 0 0 0
6/7/1995 F0 0 0 0 0
6/7/1995 F0 0 0 0 0
6/7/1995 F0 0 0 0 0
6/7/1995 F0 0 0 0 0
6/7/1995 F0 0 0 0 0
5/30/1996 F0 0 0 0 0
7/9/1996 F0 0 0 0 0
7/12/1996 F0 0 0 0 0
7/13/1996 F0 0 0 0 0
7/28/1996 F0 0 0 0 0
7/31/1996 F0 0 0 0 0
7/31/1996 F0 0 0 0 0
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DATE F & EF
SCALE INJURIES DEATHS ESTIMATED PROPERTY
DAMAGE
ESTIMATED CROP
DAMAGE
7/31/1996 F0 0 0 0 0
7/31/1996 F0 0 0 0 0
8/27/1996 F0 0 0 0 0
8/29/1996 F0 0 0 0 0
8/29/1996 F2 0 0 0 0
8/29/1996 F0 0 0 0 0
5/25/1997 F0 0 0 0 0
6/15/1997 F0 0 0 0 0
6/22/1997 F0 0 0 0 0
7/6/1997 F0 0 0 0 0
7/30/1997 F1 0 0 $50,000 0
6/9/1998 F0 0 0 0 0
7/4/1998 F0 0 0 0 0
7/14/1998 F1 0 0 0 0
7/14/1998 F0 0 0 0 0
7/19/1998 F0 0 0 0 0
7/25/1998 F0 0 0 0 0
8/9/1998 F0 0 0 0 0
6/17/1999 F0 0 0 0 0
8/10/1999 F0 0 0 0 0
8/10/1999 F0 0 0 0 0
8/10/1999 F0 0 0 0 0
8/10/1999 F1 0 0 0 0
8/10/1999 F0 0 0 0 0
9/1/1999 F1 0 0 0 0
5/17/2000 F1 0 0 0 0
5/17/2000 F0 0 0 0 0
5/17/2000 F0 0 0 0 0
5/17/2000 F0 0 0 0 0
7/10/2000 F0 0 0 0 0
7/21/2000 F0 0 0 0 0
9/1/2000 F1 0 0 0 0
6/3/2002 F0 0 0 0 0
8/28/2002 F1 0 0 0 0
4/30/2003 F0 0 0 0 0
4/30/2003 F0 0 0 0 0
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DATE F & EF
SCALE INJURIES DEATHS ESTIMATED PROPERTY
DAMAGE
ESTIMATED CROP
DAMAGE
5/8/2003 F0 0 0 0 0
3/24/2004 F0 0 0 0 0
5/10/2004 F0 0 0 0 0
6/4/2004 F0 0 0 0 0
8/10/2004 F0 0 0 0 0
8/10/2004 F0 0 0 0 0
10/4/2004 F0 0 0 0 0
10/4/2004 F0 0 0 0 0
10/4/2004 F0 0 0 0 0
10/4/2004 F0 0 0 0 0
10/4/2004 F0 0 0 0 0
10/4/2004 F0 0 0 0 0
5/24/2005 F1 0 0 0 0
5/31/2006 F1 0 0 0 0
5/3/2007 F1 0 0 0 0
5/3/2007 F0 0 0 0 0
5/3/2007 F0 0 0 0 0
5/3/2007 EF0 0 0 0 0
5/3/2007 EF0 0 0 0 0
5/14/2007 EF0 0 0 0 0
7/12/2007 EF0 0 0 0 0
5/22/2008 EF0 0 0 0 0
5/22/2008 EF0 0 0 0 0
5/23/2008 EF0 0 0 0 0
5/23/2008 EF3 78 1 $147,000,000 0
6/9/2009 EF1 1 0 0 0
6/10/2009 EF0 0 0 0 0
6/10/2009 EF1 0 0 0 0
6/22/2009 EF0 0 0 0 0
6/22/2009 EF0 0 0 0 0
8/8/2009 EF0 0 0 0 0
5/15/2010 EF0 0 0 0 0
5/15/2010 EF0 0 0 0 0
5/18/2010 EF0 0 0 0 0
5/18/2010 EF0 0 0 0 0
5/26/2010 EF0 0 0 0 0
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DATE F & EF
SCALE INJURIES DEATHS ESTIMATED PROPERTY
DAMAGE
ESTIMATED CROP
DAMAGE
6/10/2010 EF0 0 0 0 0
6/6/2012 EF0 0 0 0 0
6/7/2012 EF0 0 0 0 0
9/27/2012 EF0 0 0 0 0
8/3/2013 EF0 0 0 0 0
8/3/2013 EF0 0 0 0 0
8/3/2013 EF0 0 0 0 0
8/3/2013 EF0 0 0 $5,000 $5000
5/7/2014 EF0 0 0 0 0
6/6/2014 EF0 0 0 0 0
6/6/2014 EF0 0 0 0 0
6/8/2014 EF0 0 0 0 0
6/8/2014 EF0 0 0 0 0
7/28/2014 EF0 0 0 0 0
TOTAL: 92 1 $150,715,160 $5000
Source: NOAA; NCDC Storm Events Database
NCDC’s Storm Events Database estimates that 256 tornadoes have touched down in, or moved through,
Weld County between 1950 and 2014. The most destructive tornado event occurred on May 22, 2008.
The Town of Windsor sustained the most damage while many other towns were also affected. This
tornado event caused one death in the City of Greeley. The following figure depicts the tornado
touchdown locations that occurred on May 22, 2008.
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Figure 40. Tornado Touchdowns in Weld County, May 22, 200817
The following figure depicts historical tornado tracks and events in and around Weld County. The map
illustrates where tornadoes have touched down (and traveled) between 1955 and 2014. It is important to
note that all portions of the County are susceptible to tornado hazard, from the urban western portions
to the rural eastern side.
17Image courtesy of Eric Thaler, SOO WFO DEN/BOU; Data source – NOAA/NWS; Map – FEMA
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Figure 41. Weld County – Historical Tornado Events
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HAZARD PROFILE: STRAIGHT-LINE WIND
Data from NOAA’s NCDC Storm Events Database was used to complete the risk assessment for straight-
line wind events in Weld County. Currently, the Storm Events Database only includes wind events that are
classified as “Thunderstorm Winds” (including downbursts). These events are defined as winds with
speeds of at least fifty knots (58 mph), or winds of any speed (non-severe winds under fifty knots) that
result in a fatality, injury and/or damage. The following Table summarizes severe wind history and damage
totals in Weld County from 1996 to 2014.
Table 63. Severe Wind Event History in Weld County (1996 – 2014)
DATE MAGNITUDE
(KNOTS)18 INJURIES DEATHS PROPERTY
DAMAGE
CROP
DAMAGE
1/3/1996 -- 0 0 0 0
4/19/1996 71 0 0 0 0
4/19/1996 72 0 0 0 0
4/24/1996 53 0 0 0 0
4/24/1996 58 0 0 0 0
10/29/1996 61 0 0 0 0
12/2/1996 82 0 0 0 0
12/4/1996 100 0 0 0 0
12/17/1996 50 0 0 0 0
12/17/1996 56 0 0 0 0
12/17/1996 68 0 0 0 0
1/4/1997 53 0 0 0 0
1/4/1997 62 0 0 0 0
1/4/1997 58 0 0 0 0
3/27/1997 60 0 0 0 0
3/27/1997 70 0 0 0 0
3/27/1997 -- 0 0 0 0
4/5/1997 51 0 0 0 0
10/31/1997 73 0 0 0 0
12/27/1997 64 0 0 0 0
2/25/1998 59 0 0 0 0
6/13/1998 68 0 0 0 0
12/27/1998 83 0 0 0 0
12/30/1998 78 0 0 0 0
1/5/1999 60 0 0 0 0
18 1 knot = 1.15 mph
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DATE MAGNITUDE
(KNOTS)18 INJURIES DEATHS PROPERTY
DAMAGE
CROP
DAMAGE
2/2/1999 56 0 0 0 0
2/2/1999 93 0 0 0 0
2/10/1999 58 0 0 0 0
2/10/1999 50 0 0 0 0
2/17/1999 61 0 0 0 0
2/22/1999 73 0 0 0 0
2/22/1999 52 0 0 0 0
4/8/1999 50 0 0 0 0
4/8/1999 90 0 0 0 0
4/8/1999 78 0 0 0 0
4/9/1999 70 0 0 0 0
4/9/1999 82 0 0 0 0
5/6/1999 55 0 0 0 0
11/18/1999 77 0 0 0 0
11/25/1999 67 0 0 0 0
11/25/1999 67 0 0 0 0
1/3/2000 81 0 0 0 0
1/7/2000 67 0 0 0 0
2/15/2000 56 0 0 0 0
2/15/2000 56 0 0 0 0
2/25/2000 63 0 0 0 0
2/25/2000 52 0 0 0 0
3/7/2000 88 0 0 0 0
3/7/2000 55 0 0 0 0
4/5/2000 78 0 0 0 0
12/15/2000 50 0 0 0 0
12/17/2000 56 0 0 0 0
12/17/2000 52 1 0 0 0
3/15/2001 55 0 0 0 0
5/9/2001 47 0 0 0 0
5/9/2001 50 0 0 0 0
5/20/2001 72 6 0 $1,400,000 0
5/20/2001 61 0 0 $36,000 0
2/8/2002 65 0 0 0 0
2/9/2002 39 0 0 0 0
2/9/2002 55 0 0 0 0
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DATE MAGNITUDE
(KNOTS)18 INJURIES DEATHS PROPERTY
DAMAGE
CROP
DAMAGE
4/1/2002 56 0 0 0 0
5/21/2002 57 0 0 0 0
1/15/2003 52 0 0 0 0
1/15/2003 52 0 0 0 0
1/30/2003 52 0 0 0 0
1/30/2003 59 0 0 0 0
4/15/2003 69 0 0 0 0
11/11/2003 70 0 0 0 0
6/4/2004 61 0 0 0 0
6/4/2004 54 0 0 0 0
6/20/2004 56 0 0 0 0
10/29/2004 65 0 0 0 0
10/29/2004 50 0 0 0 0
12/20/2004 85 0 0 0 0
4/5/2005 52 0 0 0 0
4/5/2005 52 0 0 0 0
11/3/2005 61 0 0 0 0
11/12/2005 54 0 0 0 0
11/12/2005 56 0 0 0 0
11/28/2005 59 0 0 0 0
11/28/2005 52 0 0 0 0
11/30/2005 60 0 0 0 0
11/30/2005 51 0 0 0 0
12/5/2005 50 0 0 0 0
12/23/2005 58 0 0 0 0
12/29/2005 57 0 0 0 0
12/29/2005 53 0 0 0 0
4/2/2006 52 0 0 0 0
11/14/2006 52 0 0 0 0
1/7/2007 77 0 0 0 0
2/16/2007 54 0 0 0 0
2/16/2007 80 0 0 0 0
6/6/2007 88 0 0 0 0
5/2/2008 57 0 0 $200,000 $200,000
5/2/2008 63 0 0 0 0
5/2/2008 60 0 0 0 0
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DATE MAGNITUDE
(KNOTS)18 INJURIES DEATHS PROPERTY
DAMAGE
CROP
DAMAGE
6/11/2008 68 0 0 0 0
6/22/2008 60 0 0 0 0
6/26/2008 52 0 0 0 0
8/2/2008 52 6 0 0 0
11/6/2008 64 0 0 0 0
12/29/2008 85 0 0 0 0
1/7/2009 65 0 0 $5,000 0
3/31/2009 52 0 0 0 0
1/24/2010 52 0 0 0 0
2/13/2010 70 0 0 0 0
5/4/2010 58 0 0 $10,000 $50,000
5/4/2010 58 0 0 0 0
5/24/2010 53 0 0 0 0
5/24/2010 50 0 0 0 0
3/22/2011 43 0 0 0 0
5/9/2011 35 0 0 0 0
10/6/2011 48 0 0 $20,000 $5,000
10/6/2011 54 0 0 0 0
10/6/2011 51 0 0 0 0
11/12/2011 45 1 0 0 0
12/31/2011 61 0 0 0 0
12/31/2011 63 0 0 0 0
12/31/2011 70 0 0 0 0
1/18/2012 61 0 0 0 0
1/18/2012 52 0 0 0 0
1/18/2012 56 0 0 0 0
2/21/2012 55 0 0 0 0
2/22/2012 56 0 0 0 0
3/18/2012 51 0 0 0 0
3/18/2012 56 0 0 0 0
4/15/2012 67 0 0 0 0
10/17/2012 35 0 0 0 0
10/17/2012 62 0 0 0 0
4/8/2013 54 0 0 0 0
4/8/2013 50 0 0 0 0
12/24/2013 60 0 0 0 0
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DATE MAGNITUDE
(KNOTS)18 INJURIES DEATHS PROPERTY
DAMAGE
CROP
DAMAGE
2/16/2014 54 0 0 0 0
3/30/2014 52 0 0 0 0
4/27/2014 52 0 0 0 0
TOTAL 8 0 $1,671,000 $255,000
*Source: NOAA; NCDC Storm Events Database
Based on data provided by NCDC’s Storm Events Database, 136 severe wind events have occurred in Weld
County between 1996 and 2014. The following Figure provides a geospatial view of these historical severe
wind events in Weld County between 1996 and 2014. As with tornadoes, it should be noted that severe
winds affect all portions of the County.
198
WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Figure 42. Weld County – Historical High Wind Events
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
5.2.10.3 Inventory Exposed
Inventory assets exposed to severe wind is dependent on the age of the building, type, construction
material used, and condition of the structure. Possible losses to critical infrastructure include:
Electric power disruption
Communication disruption
Water and fuel shortages
Road closures
Damaged infrastructure components, such as sewer lift stations and treatment plants
Damage to homes, structures, and shelters
All assets located in Weld County can be considered at risk from severe wind and tornadoes. This includes
252,825 people, or 100% of the County’s population and all buildings and infrastructure within the
County.19 Most structures, including the county’s critical facilities, should be able to withstand and provide
adequate protection from severe wind and tornadoes. Those facilities with back-up generators should be
fully equipped to handle severe wind and tornado events should the power go out.
5.2.10.4 Potential Losses
Generally, straight-line wind events and tornadoes destroy private, commercial, and public property.
Additional costs stem from debris removal, maintenance, repair, and response. Indirect costs include loss
of industrial and commercial productivity as a result of damage to infrastructure, facilities, or interruption
of services. Because no specific, countywide loss estimation exists for wind and tornado hazards, potential
losses are related to historical property damage and injuries/deaths.
Over the last 65 years there has been 1 death reported in Weld County due to a tornado event and no
deaths due to severe wind. During the same time period, there have been 92 reported injuries from
tornadoes and 14 reported injuries from severe wind. Monetary losses to property and crops are largely
unknown.
5.2.10.5 Probability of Future Occurrences
Reported tornadoes over the past forty nine years provide an acceptable framework for determining the
future occurrence in terms of frequency for such events. The probability of the County and its
municipalities experiencing a tornado associated with damages or injuries can be difficult to quantify, but
based on historical record of sixty four tornadoes since 1964 that have either caused damages to buildings
and infrastructure or resulted in an injury or death, it can reasonably be assumed that this type of event
has occurred once a year between 1964 and 2013. Historic tornado frequencies suggest that there is
roughly a 100% chance of this type of event occurring somewhere within the county boundaries each
year.
Similarly, reported straight-line wind events over the past forty nine years provide an acceptable
framework for determining the future occurrence in terms of event. The probability of Weld County and
its municipalities experiencing a severe wind event associated with damages or injuries can be difficult to
19 2010 Census
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quantify, but based on historical record of 136 severe wind events since 1964, there is a high chance of
this type of event occurring each year.
5.2.10.6 Land Use and Development
All future structures built in Weld County will likely be exposed to severe wind and tornado damage. As
with other large extent hazards, increased development trends within Planning Reserve Areas and along
the I-76 and I-25 corridors will increase the vulnerability of these areas. Weld County and its jurisdictions
must continue to adhere to building codes and to facilitate new development that is built to the highest
design standards to account for heavy winds.
Due to the nature of tornadoes and severe wind events, not all jurisdictions within Weld County are
expected to be impacted equally. For example, older homes, which are often subject to less advanced
building codes, suffer increased vulnerability to wind and tornadoes over time. Mobile homes, which are
most often occupied by low-income, socially vulnerable residents, are the most dangerous places during
a windstorm or tornado. Studies indicate that 45% of all fatalities during tornadoes occur in mobile homes,
compared to 26% in traditional site-built homes.20 As communities across Weld County continue to grow,
it is important that local agencies monitor the inventory and locations of mobile homes, particularly in
areas of high tornado risk. Moreover, when discussing mitigation actions for straight-line winds and
tornadoes, communities or geographic locations with large numbers of mobile homes deserve added
attention.
20 Ashley, W.S., A.J. Krmenec, and R. Schwantes, 2008: Vulnerability due to nocturnal tornadoes. Weather and
Forecasting, 23, 795 – 807.
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6 Mitigation Strategy
This section of the Plan provides the blueprint for Weld County and its participating jurisdictions to
become less vulnerable to natural hazards. The goals, objectives, and strategies are based on the general
consensus of the Weld County HMPC and local stakeholder feedback, along with the findings of the Hazard
Identification and Risk Assessment. This section consists of the following subsections:
INTRODUCTION
GOALS AND OBJECTIVES SUMMARY
2009 HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN ACTION REPORT
2016 HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN ACTION REPORT
6.1 Introduction
The intent of the Mitigation Strategy is to provide Weld County and participating jurisdictions with the
goals that will serve as the guiding principles for future mitigation policy and project administration, along
with a list of proposed actions deemed necessary to meet those goals and reduce the impact of natural
hazards. It is designed to be comprehensive and strategic in nature. The development of the strategy
included a thorough review of natural hazards and identified policies and projects intended to not only
reduce the future impacts of hazards, but also to help Weld County and participating jurisdictions achieve
compatible economic, environmental, and social goals. The development of this section is also intended
to be strategic, in that all policies and projects are linked to establish priorities assigned to specific
departments or individuals responsible for their implementation. Potential funding sources are identified
when possible and identified projects were assumed to be realistically achievable over the coming five
years.
Mitigation goals are general guidelines that explain what the county wants to achieve. Goals are
usually expressed as broad policy statements representing desired long-term results.
Mitigation objectives describe strategies or implementation steps to attain the identified goals.
Objectives are more specific statements than goals; the described steps are usually measurable
and can have a defined completion date.
Mitigation Actions provide more detailed descriptions of specific work tasks to help the county
and its municipalities achieve prescribed goals and objectives.
Based on participation from the Weld County HMPC, the mitigation strategy from the 2009 Northeast
Colorado Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan has been modified and updated. Objectives were clarified to
better document roles and responsibilities. Previously identified actions were updated and new actions
have been added to address particular hazards facing Weld County and its local jurisdictions.
In order to prioritize the mitigation actions in this plan, the County and each participating jurisdiction
referred to FEMA’s STAPLEE methodology as a guide. The STAPLEE approach allows for a careful review
of the feasibility of mitigation actions by using seven criteria. The criteria are described below:
S - Social
T - Technical
A - Administrative
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P - Political
L - Legal
E - Economic
E - Environmental
FEMA mitigation planning requirements indicate that any prioritization system used shall include a special
emphasis on the extent to which benefits are maximized according to a cost-benefit review of the
proposed projects. To do this in an efficient manner that is consistent with FEMA’s guidance on using cost-
benefit review in mitigation planning, the STAPLEE method was adapted to include a higher weighting
(x1.5) for the economic feasibility factor – Cost Effective. This method incorporates concepts similar to
those described in Method C of FEMA 386-5: Using Benefit Cost Review in Mitigation Planning (FEMA,
2007).
In order to ensure that a broad range of mitigation actions were considered for the Mitigation Strategy,
the Weld County HMPC analyzed a comprehensive range of specific mitigation actions for each hazard
after the risk assessment was complete. This helped to ensure that there was sufficient span and creativity
in the mitigation actions considered.
There are six categories of mitigation actions which Weld County considered in developing its mitigation
action plan. Those categories include:
Prevention: Government administrative or regulatory actions or processes that influence the way
land and buildings are developed and built. These actions also include public activities to reduce
hazard losses. Examples include planning, zoning, building codes, subdivision regulations, hazard
specific regulations (such as floodplain regulations), capital improvement programs, and open-
space preservation and stormwater regulations.
Property Protection: Actions that involve modifying or removing existing buildings or
infrastructure to protect them from a hazard. Examples include the acquisition, elevation and
relocation of structures, structural retrofits, flood-proofing, storm shutters, and shatter resistant
glass. This category also includes insurance.
Public Education and Awareness: Actions to inform and educate citizens, elected officials, and
property owners about potential risks from hazards and potential ways to mitigate them. Such
actions include hazard mapping, outreach projects, library materials dissemination, real estate
disclosures, the creation of hazard information centers, and school age / adult education
programs.
Natural Resource Protection: Actions that in addition to minimizing hazard losses also preserve
or restore the functions of natural systems. These actions include sediment and erosion control,
stream corridor restoration, forest and vegetation management, wetlands restoration or
preservation, slope stabilization, and historic property and archeological site preservation.
Structural Project Implementation: Mitigation projects intended to lessen the impact of a hazard
by using structures to modify the environment. Structures include stormwater controls (culverts);
dams, dikes, and levees; and safe rooms.
Emergency Services: Actions that typically are not considered mitigation techniques but reduce
the impacts of a hazard event on people and property. These actions are often taken prior to,
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during, or in response to an emergency or disaster. Examples include warning systems,
evacuation planning and management, emergency response training and exercises, and
emergency flood protection procedures.
6.2 Goals and Objectives Summary
The following table provides an update summary of the goals identified within the 2009 Northeast
Colorado Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan and of how they were incorporated into the 2016 Weld County
Hazard Mitigation Plan.
Table 64. Goals – 2009 Northeast Colorado Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Goal Goal Continue Change Delete
1
Maintain FEMA eligibility/position
communities for Federal mitigation
funding
X
2 Improve county capability to reduce
disaster losses. X
3
Reduce loss of life, property
damages, and economic impacts
from hazards.
X
4 Increase public awareness of
potential hazard losses. X
Mitigation Goals are general guidelines that explain what a community wants to achieve with their local
hazard mitigation plan. Goals are overarching targets and describe the ideal long-term outcomes
envisioned by the community. For the 2016 Plan, Weld County and the local jurisdictions participating in
the hazard mitigation plan update identified the following four mitigation goals as the foundation of their
local mitigation strategies:
GOAL 1: Reduce loss of life, property damages and economic impacts from disasters
GOAL 2: Improve the County’s and local jurisdictions’ capabilities to reduce disaster losses
GOAL 3: Increase community resilience through community engagement and preparedness
education
GOAL 4: Position Weld County communities to maintain eligibility for FEMA and other federal
mitigation funding through active participation in mitigation planning
More specific than Goals, Mitigation Objectives are the fundamental strategies prescribed by the Plan to
achieve the identified Goals. In other words, Objectives describe the “how” of the mitigation strategy. In
the 2016 Plan, Weld County and the local jurisdictions participating in the hazard mitigation plan update
identified the following five mitigation objectives:
OBJECTIVE 1: Continue to develop and expand community preparedness education and resilience
programs
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OBJECTIVE 2: Enhance training for hazard prevention and mitigation options
OBJECTIVE 3: Incorporate risk reduction principles into policy documents and initiatives as well as
other institutional plans
OBJECTIVE 4: Continue to collaborate with area partners through mutual aid agreements and
long-term planning efforts
OBJECTIVE 5: Reduce the vulnerability of local assets to the impacts of hazards.
In order to maintain continuity within the local mitigation strategy, each mitigation objective is associated
with one or more mitigation goals (as is shown in the following table). This helps communities stay on
track during the development of the mitigation strategy and focus their planning efforts around clear
priorities. Together, the goals and objectives identified during the Weld County mitigation strategy
meeting and refined over the course of the planning process established the scope and focus of the
proposed mitigation actions outlined in this Plan.
The following table provides a summary of the updated and/or revised mitigation goals for the 2016 Plan.
It also outlines the planning objectives identified by the HMPC for each goal and identifies whether the
Goal is new to Weld County or was previously identified in the 2009 Northeast Colorado Regional Hazard
Mitigation Plan.
Table 65. 2016 Weld County Mitigation Strategy – Updated Goals and Objectives
Goal Objective New
GOAL 1: Reduce loss of life,
property damages and
economic impacts from
disasters.
1. Continue to develop and expand community
preparedness education and resilience
programs.
2. Enhance training for hazard prevention and
mitigation options.
3. Incorporate risk reduction principles into policy
documents and initiatives, as well as other
institutional plans.
4. Continue to collaborate with area partners
through mutual aid agreements and long-term
planning efforts.
5. Reduce the vulnerability of local assets to the
impacts of hazards.
GOAL 2: Improve county's
and local jurisdictions'
capabilities to reduce
disaster losses.
1. Continue to develop and expand community
preparedness education and resilience
programs.
2. Enhance training for hazard prevention and
mitigation options.
3. Incorporate risk reduction principles into policy
documents and initiatives, as well as other
institutional plans.
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Goal Objective New
4. Continue to collaborate with area partners
through mutual aid agreements and long-term
planning efforts.
5. Reduce the vulnerability of local assets to the
impacts of hazards.
GOAL 3: Increase community
resilience through
community engagement
and preparedness
education.
1. Continue to develop and expand community
preparedness education and resilience
programs.
2. Enhance training for hazard prevention and
mitigation options.
GOAL 4: Position Weld
County communities to
maintain eligibility for FEMA
and other federal mitigation
funding, through active
participation in mitigation
planning.
1. Continue to develop and expand community
preparedness education and resilience
programs.
X
2. Enhance training for hazard prevention and
mitigation options.
3. Incorporate risk reduction principles into policy
documents and initiatives, as well as other
institutional plans.
4. Continue to collaborate with area partners
through mutual aid agreements and long-term
planning efforts.
5. Reduce the vulnerability of local assets to the
impacts of hazards.
6.3 2009 Hazard Mitigation Plan Action Report
The Weld County HMPC reviewed the mitigation actions included in the 2004 and 2009 Northeast
Colorado Regional Hazard Mitigation Plans that were specific to Weld County and its local jurisdictions.
The following Mitigation Action Guides present status updates on each of the documented Weld County
mitigation actions. Action status updates for each of the participating jurisdictions are included below in
the community profiles Appendix.
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WELD COUNTY: Establish an ongoing or annual Public Education campaign regarding Hazards and
Emergency Management
PRIORITY: HIGH HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Dam Safety, Seismic Risk,
Tornado Safety, Flood Insurance Program and Insurance
Coverage
LOCATION: Countywide GOALS ADDRESSED: 1, 2, 3
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 2004 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: A, B, E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: Ongoing
ISSUE: There are many emergency management issues that need to be reinforced with public
education so that citizens know what risks they face, what protective actions they can take, and what
government programs are in place to assist them.
RECOMMENDATION: The potential for saving just one life, and providing time for individuals and
businesses to take effective protective actions, outweighs the potential cost of the public education
program. Public Education may be the most effective and least-expensive way to reduce disaster
losses by changing human behavior to promote appropriate actions
ACTION: Establish an ongoing or annual Public Education campaign regarding Hazards and Emergency
Management
LEAD AGENCY: County Emergency Manager
in conjunction with appropriate
County/Town Departments with
municipalities
EXPECTED COST: $2,500 for printing and distribution
costs
SUPPORT AGENCIES: State/Federal Agencies POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: Monitor grants, and
seek private partners for cost-share opportunities
PROGRESS MILESTONES: An All Hazards Emergency Operations Plan and Crisis Action Guide were
completed in the Town of Hudson in November of 2008. Hudson was the pilot community for a grant
designed to assist three rural jurisdictions with their emergency preparedness. Kersey and
Keenesburg were the other two communities. The project was facilitated by Greg Moser of CISPR and
some of his students from the University of Denver. Participation by Town Administration, Hudson’s
elected officials, Weld County Department heads responsible for responding to a disaster, utility
company representatives, and social service agency providers made the exercise extremely valuable.
Follow-up presentations with members from our business community, Weld County RE-3J School
District, and local residents are ongoing. It was an added bonus to be a part of the strategic planning
that took place in Kersey and Keenesburg. The City of Evans added new annexes to the EOP for major
snow storm, blizzard, and tornado. The City website was updated with emergency management
information, and the establishment of a public information function. The City of Dacono has a
monthly newsletter in which messages, warnings and updates are included. The planning team
agreed that this should remain a high priority, ongoing project. The Town of Firestone noted that
public education is an ongoing effort. Information is being disseminated to the public via the Town
website, semi-annual emergency preparedness courses, brochures on preparedness, articles in the bi-
monthly Town newsletter, and articles in the local paper. Additionally there is a strong effort in
sharing information with the local schools and businesses within Firestone.
Since 2009, Weld County OEM and many participating jurisdictions have continued to make public
preparedness outreach and education a priority. In 2014, Weld County OEM developed a
“preparedness train-the-trainer” curriculum, and invites community members to participate in the
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course. These trainers are equipped to teach preparedness in their communities, health care
facilities, assisted living centers, or wherever their sphere of influence might be. Weld County OEM
also actively participates in community outreach events, raising awareness about disaster
preparedness. This action item will continue to be a priority in 2016. Weld County OEM will develop
a new mitigation action focused on studying disaster resilience in communities throughout Weld
County in order to better understand how to develop the preparedness program.
WELD COUNTY: Inventory critical facilities within the floodplain to determine if they should be
protected.
PRIORITY: HIGH HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flooding
LOCATION: Countywide GOALS ADDRESSED: 1, 2
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 2004 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 2009
ISSUE: In floodplains there is a known risk. Not having critical facilities protected against such risks
can severely handicap a community’s ability to respond and recover from a flood. Potential losses
should be estimated for the failure of each critical facility. Then a cost estimate should be calculated
for the favored method of protection. Then a benefit-cost comparison will indicate whether or not
the facility is worth protecting.
RECOMMENDATION: The potential for saving just one life, and providing time for individuals and
businesses to take effective protective actions, outweighs the potential cost of the public education
program. Public Education may be the most effective and least-expensive way to reduce disaster
losses by changing human behavior to promote appropriate actions
ACTION: Each incorporated community with a mapped floodplain should inventory critical facilities
within the floodplain to determine if they should be protected. Facilities would include power
substations, water sources such as wellheads, sewage treatment facilities, police and fire stations,
hospitals, and nursing homes.
LEAD AGENCY: County Emergency Manager
in conjunction with appropriate
County/Town Departments. Technical
Assistance is available from state agencies if
help in making these determinations is
needed
EXPECTED COST: Staff time only for initial inventory
and discussion of protection methods, and cost-
benefit analysis
SUPPORT AGENCIES: POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: There is not cost for
the initial inventory and decision-making. Protective
measures should be taken where cost-effective.
PROGRESS MILESTONES: This project was completed as part of the 2009 update to this plan. Critical
facilities that are at risk from flooding are shown in Tables 8 and 9 and on the maps in Figures 2 and 3.
The Town of Hudson has learned through the review of existing flood plain maps that the Town limits
were not affected by an existing flood plain. However, recent land annexations may have one
property within a flood plain, but there is no anticipated development of that area at this time. The
Town’s new Waste Water Treatment Plant being built in the vicinity on the annexed property is being
built above the flood plain. The City of Evans has no critical facilities in the floodplain. The City of
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Dacono has a mapped floodplain. Frederick still wants to do a detailed inventory. The floodplain
analysis should be updated with DFIRM mapping when that becomes available. No further work is
required on this action item, as it was completed in 2009.
WELD COUNTY: Develop Pawnee Buttes sub-area land use plan
PRIORITY: Medium HAZARDS ADDRESSED: All
LOCATION: Weld County GOALS ADDRESSED: 2
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 2009 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: C, E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 2 years (2009-
2010)
ISSUE: Weld County anticipates a planning process for the northeast part of the County that would
establish goals and policies unique to the area. This could be tied into the community wildfire
protection plan.
RECOMMENDATION: Wildfires, extreme temperatures, and wind/dust storms can be mitigated,
avoiding loss of livestock and productive land/soil.
ACTION: Develop Pawnee Buttes sub-area land use plan
LEAD AGENCY: Weld County Planning
Services.
EXPECTED COST: $20,000 (time and materials).
SUPPORT AGENCIES: POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: In house funding;
possible DOLA.
PROGRESS MILESTONES: This action was not pursued by Weld County. It was anticipated as a
possibility related to the Community Wildfire Protection Plan (CWPP), which was also not pursued.
Weld County has elected to prepare an Annual Operating Plan instead.
WELD COUNTY: Develop Wildland Fire Protection Plan
PRIORITY: High HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Wildland Fire
LOCATION: Weld County GOALS ADDRESSED: 2
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 2009 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: Completion by December 2010
ISSUE: Over the last three years Weld County has had several Wildland fires in the South and Eastern
part of the county. In July 2009 Gov. Ritter signed into law SB09-001 The establishment of Community
Wildfire Protection Plans (CWPP). This law requires each county to develop a CWPP.
RECOMMENDATION: Identification of Wildfire prone areas, Development of Mitigation programs
ACTION: Wildland Fire Protection Plan
LEAD AGENCY: Weld County OEM EXPECTED COST: Staff Time, Printing $2,000.00
SUPPORT AGENCIES: POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: Grants and County
Budget
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PROGRESS MILESTONES: Weld County OEM, after discussion with the Weld County Sheriff’s Office,
elected not to pursue this mitigation action. Weld County is not an EFF county, and SB09-001 requires
EFF counties to have a CWPP. For wildfire planning purposes, Weld County works with our fire
departments, fire protection districts and the Colorado Division of Fire Safety to prepare an annual
operating plan (AOP) for wildfire each year.
WELD COUNTY: Continued compliance with the NFIP
PRIORITY: Medium HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flooding
LOCATION: Weld County GOALS ADDRESSED: 1
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 2009 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: Ongoing
ISSUE: As participants in the NFIP the County will continue to promote wise use of floodplains
through ordinance administration and periodic update, promotion of flood insurance and staff
training, including encouragement of Certified Floodplain Manager status.
RECOMMENDATION: The benefits are to flood prone building owners who choose to insure against
flood losses, and to taxpayers who no longer would be faced with subsidizing those potential losses.
ACTION:
LEAD AGENCY: Floodplain Management
officials
EXPECTED COST: Can be accomplished within existing
budgets
SUPPORT AGENCIES: POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES:
PROGRESS MILESTONES: Weld County is not participating in the CRS program. However, we are a
member of NFIP and Weld County adopted the model ordinance in January of 2014, as required by
the State of Colorado. The County enforces floodplain regulations as outlined in Article XI of
Chapter 23 of the Weld County Code, in accordance with FEMA’s requirements.
Weld County: Detailed Floodplain Mapping
PRIORITY: High HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flood
LOCATION: Weld County GOALS ADDRESSED: 2
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 2009 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: Completed
ISSUE: Many of the floodplains located in Weld County are mapped as Zone A. To better protect
residents, it would be beneficial to have the mapping update to include BFEs and floodways. There
are also many floodplains that are not accurately mapped or that have known issues with their
accuracy. The FIRMs don’t always show what the floodplains are when compared with HAZUS. The
County Public Works has some of the unfinished floodplain mapping for flashflood prone small
drainages. Most floodplains in Weld County are in the A zone with no BFEs determined and several
floodplains are only partially mapped. The partially mapped floodplains include Crow Creek, Lone
Tree Creek, Owl Creek, Coalbank Creek, and various tributaries of Crow Creek. Many of the
floodplains are mapped at the lower end and the upper end with no mapping in between. As a
result flood risk is unknown; there is no floodplain mapping to provide guidance for developers and
others that build close to flashflood creeks. The floodplain mapping should be completed to
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connect the upper and lower stream reaches so that the appropriate building/development
requirements can be enforced. Additionally, many of the Zone A floodplains could be mapped in
more detail to provide a floodway and Base Flood Elevations. Those floodplains include the lower
portion of Lone Tree Creek, Box Elder Creek, St. Vrain Creek, Big Thompson River, and the South
Platte River. All of these floodplains are in areas that have experienced significant growth over the
past several years. Because of the approximate nature of the floodplain mapping, the mapped
floodplain is known to be at least partially incorrectly delineated. The floodplains should be
mapped in more detail so that the appropriate building/development requirements can be
enforced. While the risk to residents is not changed by more detailed floodplain mapping, future
risk can be mitigated by providing information on safe places and methods to build.
UPDATE:
The County is moving forward with the required adoption of the DFIRM's, which will go into effect
in January 2016. During the DFIRM process, the County was successful in identifying several areas
in the County that took people out of the floodplain. Conversely, however, the DFIRM's also brought
some folks into the floodplain.
The DFIRM's will become the new effective rate maps in 2016 and will be sufficient. With that said,
the County does not have any interest in spending tax dollars to identify areas of the County that
are not mapped or have approximate A zones. Any changes to the floodplain will be done by private
property owners, developers or state and federal agencies. No further action is required for the
2016 HMP with respect to floodplain mapping
ACTION: The County will be able to use floodplain regulations and building codes to ensure that
people and property are relatively safe from flooding.
LEAD AGENCY: Weld County Planning
Department/ Flood Plain Management.
EXPECTED COST: Unknown. The cost is likely to be
high.
SUPPORT AGENCIES: POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: CWCB grants, FEMA
grants. Will likely need cooperation/funding with
other municipalities.
PROGRESS MILESTONES:
Weld County: ALERT Flood warning System
PRIORITY: Medium HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flood
LOCATION: Weld County GOALS ADDRESSED: 1
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 2009 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: Unknown
ISSUE: ALERT systems provide up to the minute weather data, including precipitation and stream
flow/water level data. An ALERT system can provide data much more timely that the NWS. Known
flood prone areas can be targeted so that real-time notification can happen. There is the potential
to piggyback on existing systems that are already located along the Front Range. The
implementation of a County wide real-time early warning system would reduce the potential for loss
of life due to flooding. The warning system should consist of real-time ALERT stream gages, rain
gages, and weather stations. The data can be used by the NWS to help provide more accurate and
timely weather forecasts and warnings. Many other cities, counties, and jurisdictions along the
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Front Range have implemented the ALERT warning system and have successfully used the real-time
data to provide warnings to affected residents in a timely manner.
RECOMMENDATION: The County can provide more accurate information and give citizen’s greater
warning that an event may be happening. Greater warning ensures greater life safety.
ACTION: ALERT Flood warning System
LEAD AGENCY: Weld County Public
Works/OEM
EXPECTED COST: $200,000.00
SUPPORT AGENCIES: Colorado Division of
Water Resource and USGS
POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: CWCB and FEMA
grants, affected municipalities that partner with Weld
County.
PROGRESS MILESTONES:
Weld County: Public Warning System
PRIORITY: High HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Severe Weather
LOCATION: Weld County GOALS ADDRESSED: 1
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 10.12.15 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: A
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 10.31.2018
ISSUE: Weld County needs to add additional warning sirens to the warning system in Weld County.
Currently there are 11 communities that have sirens in Weld County. The focus of this action is to add
sirens to unincorporated subdivisions in Weld County
RECOMMENDATION: Weld County has a high number of tornado warnings each year, Weld County in
coordination local communities obtained a grant for sirens in each community after the tornado in
2008. Some of the areas not covered are the unincorporated subdivisions in the county, adding sirens
to Briggsdale, Roggan, Galeton, Aristocrat Acers and Carr will help with early warning for citizens that
live in these areas. Weld County Communication has the ability to launch all sirens in a warned area
and these additional sirens would be included in our current network.
ACTION: Public Warning System
LEAD AGENCY: Weld County Emergency
Management
EXPECTED COST: $25,000.00 for each siren system
SUPPORT AGENCIES: Buildings and Grounds POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: Grant funding
PROGRESS MILESTONES:
Weld County: Storm Ready
PRIORITY: High HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Severe Storms
LOCATION: Weld County-wide GOALS ADDRESSED: 2,3,
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 2009 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: A, B
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: Two classes
held in the spring March-May, annually
ISSUE: One of the goals for the Northeast region is to have all 11 counties participate in Storm Ready.
Weld County has been a participant in the past, and the intent is to maintain Storm Ready status.
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RECOMMENDATION: As a Storm Ready County, we hold several Weather Spotter Classes. These
classes are taught by NOAA and participants can become a spotter and report information to NOAA or
the WCRCC.
ACTION: Apply and maintain ‘Storm Ready” status with NOAA.
LEAD AGENCY: Weld County OEM in
conjunction with appropriate County/Town
Departments with municipalities.
EXPECTED COST: Staff Time and funds for meeting for
drinks and goodies. This will come from the OEM
budget
SUPPORT AGENCIES: Sheriff’s Office, Weld
County Regional Communications, Public
Works.
POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: OEM Budget and
local business sponsor’s
PROGRESS MILESTONES:
Weld County: Improve Dam Safety
PRIORITY: Medium HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Dam Failure/Flooding
LOCATION: Weld County GOALS ADDRESSED: 2, 4
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 2009 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: B, D
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: Annual
updates and reviews
ISSUE: Weld County has 28 dams, 6 are class 1 Hazard. Several other dams in Boulder and Larimer
counties are class 1 and have a direct effect on planning for Weld County.
RECOMMENDATION: Continue to maintain emergency response plans for the dams in Weld County,
Work with the Division of Water Resource to update all documentation and coordinate with Dam
owners for planning and preparedness. Participate with the Division of Water Resource and the
Bureau of Reclamation on Dan Safety Exercises and planning.
ACTION: Improve Dam Safety
LEAD AGENCY: Weld County OEM,
Coordinated with the Division of Water
Resource
EXPECTED COST: Staff Time
SUPPORT AGENCIES: Planning Department /
Flood Plain Manager
POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: OEM Budget
PROGRESS MILESTONES:
6.4 2016 Hazard Mitigation Plan Action Report
The final, and arguably the most important step in updating the Mitigation Strategy was the creation of
new Mitigation Actions. In preparing their Mitigation Actions, the County and each participating
jurisdiction considered the planning goals and their individual hazard risks, priorities, and capabilities to
mitigate identified hazards. The actions below represent the key outcome of the mitigation planning
process.
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As detailed above, members of the HMPC referred to STAPLEE to assist with the prioritization of their
actions. All actions are tied to specific goals and objectives to ensure alignment with the Plan’s overall
mitigation strategy. The following Mitigation Action Guides describe the newly identified mitigation
actions for Weld County. The 2016 actions for each of the participating jurisdictions are included in the
community profiles.
Weld County: County Resiliency Study
PRIORITY: Medium HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Drought, Earthquake, Land
Subsidence, Extreme Temperatures, Flood, Severe
Storm, Wind & Tornado, Fire, Public Health, Hazmat
LOCATION: County Wide GOALS ADDRESSED: 3, 1, 2
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 10/13/2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: A, D
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 10/31/2020
ISSUE: Traditional preparedness education has not been measured, and as a result, we don’t have a
good understanding of their effectiveness. Weld County wants to better understand the vulnerability
and capability of the people in our communities, and work toward building resilience to disaster, with
a “whole community” approach to preparedness outreach and education.
RECOMMENDATION: Weld County would like to pursue a resiliency study over the next three to four
years. The goal would be to better understand each community’s resilience (social vulnerability,
capabilities and social capital) and then build upon the existing preparedness education program to
target the areas that will make communities more resilient. The program would include a tool for
measuring results annually, and evaluating the effectiveness of preparedness outreach.
ACTION: Conduct a resiliency study
LEAD AGENCY: Weld County OEM EXPECTED COST: OEM staff time, contractor costs
$100,000.
SUPPORT AGENCIES: Community Emergency
Managers and First Responder Agencies
POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: CDBG, HMGP grants;
private grant or Weld County government special
project funding (if available).
PROGRESS MILESTONES:
Weld County: Load-limited Bridge Replacement
PRIORITY: High HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flooding
LOCATION: Six locations GOALS ADDRESSED: 1, 2, 4
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 10.12.2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: E, D
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 10.12.2018
ISSUE: Weld County has six load-limited bridges, four of which are rated as “structurally deficient.”
The bridges were constructed between 1957 and 1978. There is a potential danger to motorists
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crossing the bridges, especially for trucks over the posted weight limits. These bridges are also more
likely to fail in storm events, which would lead to road closures.
RECOMMENDATION: Weld County Public Works will replace the bridges as funding becomes
available.
ACTION: Replace all six bridges.
LEAD AGENCY: Weld County Public Works EXPECTED COST: Each bridge costs approximately
$400,000 to replace, plus staff time, if design is done
in-house. CDOT grants typically cover 80% of the
construction cost.
SUPPORT AGENCIES: None POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: annual budget,
FHWA/ CDOT grant funding
PROGRESS MILESTONES: Two of the bridges are currently contracted for replacement. Another will be
replaced by Public Works staff early in 2016. Below is an image of Bridge 26-25A
Weld County: County Road 49 Interchanges
PRIORITY: Medium HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Severe Weather, Hazmat
LOCATION: Intersections of 49 and 22, 30, 54 GOALS ADDRESSED: 2, 4
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 10.12.2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: D, E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 10.12.2025
ISSUE: In the event of an evacuation event, state highways will be congested to the point of stand-
still. Once widening of County Road 49 is completed at the end of 2017, it will function as a north-
south alternative to I-25 and US 85 and draw development to the area, but the road may not be able
to handle the influx of traffic during such an evacuation event. To keep traffic on 49 flowing, no new
traffic signals are planned at intersections. The County is exploring constructing grade-separated
interchanges at major intersections.
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RECOMMENDATION: Since constructing interchanges is a long-term project, the County should
consider obtaining cost estimates and traffic studies, and incrementally obtain necessary right-of-way
and designs.
ACTION: Improvements include constructing grade-separated interchanges.
LEAD AGENCY: Weld County Public Works EXPECTED COST: Costs are unknown at this time.
SUPPORT AGENCIES: CDOT POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: annual budget,
FHWA/ CDOT
PROGRESS MILESTONES: None at this time.
Weld County: Drainage Improvements Near Parkway
PRIORITY: High HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flooding
LOCATION: Weld County Parkway GOALS ADDRESSED: 1,2,4
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 10.12.2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: D, E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 10.12.2018
ISSUE: The new Weld County Parkway crosses through an area hit hard by the 2013 flood at the
confluence of the South Platte and Cache la Poudre Rivers. The County is hiring a consultant to help
study the drainage in the area and produce a project list for improvements that would help protect
people and property in the area from future floods and ensure the road stays open to travel.
RECOMMENDATION: Once the study is complete, it should be implemented as funding becomes
available.
ACTION: Exact actions required are unknown at this time but will likely entail purchasing land and
constructing drainageways and detention ponds. Designs will need to be completed beyond the
conceptual designs that will be provided in the study.
LEAD AGENCY: Weld County Public Works EXPECTED COST: Implementation costs are unknown
at this time.
SUPPORT AGENCIES: US Army Corps of
Engineers
POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: annual budget,
possible grant funding
PROGRESS MILESTONES: The study is expected to be completed in June, 2016.
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Parkway Bridge over Cache la Poudre River
Weld County: Railroad Crossing Improvements
PRIORITY: Medium HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Severe Weather, Hazmat
LOCATION: Numerous locations GOALS ADDRESSED: 2, 4
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 10.12.2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: D, E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 10.12.2018
ISSUE: In the case of an accident involving a train, the train could block railroad crossings on county
roads for an extended period of time, blocking evacuation routes and emergency response vehicles.
Many crossings have only a stop sign at the crossing. Many crossings are close to highway/county
road intersections where traffic stopped at the intersection often stops on the railroad tracks.
RECOMMENDATION: Weld County Public Works will prioritize necessary improvements at railroad
crossings, with the help of support agencies. The plan will be reviewed by Public Works and the BOCC
to identify projects supported by annual budgets and projects eligible for grant funding. The County
should consider adopting a recommended minimum distance between grade-separated railroad
crossings and work to meet that goal.
ACTION: Improvements include constructing grade-separated railroad crossings, crossing gates, bells,
and signals, road improvements to access the next nearest crossing, and installing additional signage
at crossings to warn motorists of the dangers of trains.
LEAD AGENCY: Weld County Public Works EXPECTED COST: Each grade-separated crossing would
likely cost at least $10 million. Lower cost projects may
include crossing gates, bells, and signals, which may
require extension of electricity to the crossing, road
improvements, and additional signage.
SUPPORT AGENCIES: CDOT, PUC, railroads,
OEM, Sheriff’s Office and other emergency
response agencies near railroads
POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: annual budget,
FHWA/ CDOT, railroads
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PROGRESS MILESTONES: The County has begun discussing options for some crossings of concern
along the Union Pacific line that runs parallel to US Highway 85 with CDOT and will begin discussions
with UP soon. Crossings of other railroad lines need to be examined as well.
Union Pacific Railroad crossing on Weld County Road 86 at US 85
Weld County: River Channel Clearing
PRIORITY: High HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flooding
LOCATION: Numerous bridge locations GOALS ADDRESSED: 2, 4
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 10.12.2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: D, E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 10.12.2018
ISSUE: Sand, rocks, and debris naturally build up on river banks near bridges, but can restrict the flow
and cause the river to overtop the bridge, road, and surrounding property during storms. To prevent
this, the river banks should be cleared upstream and downstream of bridges for approximately 500
feet.
RECOMMENDATION: Weld County Public Works will put together a list of bridges where the buildup is
a concern and prioritize the list. The plan will be reviewed by Public Works and the BOCC to identify
projects supported by annual budgets and projects eligible for grant funding.
ACTION: Improvements include removal of sand and debris where necessary. River channels would
not be affected.
LEAD AGENCY: Weld County Public Works EXPECTED COST: Each project is approximately
$250,000 and there are approximately 15 projects.
SUPPORT AGENCIES: Permits are required
through the US Army Corps of Engineers.
POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: annual budget, DOLA
EIAF grants, HMGP
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PROGRESS MILESTONES: None at this time.
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7 Plan Implementation and Maintenance
Having a plan for monitoring, evaluating, and updating Weld County’s mitigation strategy is critical to
maintaining its value and success. Ensuring effective implementation of mitigation activities paves the
way for continued momentum in the planning process and gives direction for the future. This section
explains who will be responsible for maintenance activities and what those responsibilities entail. It also
provides a methodology and schedule of maintenance activities including a description of how the
public will be involved on a continual basis.
This Chapter discusses how the Weld County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Strategy will be
implemented and how the overall Hazard Mitigation Plan will be evaluated and enhanced over time. This
section also discusses how the public and participating stakeholders will continue to be involved in the
hazard mitigation planning process. This chapter consists of the following subsections:
IMPLEMENTATION ACTION PLAN
PLAN INTEGRATION, EXISTING CAPABILITIES AND RESOURCES
FUTURE PLAN EVALUATION, MONITORING, UPDATING
7.1 Implementation Action Plan
The 2016 planning process was overseen by the Weld County Office of Emergency Management, in
coordination with other County departments.
The Weld County Board of Commissioners has authorized the submission of this Plan to both the
Colorado Division of Homeland Security and Emergency Management (DHSEM) and the Federal
Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) for their respective reviews and subsequent approvals. Upon
state and federal approval, the Weld County Board of Commissioners will act to formally adopt this Plan.
7.1.1 Plan Integration, Existing Capabilities and Resources
Weld County maintains a comprehensive set of emergency management plans, developed in a multi-
disciplinary environment where county departments, jurisdictional agencies and representatives, non-
profit and community organizations, and the private sector are included in the planning process. This set
of plans encompass all phases of emergency management and the work done on the 2016 Weld County
Hazard Mitigation Plan will be integrated into these efforts moving forward.
The 2016 Hazard Mitigation Plan (HMP), and especially the hazard and risk assessment within it, was
used to inform the Local Emergency Operations Plan (LEOP) and the Recovery Plan (RP). For example,
the highest risk hazards and highest priority actions identified in the HMP influence coordinated
planning for response in the LEOP. In addition, the social vulnerability analysis from the HMP will
directly impact plans for recovery in the RP in terms of resource prioritization and public outreach
strategies.
Additionally, when the LEOP and RP are activated, there will be an opportunity to identify mitigation
actions and capability gaps that may be addressed in the HMP. By integrating the HMP with the County’s
comprehensive set of emergency management plans, a strong foundation for resilience has been set
through smart emergency preparedness, mitigation, response and recovery, before, during and after an
emergency or disaster event.
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The capability assessment examines the ability of Weld County to implement and manage the
comprehensive mitigation strategy laid out in this Plan. The strengths, weaknesses, and resources of the
County are identified here as a means for evaluating and maintaining effective and appropriate
management of the town’s hazard mitigation program.
Local Personnel
The ability of a community to implement a comprehensive mitigation strategy depends, in part, on
available resources, including people and staff. The table below outlines Weld County’s capabilities as
they relate to key personnel.
Full Time Part Time None or Not-Identified
Emergency Manager X
Floodplain Administrator X
Community Planner X
GIS Specialist X
Grant Writer X
In Weld County, grant writing is left to each department. If subject matter experts are needed then the
Department Head coordinates that issue.
Land Use Planning and Codes
Local land use plans and building codes are tremendous tools for evaluating local policies related to
hazard mitigation and risk reduction. Additionally, comprehensive master plans, capital improvement
plans, stormwater plans and zoning ordinances all present opportunities for enhanced local capabilities.
The table below outlines the County’s current capabilities as they relate to land use planning and codes.
Yes (Y);
No (N);
I don’t know
(IDK)
A zoning ordinance Y
A hazard-specific ordinance N
Local building codes Y
A comprehensive plan / master plan Y
A Capital Improvements Plan Y
A Stormwater Plan Y
A Continuity of Operations Plan (COOP) Y
An Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) Y
A Long-Term Recovery Plan In process
Participates in the NFIP Y
The Weld County COOP was currently under review by the BOCC during the development of the 2016
Hazard Mitigation Plan. Adoption of the COOP is expected before the end of 2015. Additionally, the
County’s Long Term Recovery plan is under development (as of October 2015).
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7.1.2 Plan Maintenance and Implementation
Weld County has developed a Plan Maintenance and Implementation Strategy outlining their method
and schedule for keeping the plan current. The Implementation Strategy below also includes a
discussion of how the County will continue to encourage public participation in the plan maintenance
process.
Jurisdiction Plan Maintenance and Implementation Strategy
Weld County
“Weld County will actively maintain the hazard mitigation plan by coordinating a
review of all mitigation actions annually, and will determine needed updates at
the January Multi-Agency Coordinating Group meeting each year.”
“Weld County OEM staff will meet with participating jurisdictions that are not
able to attend the meeting either in person or by phone to facilitate a complete
update. Weld County OEM will also present the plan to the Weld County
Commissioners annually for approval.”
At a minimum, annual mitigation-specific public outreach and engagement
activities (e.g. town hall meetings, information booths at community events,
social media campaigns, etc.) will be spearheaded by the County to facilitate
continued public participation in the plan maintenance process over time.
Weld County will actively maintain the hazard mitigation plan by coordinating an annual review of all
mitigation actions included in the 2016 Mitigation Strategy. The County will facilitate the mitigation
action check-in process with each participating community at the January Multi-Agency Coordinating
Group meeting each year. Weld County OEM staff will meet with participating jurisdictions that are not
able to attend the meeting either in person or by phone to facilitate a complete update. Weld County
OEM will also present the plan to the Weld County Commissioners annually for approval.
Each participating jurisdiction has identified a process through which it will evaluate, maintain, and
update their local mitigation actions. Details about their processes are included in the Community
Profiles section of the plan.
The 2016 Plan will be updated by the FEMA approved five year anniversary date, as required by the
Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000, or following a disaster event. Future plan updates will account for any
new hazard vulnerabilities, special circumstances, or new information that becomes available. During
the five-year review process, the following questions will be considered as criteria for assessing the
effectiveness of the Weld County Hazard Mitigation Plan.
Has the nature or magnitude of hazards affecting the County changed?
Are there new hazards that have the potential to impact the County?
Do the identified goals and actions address current and expected conditions?
Have mitigation actions been implemented or completed?
Has the implementation of identified mitigation actions resulted in expected outcomes?
Are current resources adequate to implement the plan?
Should additional local resources be committed to address identified hazards?
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Issues that arise during monitoring and evaluation which require changes to the local hazard, risk and
vulnerability summary, mitigation strategy, and other components of the plan will be incorporated
during future updates.
7.1.3 Integrating Hazard Mitigation into Local Planning
Through discussions at planning meetings and the use of an online survey, individual outreach, and
phone calls, each participating jurisdiction brainstormed with the planning team to identify processes
for integrating hazard mitigation into their local planning mechanisms and policies. The table below lists
the specific integration strategies identified by Weld County based on the mitigation actions listed in this
plan.
Table 66. Processes for Integrating Hazard Mitigation into Other Planning Mechanisms
Jurisdiction Strategy
Weld County
“Weld County maintains a comprehensive set of emergency management plans,
developed in a multi-disciplinary environment where county departments,
jurisdictional agencies and representatives, non-profit and community
organizations, and the private sector are included in the planning process. This
set of plans encompass all phases of emergency management.
The Hazard Mitigation Plan (HMP), and especially the hazard and risk
assessment within it, informs the Local Emergency Operations Plan (LEOP) and
the Recovery Plan (RP, currently in draft form). For example, the highest risk
hazards and highest priority actions identified in the HMP influence coordinated
planning for response in the LEOP. In addition, the social vulnerability analysis in
the HMP will directly impact plans for recovery in the RP.
Likewise, When the LEOP and RP are activated, there is an opportunity to identify
mitigation actions and capability gaps that may be addressed in the HMP.
Together, the comprehensive set of emergency management plans provide Weld
County’s foundation for emergency preparedness, mitigation, response and
recovery, before, during and after an emergency or disaster event.”
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Appendix A – Meeting Agendas & Sign-In Sheets
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Appendix B – Community Profiles
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Community Profiles
The following Community Profiles were produced to provide additional, specific information that is
unique to each participating jurisdiction included in this Hazard Mitigation Plan.
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Town of Ault
“Ault will be a vibrant, safe, friendly, attractive small town with thriving businesses, well-tended
neighborhoods, excellent parks, good schools and opportunities for everyone. It will be a model for
social, economic and environmental sustainability.”
– Town of Ault Comprehensive Plan
Community Profile
Ault is located on the intersection of Hwy 85 and Hwy 14, and is well-known for its antique shops, Fall
Festival, and International Food Fest. It is also known as the “Gateway to the Pawnee Grasslands.” Today,
Ault is an important crossroads for transporting goods and services but is no longer heavily reliant on its
agricultural roots. Instead, the town has developed a variety of businesses and services such as banking,
insurance, retail, and the Highland School District headquarters amongst many others. In recent years,
Ault has transformed into a bedroom community for residents working in Cheyenne, Fort Collins and
Greeley, all of which are less than 45 minutes from town. Future regional growth will impact many facets
of the community and present residents with the challenge of addressing the impacts of growth while
preserving the unique attributes that make Ault special.
The table below summarizes key demographic and development related characteristics of the Town of
Ault.
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Town of Ault Statistics
Town of Ault Colorado
Population, 2014 1,603 5,355,866
Population, % change April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014 5.3% 6.5%
% Population under 5 years, 2010 7.3% 6.8%
% Population under 19 years, 2010 24.4% 27.1%
% Population 65 years and over, 2010 11.7% 10.7%
Language other than English spoken at home, % age 5+,
2009-2013 13.2% 16.8%
Homeownership Rate 64.6% 65.4%
Persons Per Household 2.63 2.53
Persons below poverty level, %, 2009-2013 15.2% 13.2%
Median Household Income, 2009- 2013 $48,654 $58,433
Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment
NATURAL HAZARD PROBABILITY IMPACT SPATIAL
EXTENT
WARNING
TIME
DURATION RF
RATING
Severe Storm 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.2 0.1 2.600
HAZMAT 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.4 0.2 2.600
Straight-Line Winds &
Tornadoes 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.3 0.2 2.500
Extreme Temperatures 0.9 0.3 0.6 0.1 0.4 2.300
Drought 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.4 1.800
Public Health Hazards 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.2 1.700
Prairie Fire 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.1 1.600
Land Subsidence 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.1 1.600
Flood 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 1.300
Earthquake 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 1.000
HIGH RISK (2.5 or higher): Severe Storm, HAZMAT, Straight-Line Winds and Tornadoes
MODERATE RISK HAZARD (2.0 - 2.4): Extreme Temperatures
Low Risk (1.9 or lower): Drought; Public Health Hazards, Prairie Fire; Land Subsidence; Flood;
Earthquake
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Vulnerability Assessment
This section provides a refined vulnerability assessment, specific for the Town of Ault, for those hazards
that were identified as being rated HIGH in the preceding section. This analysis was conducted separately
from that of the county-wide vulnerability assessment to specifically focus on the population, structures,
infrastructure, and other assets unique to the Town of Ault.
The results of the social vulnerability assessment are displayed on the map below. On the map, social
vulnerability is represented at the census tract level by 5 classes of vulnerability: Low (bottom 20% of the
county), Medium-Low, Medium, Medium-High, and High (top 20% of the county). The Town of Ault’s
social vulnerability map shows social vulnerability within the community.
Ault is characterized by medium levels of social vulnerability throughout. A closer look at the individual
social vulnerability indicators within the city will give local emergency managers, planners, and
stakeholders an even clearer picture of which social vulnerability factors have the largest negative effect
on the community and its resiliency over time.
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Severe Storm (Hail, Lightning, Winter Storm)
Hail
According to the best available data there are no reported injuries, deaths, property damage, or crop
damage in the Town of Ault. There were no hail events recorded within the city limits; however, several
hail events occurred less than one mile from the town limits. Although there is no historic data showing
hazardous impacts on the town, there is a great potential for hail events to occur at any given time.
Lightning
According to the best available data, no injuries, deaths, property damage, or crop damage have occurred
within the Town of Ault caused by Lightning. Although there is no historic data showing hazardous impacts
on the town, there is a great potential for Lightning to occur at any given time.
Winter Storm
According to NOAA’s Storm Events Database, the Town of Ault has experienced 54 Winter Storms since
1996. On December 28, 2006 there was report of a winter storm causing $102,000 in property damage in
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central WWeld County. There were no deaths, injuries or damage to crops reported for any of these
storms. The Town of Ault is at high risk of experiencing Winter Storms during the winter months.
Inventory Exposed
All assets located in the Town of Ault can be considered at risk from severe storms. This includes 1,603
people, or 100% of the town’s population and all buildings and infrastructure within the town. Damages
primarily occur as a result of high winds, lightning strikes, hail, snow-loading, and flooding. Most
structures, including the town’s critical facilities, should be able to provide adequate protection from hail
but the structures could suffer broken windows and dented exteriors. Those facilities with back-up
generators are better equipped to handle severe weather situation should the power go out.
Potential Losses
Severe storms affect the entire planning area of the Town of Ault including all above-ground structures
and infrastructure. Although losses to structures are typically minimal and covered by insurance, there
can be impacts with lost time, maintenance costs, and contents within structures. A timely forecast may
not be able to mitigate the property loss, but could reduce the casualties and associated injuries.
It appears possible to forecast these extreme events with some skill, but further research needs to be
done to test the existing hypothesis about the interaction between the convective storm and its
environment that produces the extensive swath of high winds. Severe storms will remain a highly likely
occurrence for the Town of Ault. It is likely that lightning and hail will also be experienced in the area due
to such storms.
HAZMAT
Based on data supplied by the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration’s (PHMSA) Incident
Reports Database there have been 4 reported HAZMAT incidents within the Town of Ault between 1972
and 2015.
Inventory Exposed
US 85 runs through the Town of Ault and is a designated nuclear and hazardous materials transportation
routes. All structures, natural resources, and people located within one mile of these transportation
routes are exposed to the impacts of a potential HAZMAT event. Structures, people, and natural resources
located outside of a one mile buffer of these routes are also at risk of exposure.
Assets and people that are located within one mile of an industrial or commercial fixed site are also at risk
of exposure to the impacts of a HAZMAT release.
Potential Losses
HAZMAT related events occur throughout Weld County every year. The intensity and magnitude of these
incidents depend on weather conditions, the location of the event, the time of day, and the process by
which the materials are released. Was it raining when the event happened? Were the hazardous materials
being transported by rail when they were released or were they at a fixed facility? Did the spill happen
during rush hour traffic or in the middle of the night? All of these considerations matter when determining
the risk and potential damages associated with a HAZMAT incident.
HAZMAT events have the potential to threaten lives and disrupt business activity. Moreover, HAZMAT
incidents can cause serious environmental contamination to air, ground, and water sources.
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Straight-Line Winds and Tornadoes
According to the best available data, no injuries, deaths, or crop damages have been recorded within the
Town of Ault due to tornadoes. There is record of 1 tornado reported within the town limits between on
July 10, 1955. This incident caused $3,000 worth of property loss. There have been tornadoes reported
very close to the borders of the town limits. Tornadoes will remain a highly likely occurrence for the Town
of Ault.
According to the best available data, no injuries, deaths, property or crop damages have been recorded
within the Town of Ault due to straight-line winds. Straight-line winds remain a highly likely occurrence
for the Town of Ault.
Inventory Exposed
All assets located in the Town of Ault can be considered at risk from straight-line winds and tornadoes.
This includes 1,603 people, or 100% of the town’s population, and all buildings and structures within the
town. Most structures, including the town’s critical facilities, should be able to withstand and provide
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adequate protection from severe wind and tornadoes. Those facilities with back-up generators should be
fully equipped to handle severe wind and tornado events should the power go out.
Potential Losses
Generally, straight-line wind events and tornadoes destroy private, commercial, and public property.
Additional costs stem from debris removal, maintenance, repair, and response. Indirect costs include loss
of industrial and commercial productivity as a result of damage to infrastructure, facilities, or interruption
of services. Because no specific, community-wide loss estimation exists for wind and tornado hazards,
potential losses are related to structure value. The building value of the structures in this area amounts
to roughly $47,452,860. Potential losses could be substantial.
Capabilities Assessment
The capability assessment examines the ability of the Town of Ault to implement and manage the
comprehensive mitigation strategy laid out in this Plan. The strengths, weaknesses, and resources of the
community are identified here as a means for evaluating and maintaining effective and appropriate
management of the town’s hazard mitigation program.
Local Personnel
The ability of a community to implement a comprehensive mitigation strategy depends, in part, on
available resources, including people and staff. The table below outlines the town’s capabilities as they
relate to key personnel.
Full Time Part Time None or Not-Identified
Emergency Manager X
Floodplain Administrator X
Community Planner X
GIS Specialist X
Grant Writer X
Land Use Planning and Codes
Local land use plans and building codes are tremendous tools for evaluating local policies related to hazard
mitigation and risk reduction. Additionally, comprehensive master plans, capital improvement plans,
stormwater plans and zoning ordinances all present opportunities for enhanced local capabilities. The
table below outlines the town’s current capabilities as they relate to land use planning and codes.
Yes (Y);
No (N);
I don’t know
(IDK)
A zoning ordinance Y
A hazard-specific ordinance N
Local building codes Y
A comprehensive plan / master plan Y
A Capital Improvements Plan Y
A Stormwater Plan Y
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A Continuity of Operations Plan (COOP) IDK
An Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) Y
A Long-Term Recovery Plan N
Participates in the NFIP Y
Building codes are one tool that communities use to enhance public safety. For example, they can increase
structural integrity, mitigate structure fires, and provide benefits in relation to natural hazard avoidance.
In Colorado, land use regulations and building codes are typically implemented at the local level. Even
without a statewide mandate, most counties and many municipalities have enacted regulations and
codes. Town of Ault has adopted a local building code requirement, demonstrating their understanding
of the benefits codes provide, including reduced exposure to hazards.
Plan Maintenance and Implementation
The Town of Ault has developed a Plan Maintenance and Implementation Strategy outlining their method
and schedule for keeping the plan current. The Implementation Strategy below also includes a discussion
of how the town will continue public participation in the plan maintenance process.
Jurisdiction Plan Maintenance and Implementation Strategy
Town of Ault
“We will review the plan on an annual basis with the Town Board.”
“We will engage the public through the Town website.”
Integrating Hazard Mitigation into Local Planning
Through discussions at planning meetings and the use of an online survey, individual outreach, and phone
calls, each participating jurisdiction brainstormed with the planning team to identify processes for
integrating hazard mitigation into their local planning mechanisms and policies. The Town of Ault did not
integrate the 2009 HMP into other local planning mechanisms. The table below lists the specific
integration strategies identified by the Town of Ault based on the mitigation actions listed in this plan.
Jurisdiction Strategy
Town of Ault
“We will update ordinances and zoning to reflect the mitigation priorities in this
Plan. We will also integrate out local mitigation actions into Town capital
improvements.”
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Mitigation Action Guides
The following Mitigation Action Guide presents a status updates on Ault’s mitigation actions included in
the 2009 Plan.
Ault: Continued compliance with the NFIP
PRIORITY: Medium HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flooding
LOCATION: Ault GOALS ADDRESSED: 1,2,3,4
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 2009 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: C, E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: Ongoing
ISSUE: As participants in the NFIP Ault will continue to promote wise use of floodplains through
ordinance administration and periodic update, promotion of flood insurance and staff training,
including encouragement of Certified Floodplain Manager status.
RECOMMENDATION: The benefits are to floodprone building owners who choose to insure against
flood losses, and to taxpayers who no longer would be faced with subsidizing those potential losses.
ACTION: Continue our compliance with the NFIP requirements
LEAD AGENCY: Floodplain Management
officials
EXPECTED COST: Can be accomplished within existing
budgets and staff
PROGRESS MILESTONES: Ault is not participating in the CRS program. However, we are a member of
the NFIP and adopted the model ordinance in August of 2014 as required by the State. Ault enforces
the floodplain regulations in accordance with FEMA’s requirements.
The following Mitigation Action Guide presents Ault’s new mitigation actions that were developed for the
2016 Plan.
Weld County (Including Ault): Storm Ready
PRIORITY: High HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Severe Weather
LOCATION: Weld County-wide GOALS ADDRESSED: 1,2,3
RECOMMENDATION DATE: October 2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: A,B,E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: Four classes in
the spring March-May 2016
ISSUE: One of the goals for the Northeast region is to have all 11 counties participate in Storm Ready.
Weld County has been a participant in the past, and the intent is to maintain Storm Ready status
RECOMMENDATION: As a Storm Ready County, we hold several Weather Spotter Classes. These
classes are taught by NOAA and participants can become a spotter and report information to NOAA or
the WCRCC.
ACTION: Apply and maintain ‘Storm Ready” status with NOAA.
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LEAD AGENCY: Weld County OEM in conjunction with appropriate
County/Town Departments with municipalities participating in this
plan (Ault, Dacono, Evans, Firestone, Fort Lupton, Frederick, Garden
City, Gilcrest, Greeley, Grover, Hudson, Johnstown, Keenesburg,
Kersey, LaSalle, Mead, Milliken, New Raymer, Pierce, Platteville,
Severance, and Windsor), and school districts (Weld County RE-4,
RE-6 and RE-8, Platte Valley Schools).
EXPECTED COST: Staff Time
and funds for meeting for
drinks and goodies. This will
come from the OEM budget
SUPPORT AGENCIES: POTENTIAL FUNDING
SOURCES: OEM Budget and
local business sponsor’s
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Letter of Intent to Participate
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City of Brighton
The City of Brighton is located 20 miles north of downtown Denver and has a land area of 19.98 square
miles. Incorporated in 1887, the city sits along the banks of the South Platte River. The closing of Denver’s
Stapleton Airport in the early 1990s and the opening of the Denver International Airport led to many
changes for the City of Brighton. Rapid and numerous annexations were necessary to accommodate the
increase in population driven by increased accessibility. Once a small town with agricultural roots, the City
of Brighton is now one of the fastest growing cities in Colorado.
The following are the overall goals that the City of Brighton established in their Comprehensive Plan:
Brighton 2020: A Vision for Managing Change and Promoting Excellence. These goals are the foundation
and guide to the public and private sector as decisions are made that “effect the future quality of life of
existing and future residents and the natural and build environment in which they live, learn, work, and
play.” In the context of the Weld County Hazard Mitigation Plan and the City’s local hazard mitigation
program, the achievement of the following goals will depend largely upon the city’s ability to successfully
implement its hazard mitigation strategies and reduce risk to people and property from hazards.
Preserve and enhance Brighton’s quality of life
Preserve and enhance Brighton’s small town identity
Promote and develop Brighton as a sustainable community
Promote and protect Brighton’s “Free-Standing” community
Maintain Brighton’s farming character
Promote Brighton’s local history
Promote community focal points
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Become an “inclusive” community
Encourage interaction among residents
The large majority of Brighton’s long-term planning goals and visions depend on fostering a safe, hazard
resilient community.
Community Profile
The table below summarizes key demographic and development related characteristics of the City of
Brighton.
City of Brighton Statistics
City of Brighton Colorado
Population, 2014 36,765 5,355,866
Population, % change April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014 8.8% 6.5%
% Population under 5 years, 2010 8.6% 6.8%
% Population under 18 years, 2010 29.9% 24.4%
% Population 65 years and over, 2010 8.7% 10.7%
Language other than English spoken at home, % age 5+,
2009-2013 27.6% 16.8%
Homeownership Rate 68.8% 65.4%
Persons Per Household 3.13 2.53
Persons below poverty level, %, 2009-2013 8.2% 13.2%
Median Household Income, 2009- 2013 $62,097 $58,433
Source: US Census Bureau
Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment
The City of Brighton is situated in both Adams and Weld Counties. For the purpose of this plan, spatially
analyzed hazard risks have been assessed for the areas of the city that lie specifically within Weld County.
NATURAL HAZARD PROBABILITY IMPACT SPATIAL
EXTENT
WARNING
TIME DURATION RF
RATING
Public Health Hazards 0.90 0.90 0.80 0.30 0.40 3.30
Straight-Line Winds &
Tornadoes 0.90 0.90 0.80 0.40 0.10 3.10
HAZMAT 1.20 0.90 0.40 0.40 0.20 3.10
Extreme Temperatures 0.90 0.60 0.80 0.40 0.40 3.10
Severe Storm 1.20 0.60 0.80 0.30 0.10 3.00
Prairie Fire 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.40 0.30 2.50
Flood 0.60 0.60 0.40 0.40 0.40 2.40
Drought 0.60 0.30 0.80 0.10 0.40 2.20
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Land Subsidence 0.60 0.30 0.20 0.40 0.10 1.60
Earthquake 0.30 0.30 0.20 0.40 0.10 1.30
HIGH RISK (2.5 or higher): Public Health Hazards; Straight-Line Winds & Tornadoes; HAZMAT;
Extreme Temperatures; Severe Storm; Prairie Fire
MODERATE RISK HAZARD (2.0 - 2.4): Flood; Drought
Low Risk (1.9 or lower): Land Subsidence; Earthquake
Vulnerability Assessment
This section provides a refined vulnerability assessment, specific for the City of Brighton, for those hazards
that were identified as being rated HIGH in the preceding section. This analysis was conducted separately
from that of the county-wide vulnerability assessment to specifically focus on the population, structures,
infrastructure, and other assets unique to City of Brighton.
The results of the social vulnerability assessment are displayed on the map below. On the map, social
vulnerability is represented at the census tract level by 5 classes of vulnerability: Low (bottom 20% of the
county), Medium-Low, Medium, Medium-High, and High (top 20% of the county). The City of Brighton’s
social vulnerability map shows social vulnerability within the community.
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Brighton is characterized by a mix of medium to medium-high levels of social vulnerability. A deeper-dive
into the individual social vulnerability indicators within the city will give local emergency managers,
planners, and stakeholders an even clearer picture of which social vulnerability factors have the largest
negative effect on the community and its resiliency. It is important that the city continue to monitor social
vulnerability levels over time as demographics and economics change in the area.
Public Health Hazards
Public health hazards, including epidemics and pandemics, have the potential to cause serious illness and
death, especially among those who have compromised immune systems due to age or underlying medical
conditions. During the 2015 planning process, pandemic flu was identified as the key public health hazard
in the county.
Inventory Exposed
Due to the regional nature of public health hazards, jurisdictions with higher numbers of socially
vulnerable residents are expected to experience magnified impacts of public health hazards. This includes
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places with high numbers of elderly residents, young children, low income families, and homeless
individuals/outdoor laborers.
The table below shows data related to population vulnerability to public health hazards. Based on Census
information and knowledge of social vulnerability to hazards, jurisdictions with high numbers of elderly
residents, young children, and a high poverty rate can plan accordingly to provide appropriate services
and mitigation assistance during public health hazards outbreaks.
Populations Vulnerable to Public Health Hazards
Age: 65 and Over (%) Age: 5 and under (%) Persons Below Poverty
Level (%)
Colorado 10.9 6.8 12.9
City of Brighton 8.7 8.6 8.2
The City of Brighton has a lower percentage of elderly residents than does the state of Colorado. This is
also true for the percentage of people living below poverty level in the town. A larger percentage of
Brighton residents are under the age of 5 than the general population of Colorado. Based on these
statistics, Brighton residents (in general) do not appear to be acutely vulnerable to the impacts of public
health hazards. That said, future mitigation efforts related to public health hazards should focus on
reaching those residents who are elderly, young children, live in poverty, or are homeless.
Potential Losses
Because there is no defined geographic boundary for public health hazards, all of the people and
infrastructure within the City of Brighton are exposed to public health hazards. Those with elevated risk
and potential loss are the homeless, infirm, elderly, young and low income families. Given the lack of
historical data in the City of Brighton resulting from public health hazards, and that placing a dollar amount
on the cost of a human life are beyond the scope of the Plan, annualized economic losses for the City of
Brighton due to public health hazards are currently considered unquantifiable.
Straight-Line Winds & Tornadoes
According to the best available data, no injuries, deaths, property damage, or crop damages have been
recorded within the City of Brighton due to high wind events or tornadoes. However, there have been
tornadoes reported very close to both the eastern and western borders of the city limits.
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Inventory Exposed
All assets located in the City of Brighton can be considered at risk from severe wind and tornadoes. This
includes 36,765 people, or 100% of the city’s population and all buildings and structures within the City.
Most structures, including the city’s critical facilities, should be able to withstand and provide adequate
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protection from severe wind and tornadoes. Those facilities with back-up generators should be fully
equipped to handle severe wind and tornado events should the power go out.
Potential Loses
Generally, straight-line wind events and tornadoes destroy private, commercial, and public property.
Additional costs stem from debris removal, maintenance, repair, and response. Indirect costs include loss
of industrial and commercial productivity as a result of damage to infrastructure, facilities, or interruption
of services. Because no specific, community-wide loss estimation exists for wind and tornado hazards,
potential losses are related to structure value. The building value of the structures in this area amounts
to roughly $128,302,206. Potential losses could be substantial.
HAZMAT
Based on data provided by Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration’s (PHMSA) Incident
Reports Database there have been no HAZMAT incidents reported in the City of Brighton between 1972
and 2015. I-76 and Highway 85 are two major hazardous and nuclear materials transportation routes that
run through and adjacent to the City. Further planning and research is necessary to identify the volume
and frequency of hazardous materials movement along these transit corridors along with the location of
fixed facilities.
Inventory Exposed
We can’t accurately predict when or where a HAZMAT incident may occur. Therefore, for the purpose of
this plan, all structures, natural resources, and people located within one mile of the designated hazardous
and nuclear materials transportation routes are exposed to the impacts of a potential HAZMAT event.
Structures, people, and natural resources located outside of a one mile buffer of these routes are also at
risk of exposure.
Assets and people that are located within one mile of any industrial or commercial fixed sites are also at
risk of exposure to the impacts of a HAZMAT release.
Potential Losses
HAZMAT related events occur throughout Weld County every year. The intensity and magnitude of these
incidents depend on weather conditions, the location of the event, the time of day, and the process by
which the materials are released. Was it raining when the event happened? Were the hazardous materials
being transported by rail when they were released or were they at a fixed facility? Did the spill happen
during rush hour traffic or in the middle of the night? All of these considerations matter when determining
the risk and potential damages associated with a HAZMAT incident.
HAZMAT events have the potential to threaten lives and disrupt business activity. Moreover, HAZMAT
incidents can cause serious environmental contamination to air, ground, and water sources.
Extreme Temperatures
According to the best available data, no injuries, deaths, or crop damages have been recorded within the
City of Brighton due to extreme temperatures. There are two reports of extreme cold temperatures in
central and southern Weld County on December 16-17, 1996. There is a great potential for extreme
temperature events to occur at any given time.
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Inventory Exposed
Due to the regional nature of extreme temperatures hazards, jurisdictions with higher numbers of socially
vulnerable residents are expected to experience magnified impacts of extreme temperatures. This
includes places with high numbers of elderly residents, low income families and homeless
individuals/outdoor laborers.
The table below shows data related to population vulnerability to extreme temperatures. Based on Census
information and knowledge of social vulnerability to hazards, jurisdictions with high numbers of elderly
residents, a high poverty rate and/or large numbers of rental properties can plan accordingly to provide
appropriate services and mitigation assistance during extreme temperature events.
Populations Vulnerable to Extreme Temperatures
Age: 65 and Over (%) Persons Below Poverty
Level (%)
Renter-occupied housing
units (%)
Colorado 10.9 12.9 34.5
City of Brighton 8.7 8.2 31.2
The City of Brighton has a lower percentage of elderly residents than does the state of Colorado. This is
also true for the percentage of people living below poverty level in the city. A slight larger percentage of
Brighton residents own their homes than the general population of Colorado. Based on these statistics,
Brighton residents (in general) do not appear to be acutely vulnerable to the impacts of extreme
temperatures. That said, future mitigation efforts related to extreme temperature should focus on
reaching those residents who are elderly, live in poverty or are homeless, or are renters.
Potential losses
Because there is no defined geographic boundary for extreme temperature hazards, all of the people and
infrastructure within the City of Brighton are exposed to extreme temperatures. Those with elevated risk
and potential loss are the homeless, infirm, elderly, and low income families. Given the lack of historical
data and limited likelihood of structural losses in the City of Brighton resulting from extreme heat or cold,
and that placing a dollar amount on the cost of a human life are beyond the scope of the Plan, annualized
economic losses for the City of Brighton due to extreme temperatures are currently considered
unquantifiable.
Severe Storm (Hail, Lightning, Winter Storm)
Hail
According to the best available data there are no reported injuries, deaths, property damage, or crop
damage in the City of Brighton. There was one hail event recorded within the city limits as well as several
hail events that occurred less than one mile from the city limits, none of which reported injuries, deaths,
property damage, or crop damage. Although there is no historic data showing hazardous impacts on the
town, there is a great potential for hail events to occur at any given time.
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Lightning
According to the best available data, no injuries, deaths, property damage, or crop damage have occurred
within the City of Brighton caused by Lightning. Although there is no historic data showing hazardous
impacts on the city, there is a great potential for Lightning to occur at any given time.
Winter Storm
According to NOAA’s Storm Events Database, the City of Brighton has experienced 25 Winter Storms since
1996. There were no deaths, injuries or damage to crops reported for any of these storms. On December
28, 2006 there was report of a winter storm causing $102,000 in property damage in central and southern
Weld County. The City of Brighton is at high risk of experiencing Winter Storms during the winter months.
Inventory Exposed
All assets located in the City of Brighton can be considered at risk from severe storms. This includes 36,765
people, or 100% of the town’s population and all buildings and infrastructure within the city. Damages
primarily occur as a result of high winds, lightning strikes, hail, snow-loading, and flooding. Most
structures, including the town’s critical facilities, should be able to provide adequate protection from hail
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but the structures could suffer broken windows and dented exteriors. Those facilities with back-up
generators are better equipped to handle severe weather situation should the power go out.
Potential Losses
Severe storms affect the entire planning area of the City of Brighton including all above-ground structures
and infrastructure. Although losses to structures are typically minimal and covered by insurance, there
can be impacts with lost time, maintenance costs, and contents within structures. A timely forecast may
not be able to mitigate the property loss, but could reduce the casualties and associated injuries.
It appears possible to forecast these extreme events with some skill, but further research needs to be
done to test the existing hypothesis about the interaction between the convective storm and its
environment that produces the extensive swath of high winds. Severe storms will remain a highly likely
occurrence for the City of Brighton. It is likely that lightning and hail will also be experienced in the area
due to such storms.
Prairie Fire
There are a number of areas in the northeastern region of the city that are within the medium to highest
level on the WUI Risk Index Scale. This means that the potential impact on people and homes from a
Prairie Fire in those areas is medium to high in relationship to the rest of Weld County. This level of risk is
derived by combining housing density with predicted flame length.
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Inventory Exposed
Fires can extensively impact the economy of an affected area, including the agricultural, recreation and
tourism industries, water resources, and the critical facilities upon which the City of Brighton depends.
There are no areas of high wildfire threat according to the WUI Risk Index. There are areas of medium
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threat. There are no identified critical facilities located in areas with the moderate wildfire threat total.
The appraisal value of the structures within these moderate threat areas is approximately $5,616,745.
Potential Losses
Currently, there is no method for estimating wildfire loss. In most cases, the emergency management
community equates potential losses to assets exposed to wildfire as a method of quantifying and
comparing potential losses across communities. The exposure data provided in the previous section
(Inventory Assets Exposed) provides the clearest picture of potential losses to wildfire in the City of
Brighton.
Capabilities Assessment
The capability assessment examines the ability of the City of Brighton to implement and manage the
comprehensive mitigation strategy laid out in this Plan. The strengths, weaknesses, and resources of the
community are identified here as a means for evaluating and maintaining effective and appropriate
management of the City’s hazard mitigation program.
Local Personnel
The ability of a community to implement a comprehensive mitigation strategy depends, in part, on
available resources, including people and staff. The table below outlines the City’s capabilities as they
relate to key personnel.
Full Time Part Time None or Not-Identified
Emergency Manager X
Floodplain
Administrator
X
Community Planner X
GIS Specialist X
Grant Writer x
Land Use Planning and Codes
Local land use plans and building codes are tremendous tools for evaluating local policies related to hazard
mitigation and risk reduction. Additionally, comprehensive master plans, capital improvement plans,
stormwater plans and zoning ordinances all present opportunities for enhanced local capabilities. The
table below outlines the City’s current capabilities as they relate to land use planning and codes.
Yes (Y);
No (N);
I don’t know
(IDK)
A zoning ordinance Y
A hazard-specific ordinance N
Local building codes Y
A Comprehensive Plan / Master Plan Y
A Capital Improvements Plan Y
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A Stormwater Plan Y
A Continuity of Operations Plan (COOP) Y
An Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) Y
A Long-Term Recovery Plan N
Participates in the NFIP Y
Building codes are one tool that communities use to enhance public safety. For example, they can increase
structural integrity, mitigate structure fires, and provide benefits in relation to natural hazard avoidance.
In Colorado, land use regulations and building codes are typically implemented at the local level. Even
without a statewide mandate, most counties and many municipalities have enacted regulations and
codes. The City of Brighton has adopted a local building code requirement, demonstrating their
understanding of the benefits codes provide, including reduced exposure to hazards.
Plan Maintenance and Implementation
The City of Brighton has developed a Plan Maintenance and Implementation Strategy outlining their
method and schedule for keeping the plan current. The Implementation Strategy below also includes a
discussion of how the city will continue public participation in the plan maintenance process.
Jurisdiction Plan Maintenance and Implementation Strategy
City of Brighton
“Our mitigation actions will be reviewed by Emergency Management annually,
and by City Council and or Fire BOD as needed.”
“Mitigation actions, activities and information will be integrated into existing
public education programs and shared via website and or social media as
necessary.”
Integrating Hazard Mitigation into Local Planning
Through discussions at planning meetings and the use of an online survey, individual outreach, and phone
calls, each participating jurisdiction brainstormed with the planning team to identify processes for
integrating hazard mitigation into their local planning mechanisms and policies. The City of Brighton did
not integrate the 2009 HMP into other local planning mechanisms. The table below lists the specific
integration strategy identified by the City of Brighton based on the mitigation actions listed in this plan.
Jurisdiction Strategy
City of Brighton
“We will integrate hazard Mitigation actions into our existing public
education/community training programs to continually increase awareness
about local hazards and potential consequences.”
Mitigation Action Guides
The City of Brighton did have mitigation actions included in the 2010 DRCOG Hazard Mitigation Plan,
included below.
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Action Project Need and Location
Responsible
Agencies
L- Lead Agency
S – Support Agency
Status & Notes
Continued National
Flood Insurance
Program (NFIP)
Participation
Multi-Jurisdiction Action
In coordination with the
UDFCD, continue to
participate in the NFIP by
implementing and
improving upon effective
floodplain and stormwater
management practices.
Project Lead not
identified
In Progress /
Ongoing - majority
of jurisdictions
continue to
participate in the
NFIP, discussions
regarding additional
jurisdictional
participation
ongoing.
Coordinate with local
water providers to
continually identify and
promote water
conservation measures,
including but not
limited to, incentive
programs, water
efficient appliances,
xeriscaping and the use
of recycled water where
feasible.
Multi-Jurisdiction Action Project Lead not
identified
No Longer
Applicable /
Remove - It was
determined that
this action is being
addressed by
various water
districts serving the
County.
Monitor proceedings of
the Colorado Water
Availability Task Force.
When necessary,
support water providers
in the implementation
of conservation
measures
Multi-Jurisdiction Action Project Lead not
identified
In Progress /
Ongoing - OEM will
continue to monitor
and support as
necessary.
Provide the DRCOG
HMP to other
departments for
possible integration into
various planning efforts
Multi-Jurisdiction Action Emergency
Manager
In Progress /
Ongoing - OEM will
continue to involve
the Public Works
and Planning
Departments in all
future Hazard
Mitigation Planning
activities.
Jurisdiction or Organization: City of Brighton Preparedness and Mitigation Guides
PRIORITY: MEDIUM HAZARDS ADDRESSED: All
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LOCATION: City of Brighton and Brighton
Fire Rescue District
GOALS ADDRESSED: 2, 4
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 10/20/2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED:
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 12/31/2016 2.2.2; 4.1.1.2
ISSUE: Residents need general information about local hazards, preparedness and response activities
RECOMMENDATION: Hazard Mitigation and Preparedness Guides have been developed to focus on
education of local hazards, and must continue to be distributed to residents within the City of
Brighton and Brighton Fire Rescue District.
ACTION: Continue to distribute existing mitigation guides to residents within both the City of Brighton
and the Brighton Fire Rescue District
LEAD AGENCY: City of Brighton, Brighton
Fire Rescue District
EXPECTED COST: The Guides have already been
purchased, remaining cost is the staff time necessary
to distribute guides to residents
SUPPORT AGENCIES: Brighton CERT, 27J
School District
POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES:N/A.
PROGRESS MILESTONES:
Guides developed and printed
Guides have been distributed throughout 2012-2015
Guides have been packaged up for distribution to the 27J school locations on 11/14/15.
Brighton OEM will continue working with the School District to schedule and deliver guides to make
available to each student in the 27J school district in Brighton.
City of Brighton: Weld Outfall
PRIORITY: MEDIUM HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flood
LOCATION: City of Brighton GOALS ADDRESSED: 3
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 12/4/2010 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED:
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 12/31/2030 3.2.2.
ISSUE: The far northern portion of the City needs drainage improvements to convey storm flows to
the South Platte River.
RECOMMENDATION: Design and construct an outfall system to convey flows to South Platte River.
ACTION: Complete engineering civil drawings and construct the outfall system.
LEAD AGENCY: City of Brighton EXPECTED COST: $20,000,000
SUPPORT AGENCIES: N/A POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: Funding will come
from Stormwater Impact fees. There is a potential for
grant money as it becomes available.
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PROGRESS MILESTONES: This outfall system was looked at in the 2006 Outfall System Plan and is
being re-evaluated in the current master drainage plan.
City of Brighton: Robin Place & N 6th Ave Flood Mitigation
PRIORITY: MEDIUM HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flood
LOCATION: City of Brighton GOALS ADDRESSED: 3
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 12/4/2010 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED:
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: completed 3.2.2.
ISSUE: This project has been completed. The City has re-directed flows away from this house and to a
larger conveyance system. No issues have been reported from the homeowner in the recent years.
This project can be removed from the list.
RECOMMENDATION: City has redirected flows
ACTION: The City has re-directed flows away from this house and to a larger conveyance system.
LEAD AGENCY: City of Brighton EXPECTED COST: N/A
SUPPORT AGENCIES: N/A POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: N/A
PROGRESS MILESTONES: Complete
City of Brighton: 33 Sunset Drive Flood Mitigation
PRIORITY: MEDIUM HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flood
LOCATION: City of Brighton GOALS ADDRESSED: 3
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 12/4/2010 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: C, E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: completed 3.2.2.
ISSUE: This address experienced flooding at sidewalk and driveway frequently after significant storm
events
RECOMMENDATION: Install inlet to alleviate flooding
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ACTION: The City has installed 2 inlet at this location to alleviate flooding issues. An overflow pipe has
been provided for any flows not intercepted by the inlets. No issues have been reported from the
homeowner in the recent years. This item can be removed.
LEAD AGENCY: City of Brighton Utilities and
Streets
EXPECTED COST: N/A
SUPPORT AGENCIES: N/A POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: N/A
PROGRESS MILESTONES: Project completed
City of Brighton: North Outfall/Hughes Station Apartments Drainage Improvement Project Phase I
Flood Mitigation
PRIORITY: MEDIUM HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flood
LOCATION: City of Brighton GOALS ADDRESSED: 3
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 12/4/2010 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED:
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: completed 3.2.2.
ISSUE: Identified need to redirect run off flows generated on Highway 85 into Hughes’ detention
pond causing the pond to overflow and flood the private parking lot and nearby roadways.
RECOMMENDATION: Redirect flows away from the detention pond.
ACTION: The City redirected flows from Highway 85. Flows have been directed away from the
detention pond and to the City’s North Outfall-Denver Alignment.
LEAD AGENCY: City of Brighton EXPECTED COST: N/A
SUPPORT AGENCIES: N/A POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: N/A
PROGRESS MILESTONES: Completed.
City of Brighton: North Outfall/Hughes Station Apartment Drainage Improvement Project Phase 2
Flood Mitigation
PRIORITY: MEDIUM HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flood
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LOCATION: City of Brighton GOALS ADDRESSED: 3
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 12/4/2010 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED:
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 12/31/2030 3.2.2.
ISSUE: The far northern portion of the City needs drainage improvements to convey storm flows to
the South Platte River.
RECOMMENDATION: Design and construct an outfall system to convey flows to South Platte River.
ACTION: A portion of this project has been complete. An inlet has been added at the intersection of
Denver and Main. The City has built the outfall and constructed a 78” conveyance pipe from the
outfall with the South Platte River to approximately the intersection of Denver and Main. Additional
MAGs have been created to outline the phases of the project that still need to be completed.
LEAD AGENCY: City of Brighton EXPECTED COST: $20,000,000
SUPPORT AGENCIES: N/A POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: Funding will come
from Stormwater Impact fees. There is a potential for
grant money as it becomes available.
PROGRESS MILESTONES: This outfall system was looked at in the 2006 Outfall System Plan and is
being re-evaluated in the current master drainage plan.
City of Brighton: Telluride & Bridge St. Flood Mitigation
PRIORITY: MEDIUM HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flood
LOCATION: City of Brighton GOALS ADDRESSED: 3
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 12/4/2010 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: C, E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: TBD 2016 3.2.2.
ISSUE: The storm drain inlet box located at the SE corner of Telluride and Bridge into the Pheasant
Ridge Pond. When the pond is full, the inlet acts as a spillway, flooding nearby streets, and causing
damages to vehicles
RECOMMENDATION: A private developer has agreed to fix this issue as a condition of future
development in the area. It should occur in the next year. This can be removed from the list.
ACTION: A private developer has agreed to fix this issue as a condition of future development in the
area. It should occur in the next year. This can be removed from the list.
LEAD AGENCY: City of Brighton EXPECTED COST: N/A
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SUPPORT AGENCIES: N/A POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: Funding will come
from private developer as part of an agreement
regarding future developments.
PROGRESS MILESTONES: Project will be completed by developer in 2016.
The following Mitigation Action Guide presents Brighton’s new mitigation action that was developed for
the 2016 Plan.
CITY OF BRIGHTON/BRIGHTON FIRE RESCUE DISTRICT: Action Item #1: Integrate
mitigation/preparedness planning into existing public education programs around the city to
enhance resiliency of the community around all hazard vulnerabilities.
PRIORITY: High HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Drought, Earthquake, Land
Subsidence, Extreme Temperatures, Flood, Severe
Storm, Wind & Tornado, Fire, Public Health, Hazmat
LOCATION: City of Brighton and Brighton
Fire Rescue District
GOALS ADDRESSED: 1,2,3
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 10/20/2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: A,B,E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 10/20/2016 Ongoing programs
ISSUE: Residents must be aware of local hazards and the mitigation/preparedness actions they can
take to assist in protecting themselves and their families from the adverse effects and to enhance
community resiliency.
RECOMMENDATION: Continued and additional community education and training to specifically
address local hazards, containing detailed recommendations around potential community action
items, which are crucial to continue to reinforce the need to take personal and individual action to
mitigate risk related to local hazards.
ACTION: Add information about local hazards and mitigation strategies into existing citizen centered
trainings and/or developed hazard and response specific training for citizens as needed to provide
information to residents about mitigation/preparedness options in their community.
LEAD AGENCY: City of Brighton/Brighton Fire
Rescue District’s Office of Emergency
Management
EXPECTED COST: $5,000. Additional printing and staff
time to deliver
SUPPORT AGENCIES: Brighton PD, Brighton
CERT, Weld County OEM, Adams County
OEM, North Central Region.
POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: HSGP, EMPG, local
budgets
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PROGRESS MILESTONES: An All Hazards Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) was developed and
adopted by the City of Brighton and the Brighton Fire Rescue District in 2015. As part of our all
hazards EOP, a Hazard/Risk analysis was conducted to identify the risks to which the City of Brighton
and the Brighton Fire Rescue District are most vulnerable, public education about these top hazards
are key to preparing our residents to better address and adapt to these hazards. Integration of
preparedness and mitigation actions into public education programs which are directly related to
these key hazards are essential. The City of Brighton is currently concluding the 2015 annual CERT
class, of which local hazard identification and response is a part of. In looking forward to 2016 and
beyond, education about local hazards and mitigation strategies will be available at city sponsored
events, within classes offered to the public (winter weather safety, individual preparedness etc.) and
within presentations which are requested by community members tailored specifically to a local
group or organization.
Jurisdiction or Organization: City of Brighton Expansion of Outdoor Warning System to portions of
unincorporated Adams and Weld Counties
PRIORITY: HIGH HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Tornado/All Hazards
LOCATION: Todd Creek, Great Rock and
Vestas locations
GOALS ADDRESSED: 1
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 10/20/2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 12/31/2016
ISSUE: Several areas within the Brighton Fire Rescue District and the north area (Weld County) of the
City of Brighton are without outdoor warning sirens.
RECOMMENDATION: Installation of additional warning sirens in the locations lacking coverage to
warn residents of potential hazards.
ACTION: Prioritize locations and use available funds to complete installations of outdoor warning
sirens
LEAD AGENCY: City of Brighton, Brighton
Fire Rescue District
EXPECTED COST: approx. 45K for each unit
SUPPORT AGENCIES: Brighton IT Dept.,
Adams County Communications Dept.
(AdCom911)
POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: The units needed at
Todd Creek and Great Rock locations are being
funded, in part, by 4145 HMGP funds. The unit needed
to cover the Vestas location may be available to move
from a different location pending the completion of a
shared use agreement with Verizon regarding and
existing unit.
PROGRESS MILESTONES:
For sirens at Great Rock and Todd Creek:
RFP for project out on Nov 20th, 2015; Close date scheduled as December 15th 2015.
Anticipated completion date of April , 2015
For vestas location (Weld County):
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City of Brighton is currently working with Verizon to complete an agreement to use one of our existing
poles and for them to purchase a duplicate unit
Jurisdiction or Organization: City of Brighton Emergency Services Support Generator
PRIORITY: HIGH HAZARDS ADDRESSED: All
LOCATION: City of Brighton Police
Department Administration (3401 E.
Bromley Lane Brighton , CO 80601)
GOALS ADDRESSED: 2
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 10/20/2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 06/31/2017
ISSUE: Currently, the city maintains only a small generator at this location, capable only of supporting
minimal emergency lighting, the security of detention cells, and limited communication systems. The
current generator cannot support the emergency coordination functions which take place at this
location.
RECOMMENDATION: The wiring and installation of a 500KVA generator and a 1200amp transfer
switch would allow for a reliable back up power source at a single critical city facility. This generator
would support key city staff and services at this location and would allow for the relocation of staff
and continuity of critical services. In addition, emergency support related services and functions are
coordinated from this location. Critical emergency support functions- operation of the Emergency
Operations Center (EOC), location of the Policy Group meeting area and information center, the Joint
Information Center (JIC) and local law enforcement operations are designated to take place at this
location.
ACTION: Install a generator and associated wiring at the Brighton Police Department in an effort to
support emergency functions during a short or long term power outage.
LEAD AGENCY: City of Brighton EXPECTED COST: total cost of generator and wiring of
PD building estimated $200,000
SUPPORT AGENCIES: Brighton Fire Rescue
District
POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES:
HMGP funding, City of Brighton Capital
Improvements budget
PROGRESS MILESTONES:
Develop and publish an RFP
Construction to wire the building (in coordination with PD and United Power) to include locating,
digging, accessing and splitting existing cabling
Install transfer switch and complete wiring
Complete installation of generator and initiate testing
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City of Brighton: North Outfall Phase II
PRIORITY: HIGH HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flood
LOCATION: City of Brighton GOALS ADDRESSED: 1
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 12/4/2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 12/31/2018
ISSUE: The core residential area of Brighton must have an upgraded outfall system.
RECOMMENDATION: Design and construct a larger outfall system to convey flows to South Platte
River. Add additional inlets and piping network to more efficiently collect storm runoff.
ACTION: Complete engineering civil drawings and construct the outfall system.
LEAD AGENCY: City of Brighton EXPECTED COST: $2,400,000
SUPPORT AGENCIES: Urban Drainage and
Flood Control District
POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: Funding will come
from Stormwater Impact fees and from UDFCD. There
is a potential for HMGP funding as it becomes
available.
PROGRESS MILESTONES: The City, along with UDFCD, completed the first phase of this project in
previous years. An engineering firm is currently completing plans for this phase and providing thirty-
percent plans for the future phase(s).
City of Brighton: North Outfall Phase III
PRIORITY: HIGH HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flood
LOCATION: City of Brighton GOALS ADDRESSED: 1
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 12/4/2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 12/31/2020
ISSUE: The core residential area of Brighton must have an upgraded outfall system.
RECOMMENDATION: Design and construct a larger outfall system to convey flows to South Platte
River. Add additional inlets and piping network to more efficiently collect storm runoff.
ACTION: Complete engineering civil drawings and construct the outfall system.
LEAD AGENCY: City of Brighton EXPECTED COST: $4,800,000
SUPPORT AGENCIES: Urban Drainage and
Flood Control District
POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: Funding will come
from Storm water Impact fees and from UDFCD. There
is a potential for grant money as it becomes available.
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PROGRESS MILESTONES: The City, along with UDFCD, completed the first phase of this project in
previous years. An engineering firm is currently completing plans for this phase and providing thirty-
percent plans for the future phase(s).
City of Brighton: Master Drainage Plan
PRIORITY: HIGH HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flood
LOCATION: City of Brighton GOALS ADDRESSED: 1, 2
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 5/4/2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: C, E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 12/31/2016
ISSUE: Comprehensive master planning efforts are needed to provide guidance to the City.
RECOMMENDATION: The City needs to hire an engineering consulting firm to complete a
comprehensive master drainage plan.
ACTION: Hire a consulting firm.
LEAD AGENCY: City of Brighton EXPECTED COST: $250,000
SUPPORT AGENCIES: Urban Drainage and
Flood Control District
POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: Funding will come
from already available stormwater funding.
PROGRESS MILESTONES: The City, along with UDFCD, has hired an engineering consulting firm to
complete the master drainage plan and to continually update this plan as necessary.
City of Brighton: Second and Egbert Drainage Improvements
PRIORITY: HIGH HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flood
LOCATION: City of Brighton GOALS ADDRESSED: 1
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 12/4/2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 12/31/2019
ISSUE: An undersized drainage pipe and lack of inlet do not provide appropriate drainage at this
intersection.
RECOMMENDATION: Design and construct drainage infrastructure to alleviate flooding at this
intersection.
ACTION: Complete engineering civil drawings and construct the infrastructure.
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LEAD AGENCY: City of Brighton EXPECTED COST: $4,800,000
SUPPORT AGENCIES: N/A POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: Funding will come
from storm water funds.
PROGRESS MILESTONES: The City has included this as an area to look closer at within the master
drainage plan.
City of Brighton: Third Creek and Brighton Road
PRIORITY: HIGH HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flood
LOCATION: City of Brighton GOALS ADDRESSED: 3
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 12/4/2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: C, E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 12/31/2019 3.2.2.
ISSUE: The Third Creek Crossing under Brighton Road has become silted and is not adequately sized
to pass the 100-year flows.
RECOMMENDATION: Design and construct a 100-year crossing under Brighton Road.
ACTION: Complete engineering civil drawings and construct the crossing.
LEAD AGENCY: City of Brighton EXPECTED COST: $350,000
SUPPORT AGENCIES: Urban Drainage and
Flood Control District
POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: Funding will come
from Stormwater Impact fees and from UDFCD. There
is a potential for grant money as it becomes available.
PROGRESS MILESTONES: The City has included this as an area to look closer at during the master
drainage plan formation.
The City is currently participating with UDFCD and other jurisdictions to complete a Third Creek
master drainage plan and flood hazard area delineation study.
City of Brighton: 11th and Bridge Improvements
PRIORITY: HIGH HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flood
LOCATION: City of Brighton GOALS ADDRESSED: 1
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 12/4/2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: C, E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 12/31/2017
ISSUE: This intersection frequently floods after minor and major storm systems.
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RECOMMENDATION: Have the engineering team creating the City’s master drainage plan look for the
cause of the issues at this location.
ACTION: Complete any necessary improvements recommended by the engineering firm.
LEAD AGENCY: City of Brighton EXPECTED COST: Unknown
SUPPORT AGENCIES: POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: Funding will come
from Stormwater fees.
PROGRESS MILESTONES: The City will have the engineering team completing the master drainage plan
look at this area closely.
City of Brighton: South Brighton Outfall
PRIORITY: HIGH HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flood
LOCATION: City of Brighton GOALS ADDRESSED: 1
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 12/4/2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: C, E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 12/31/2025
ISSUE: The far southern portion of the City needs drainage improvements to convey storm flows to
the South Platte River.
RECOMMENDATION: Design and construct an outfall system to convey flows to South Platte River.
ACTION: Complete engineering civil drawings and construct the outfall system.
LEAD AGENCY: City of Brighton EXPECTED COST: $20,000,000
SUPPORT AGENCIES: Urban Drainage and
Flood Control District
POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: Funding will come
from Stormwater Impact fees and from UDFCD. There
is a potential for grant money as it becomes available.
PROGRESS MILESTONES: This outfall system was looked at in the 2006 Outfall System Plan and is
being re-evaluated in the current master drainage plan.
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Letter of Intent to Participate
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City of Dacono
The City of Dacono is located in southwest Weld County. Dacono is centrally located with easy access to
both the Denver metropolitan area and Northern Colorado communities. Dacono is also part of the
Greeley/Weld MSA. Located in the heart of the Front Range, the city cultivates a small town atmosphere
with panoramic views of the Rocky Mountains.
At an elevation of 5,017 feet above sea level, there are no steep slopes in any portion of the Planning area.
Dacono enjoys all four seasons. The combination of high elevation and mid latitude interior continent
geography results in a cool, dry climate and residents engage in outdoor recreation all year round.
The following five vision statements are the guiding elements for development and re-development in the
City of Dacono over the next 20 years. These visions were established in the City of Dacono Comprehensive
Land Use Plan 2005 and are the community’s answer to the following question: What kind of community
do we want Dacono to be?
VISION 1: Our future development will be concentrated within a growth boundary, be actively
managed, served by adequate public facilities and will encourage economic vitality
VISION 2: Our community will strive to balance future land uses and ensure economic self-
sustainability
VISION 3: Our communities will be livable, walkable, safe and distinctive
VISION 4: Our environmental resources will be protected and when used, used wisely
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VISION 5: Our citizens will take part in the decisions and actions that affect them
These visions are the guiding principles for the variety of decisions that are made every week concerning
“roads, sewers, parks and new developments.”21 These visions were used to guide the development of
mitigation strategies at the city level.
Community Profile
The City of Dacono is located in southwestern Weld County, about 10 miles north of the Denver
metropolitan area. The “Old Town” area of Dacono is located two miles east of I-25 and south of Highway
52. The city encompasses nearly 8.2 square miles, with a future growth boundary of 22 square miles. The
table below summarizes key demographic and development related characteristics of the City of Dacono.
The table below summarizes key demographic and development related characteristics of the City of
Dacono.
City of Dacono Statistics
City of Dacono Colorado
Population, 2015 4,583 5,355,866
2000-2010 Population Change, % 36.9% 16.9%
% Population under 5 years, 2010 9.2% 6.8%
% Population under 18 years, 2010 28.9% 24.4%
% Population 65 years and over, 2010 9.1% 10.7%
Homeownership Rate 71.4% 65.4%
Persons Per Household 2.85 2.53
Persons below poverty level, %, 2013 6.0% 9.3%
Median Household Income, 2015 $48,078 $58,433
Source: US Census Bureau (Census 2010); Esri forecasts (2015 Esri)
The city’s current population is estimates at 4,583 people. The city’s Comprehensive Plan projects a final
build-out population of 56,600 people by the year 2025. Like other municipalities located along the
Colorado Front Range, Dacono is faced with the challenge of meeting increasing water demands
associated with projected population growth. Currently, the city relies on the Colorado Big Thompson
project for all of its water.
Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment
NATURAL HAZARD PROBABILITY IMPACT SPATIAL
EXTENT
WARNING
TIME DURATION RF
RATING
Severe Storm 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.1 0.3 3.300
Straight-Line Winds &
Tornadoes 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.4 0.1 3.100
Flood 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.4 2.900
21 City of Dacono Comprehensive Land Use Plan 2005
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Public Health Hazards 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.4 2.900
Extreme Temperatures 0.9 0.3 0.8 0.1 0.4 2.500
Drought 0.9 0.3 0.8 0.1 0.4 2.500
HAZMAT 0.9 0.6 0.2 0.4 0.3 2.400
Land Subsidence 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.1 2.400
Prairie Fire 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.1 1.900
Earthquake 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.1 1.300
HIGH RISK (2.5 or higher): Severe Storm; Stright-Line Winds and Tornadoes; Flood; Public Health
Hazards; Extreme Temperatures; Drought
MODERATE RISK HAZARD (2.0 - 2.4): HAZMAT; Land Subsidence
Low Risk (1.9 or lower): Prairie Fire; Earthquake
Vulnerability Assessment
This section provides a refined vulnerability assessment, specific for the City of Dacono, for those hazards
that were identified as being rated HIGH in the preceding section. This analysis was conducted separately
from that of the county-wide vulnerability assessment to specifically focus on the population, structures,
infrastructure, and other assets unique to the City of Dacono.
The results of the social vulnerability assessment are displayed on the map below. On the map, social
vulnerability is represented at the census tract level by 5 classes of vulnerability: Low (bottom 20% of the
county), Medium-Low, Medium, Medium-High, and High (top 20% of the county). The City of Dacono’s
social vulnerability map shows social vulnerability within the community.
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Dacono is characterized by a mix of medium-low, medium, and medium-high levels of social vulnerability.
The northern area of the city has higher levels of social vulnerability to disasters than the rest of the city.
A closer look at the individual social vulnerability indicators within the city will give local emergency
managers, planners, and stakeholders an even clearer picture of which social vulnerability factors have
the largest negative effect on the community and it resiliency over time.
Severe Storm (Hail, Lightning, Winter Storm)
Hail
According to the best available data there are no reported injuries, deaths, property damage, or crop
damage in the City of Dacono. There were three hail events recorded within the city limits as well as
several hail events that occurred less than one mile from the city limits. Although there is no historic data
showing hazardous impacts on the town, there is a great potential for hail events to occur at any given
time.
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Lightning
According to the best available data, no injuries, deaths, property damage, or crop damage have occurred
within the City of Dacono caused by Lightning. Although there is no historic data showing hazardous
impacts on the town, there is a great potential for Lightning to occur at any given time.
Winter Storm
According to the NOAA’s Storm Events Database, the City of Dacono has experienced 25 Winter Storms
since 1996. There were no deaths, injuries or damage to crops reported for any of these storms. On
December 28, 2006 there was report of a winter storm causing $102,000 in property damage in central
and southern Weld County. The City of Dacono is at high risk of experiencing Winter Storms during the
winter months.
Inventory Exposed
All assets located in the City of Dacono can be considered at risk from severe storms. This includes 4,583
people, or 100% of the city’s population and all buildings and infrastructure within the city. Damages
primarily occur as a result of high winds, lightning strikes, hail, snow-loading, and flooding. Most
structures, including the city’s critical facilities, should be able to provide adequate protection from hail
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but the structures could suffer broken windows and dented exteriors. Those facilities with back-up
generators are better equipped to handle severe weather situation should the power go out.
Potential Losses
Severe storms affect the entire planning area of the City of Dacono including all above-ground structures
and infrastructure. Although losses to structures are typically minimal and covered by insurance, there
can be impacts with lost time, maintenance costs, and contents within structures. A timely forecast may
not be able to mitigate the property loss, but could reduce the casualties and associated injuries.
It appears possible to forecast these extreme events with some skill, but further research needs to be
done to test the existing hypothesis about the interaction between the convective storm and its
environment that produces the extensive swath of high winds. Severe storms will remain a highly likely
occurrence for the City of Dacono. It is likely that lightning and hail will also be experienced in the area
due to such storms.
Straight-Line Winds & Tornadoes
According to the best available data no deaths or crop damages have been recorded within the City of
Dacono due to tornadoes. There have been 4 tornadoes reported within the city limits between 1985 and
2008. On July 26, 1985 a tornado caused 3 injuries and $4,000 in property damage. On June 16, 1997 a
tornado caused some property damage. On May 22, 2008 one person was injured as a result of a tornado.
There have also been tornadoes reported very close to the borders of the city limits. Tornadoes will
remain a highly likely occurrence for the City of Dacono.
According to the best available data, no injuries, deaths, or crop damages have been recorded within the
City of Dacono due to straight-line winds. Straight-line winds will remain a highly likely occurrence for the
City of Dacono.
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Inventory Exposed
All assets located in the City of Dacono can be considered at risk from straight-line winds and tornadoes.
This includes 4,583people, or 100% of the city’s population and all buildings and structures within the city.
Most structures, including the city’s critical facilities, should be able to withstand and provide adequate
protection from severe wind and tornadoes. Those facilities with back-up generators should be fully
equipped to handle severe wind and tornado events should the power go out.
Potential Losses
Generally, straight-line wind events and tornadoes destroy private, commercial, and public property.
Additional costs stem from debris removal, maintenance, repair, and response. Indirect costs include loss
of industrial and commercial productivity as a result of damage to infrastructure, facilities, or interruption
of services. Because no specific, community-wide loss estimation exists for wind and tornado hazards,
potential losses are related to structure value. The building value of the structures in this area amounts
to roughly $129,418,385. Potential losses could be substantial.
Flood
Consistent with the information highlighted in the 2005 Dacono Comprehensive Plan, the City’s planning
area is impacted by the Little Dry Creek floodplain. Little Dry Creek flows diagonally across the Planning
Area and eventually drains into the South Platte River. Small ponds are scattered through the City, along
with several irrigation ditches (Standley Ditch, Godding Hollow Ditch, and Lower Boulder Ditch).
According to the best available data there have been no reported injuries or deaths in the City of Dacono
caused by flooding. Due to Little Dry Creek, however, there is a possibility for a flood event to occur at any
given time. Currently, the City’s Future Land Use Map illustrates that development along Little Dry Creek
should be set back at least 25 feet from the top of ditch banks and from the mean high water line of
natural and man-made waterbodies to maintain natural buffers. Additionally, new development is
precluded within the floodplain.
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Inventory Exposed
The following map shows the flooding threat to critical facilities and structures in the City of Dacono by
layering identified special flood hazard areas (SFHA) with the locations of community-defined critical
facilities. Critical facilities are essential to the health and welfare of the whole population and are
especially important both during and after hazard events. Critical structures or areas that overlap or touch
the SFHA are considered “flood prone.”
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The critical facility and structure exposure analysis estimates that there is 1 critical facility in the City of
Dacono that is flood prone (not including the total miles of flood prone infrastructure). The appraised
value of these exposed critical facility is approximately $48,993. The estimated building loss is over $880
and content loss over $290.
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Potential Losses
Hazus estimates for the City of Dacono that for a 100-year flood event, approximately 42 buildings will
experience flood damage. The total economic loss estimated for the 100-year flood is over $172,770. The
estimated building loss is $137,833, content loss $33,977, and inventory loss $960.
Public Health Hazard
Public health hazards, including epidemics and pandemics, have the potential to cause serious illness and
death, especially among those who have compromised immune systems due to age or underlying medical
conditions. During the 2015 planning process, pandemic flu was identified as the key public health hazard
in the county.
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Inventory Exposed
Due to the regional nature of public health hazards, jurisdictions with higher numbers of socially
vulnerable residents are expected to experience magnified impacts of public health hazards. This includes
places with high numbers of elderly residents, young children, low income families, and homeless
individuals/outdoor laborers.
The table below shows data related to population vulnerability to public health hazards. Based on Census
information and knowledge of social vulnerability to hazards, jurisdictions with high numbers of elderly
residents, young children, and a high poverty rate can plan accordingly to provide appropriate services
and mitigation assistance during public health hazards outbreaks.
Populations Vulnerable to Public Health Hazards
Age: 65 and Over (%) Age: 5 and under (%) Persons Below Poverty
Level (%)
Colorado 10.9 6.8 12.9
City of Dacono 9.1 9.2 6.0
The City of Dacono has a lower percentage of elderly residents than does the state of Colorado. This is
also true for the percentage of people living below poverty level in the town. A larger percentage of
Dacono residents are under the age of 5 than the general population of Colorado. Based on these
statistics, Dacono residents (in general) do not appear to be acutely vulnerable to the impacts of public
health hazards. That said, future mitigation efforts related to public health hazards should focus on
reaching those residents who are elderly, young children, live in poverty, or are homeless.
Potential Losses
Because there is no defined geographic boundary for public health hazards, all of the people and
infrastructure within the City of Dacono are exposed to public health hazards. Those with elevated risk
and potential loss are the homeless, infirm, elderly, young and low income families. Given the lack of
historical data in the City of Dacono resulting from public health hazards, and that placing a dollar amount
on the cost of a human life are beyond the scope of the Plan, annualized economic losses for the City of
Dacono due to public health hazards are currently considered unquantifiable.
Extreme Temperatures
According to the best available data, no injuries, deaths, or crop damages have been recorded within the
City of Dacono due to extreme temperatures. There are two reports of extreme cold temperatures in
central and southern Weld County on December 16th and 17th, 1996. There is a great potential for
extreme temperature events to occur within the region at any given time.
Inventory Exposed
Due to the regional nature of extreme temperatures hazards, jurisdictions with higher numbers of socially
vulnerable residents are expected to experience magnified impacts of extreme temperatures. This
includes places with high numbers of elderly residents, low income families and homeless
individuals/outdoor laborers.
The table below shows data related to population vulnerability to extreme temperatures. Based on Census
information and knowledge of social vulnerability to hazards, jurisdictions with high numbers of elderly
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residents, a high poverty rate and/or large numbers of rental properties can plan accordingly to provide
appropriate services and mitigation assistance during extreme temperature events.
Populations Vulnerable to Extreme Temperatures
Age: 65 and Over (%) Persons Below Poverty
Level (%)
Renter-occupied housing
units (%)
Colorado 10.9 12.9 34.5
City of Dacono 9.1 6.0 18.6
The City of Dacono has a lower percentage of elderly residents than does the state of Colorado. This is
also true for the percentage of people living below poverty level in the city. A much larger percentage of
Dacono residents own their homes than the general population of Colorado. Based on these statistics,
Dacono residents (in general) do not appear to be acutely vulnerable to the impacts of extreme
temperatures. That said, future mitigation efforts related to extreme temperature should focus on
reaching those residents who are elderly, live in poverty or are homeless, or are renters.
Potential Losses
Because there is no defined geographic boundary for extreme temperature hazards, all of the people and
infrastructure within the City of Dacono are exposed to extreme temperatures. Those with elevated risk
and potential loss are the homeless, infirm, elderly, and low income families. Given the lack of historical
data and limited likelihood of structural losses in the City of Dacono resulting from extreme heat or cold,
and that placing a dollar amount on the cost of a human life are beyond the scope of the Plan, annualized
economic losses for the City of Dacono due to extreme temperatures are currently considered
unquantifiable.
Drought
According to the best available data, no injuries, deaths, or crop damages have been recorded within the
City of Dacono due to drought. There are four reports of drought in southern Weld County. The four
reports all occurred in April of 2002 and March of 2011. There is a great potential for a drought event to
occur at any given time.
Inventory Exposed
Drought will have little to no direct impact on critical facilities or structures in the City of Dacono. Should
a drought affect the water available for public water systems or individual wells, the availability of clean
drinking water could be compromised. This situation would require emergency actions and could possibly
overwhelm local capacities and financial resources
Potential Losses
Although it is unlikely that drought conditions will affect existing buildings, infrastructure, and critical
infrastructure, economic livelihoods in the City of Dacono could be negatively impacted due to crop loss,
water shortages, and wildfires as a result of drought. Possible losses/impacts to critical facilities include
the loss of critical function due to low water supplies.
As Dacono continues to grow, it will consider water-saving mitigation activities that will decrease local
vulnerability to drought
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Capabilities Assessment
The capability assessment examines the ability of the City of Dacono to implement and manage the
comprehensive mitigation strategy laid out in this Plan. The strengths, weaknesses, and resources of the
community are identified here as a means for evaluating and maintaining effective and appropriate
management of the City’s hazard mitigation program.
Local Personnel
The ability of a community to implement a comprehensive mitigation strategy depends, in part, on
available resources, including people and staff. The table below outlines the City’s capabilities as they
relate to key personnel.
Full Time Part Time None or Not-Identified
Emergency Manager X
Floodplain
Administrator
X
Community Planner X
GIS Specialist X
Grant Writer X
The Chief of Police is the designated Emergency Manager. None of the above positions are stand
alone, they are all performed by either a full time employee with a different title or a contract
company.
Land Use Planning and Codes
Local land use plans and building codes are tremendous tools for evaluating local policies related to hazard
mitigation and risk reduction. Additionally, comprehensive master plans, capital improvement plans,
stormwater plans and zoning ordinances all present opportunities for enhanced local capabilities. The
table below outlines the city’s current capabilities as they relate to land use planning and codes.
Yes (Y);
No (N);
I don’t know
(IDK)
A zoning ordinance Y
A hazard-specific ordinance IDK
Local building codes Y
A Comprehensive Plan / Master Plan Y
A Capital Improvements Plan Y
A Stormwater Plan Y
A Continuity of Operations Plan (COOP) N
An Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) Y
A Long-Term Recovery Plan N
Participates in the NFIP Y
Building codes are one tool that communities use to enhance public safety. For example, they can increase
structural integrity, mitigate structure fires, and provide benefits in relation to natural hazard avoidance.
In Colorado, land use regulations and building codes are typically implemented at the local level. Even
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without a statewide mandate, most counties and many municipalities have enacted regulations and
codes. The City of Dacono has adopted a local building code requirement, demonstrating their
understanding of the benefits codes provide, including reduced exposure to hazards.
The City of Dacono has had previous experience receiving, administering, and applying for grants for
planning-related activities or projects. These include:
A grant for original Comprehensive Plan development
An infrastructure grant through the Energy Impact Grants
Funding from FEMA and the State of Colorado for post flood costs to repair and clean up.
Plan Maintenance and Implementation
The City of Dacono has developed a Plan Maintenance and Implementation Strategy outlining their
method and schedule for keeping the plan current. The Implementation Strategy below also includes a
discussion of how the town will continue public participation in the plan maintenance process.
Jurisdiction Plan Maintenance and Implementation Strategy
City of Dacono
The hazard mitigation plan and actions are reviewed by staff and the city
administration on an ongoing basis.
As part of the plan maintenance process, the City of Dacono will continue to
engage the public in the process of identifying hazard risks and prioritizing
mitigation actions.
Integrating Hazard Mitigation into Local Planning
Through discussions at planning meetings and the use of an online survey, individual outreach, and phone
calls, each participating jurisdiction brainstormed with the planning team to identify processes for
integrating hazard mitigation into their local planning mechanisms and policies. The City of Dacono did
not integrate the 2009 HMP into other local planning mechanisms. The table below lists the specific
integration strategies identified by the City of Dacono based on the mitigation actions listed in this plan.
Jurisdiction Strategy
City of Dacono “To consider hazard mitigation actions into the City's Capital Improvement Plan
and building codes.”
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Mitigation Action Guides
The following Mitigation Action Guides present status updates on each of Dacono’s mitigation actions
included in the 2009 Plan.
Dacono: Participate in Storm Ready
PRIORITY: High HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Severe Weather
LOCATION: City of Dacono GOALS ADDRESSED: 1,2,3
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 2009 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: A,B,C,E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: Ongoing; Four
classes in the spring March-May 2016
ISSUE: One of the goals for the Northeast region is to have all 11 counties’ participate in Storm Ready.
Weld County has been a participant in the past, and the intent is to maintain Storm Ready status
RECOMMENDATION: As a Storm Ready County, we hold several Weather Spotter Classes. These
classes are taught by NOAA and participants can become a spotter and report information to NOAA or
the WCRCC.
ACTION: Apply and maintain ‘Storm Ready” status with NOAA.
LEAD AGENCY: Weld County OEM in
conjunction with appropriate County/Town
Departments with municipalities
participating in this plan (Ault, Dacono,
Evans, Firestone, Fort Lupton, Frederick,
Garden City, Gilcrest, Greeley, Grover,
Hudson, Johnstown, Keenesburg, Kersey,
LaSalle, Mead, Milliken, New Raymer,
Pierce, Platteville, Severance, and Windsor),
and school districts (Weld County RE-4, RE-6
and RE-8, Platte Valley Schools).
EXPECTED COST: Staff Time and funds for meeting for
drinks and goodies. This will come from the OEM
budget
SUPPORT AGENCIES: POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: OEM Budget and
local business sponsor’s
PROGRESS MILESTONES: Duplication of county action. Last four years Weld has offered one weather
spotter training.
Dacono: Continued Compliance with the NFIP
PRIORITY: Medium HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flooding
LOCATION: City of Dacono GOALS ADDRESSED: 1,2,3
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 2009 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: D,E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: Ongoing
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ISSUE: As participants in the NFIP the Community will continue to promote wise use of floodplains
through ordinance administration and periodic update, promotion of flood insurance and staff
training, including encouragement of Certified Floodplain Manager status.
RECOMMENDATION: The benefits are to flood-prone building owners who choose to insure
against flood losses, and to taxpayers who no longer would be faced with subsidizing those
potential losses.
ACTION: Continue local compliance with NFIP requirements and standards
LEAD AGENCY: Local Floodplain
Management officials
EXPECTED COST: Staff Time; can be accomplished with
existing annual budget
SUPPORT AGENCIES: POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES:
PROGRESS MILESTONES: Dacono has maintained CRS compliance standards. Dacono continues to
promote wise use of floodplains. The City adopted the State of Colorado Water Conservation
Board model ordinance and is compliant with the State Floodplain Rules. We also adopted an
update to the ordinance to reflect the new Weld County FIRM maps. No further action is required
by the City.
The following Mitigation Action Guides present each of Dacono’s new mitigation actions that were
developed for the 2016 Plan.
Dacono: Design and Construction of Colorado Blvd. Bridge
PRIORITY: High (#1) HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flood
LOCATION: Colorado Blvd (WCR 13) GOALS ADDRESSED: 1, 2, 4
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 10/19/2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 12/31/2020
ISSUE: Based on previous experience with flooding on Colorado Boulevard, the particular area of
road that intersects with the Little Dry Creek water-way, a bridge needs to be constructed to
mitigate the impact of water flowing over that section of Colorado Blvd often requiring the road
be closed.
RECOMMENDATION: Bridging Colorado Blvd at Little Dry Creek
ACTION: Design and Construction of Colorado Blvd. Bridge
LEAD AGENCY: City of Dacono Public Works EXPECTED COST: $2 Million; Staffing would include
city staff and administration throughout the entire
process
SUPPORT AGENCIES: Weld County, Army
Corps of Engineers
POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: Dacono City Budget;
Grants (State and Federal)
PROGRESS MILESTONES: Design Completion, Impact Reports, permitting, RFQ, RFP, bidding,
construction, reclamation and completion.
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Dacono: Grandview Street and York Street Flood Mitigation
PRIORITY: High (#2) HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flood
LOCATION: Grandview (Weld County
Road 12) at York Street (Weld County
Road 11)
GOALS ADDRESSED: 2, 4
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 10/19/2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 12/31/2020
ISSUE: In the event of sustained moderate or heavy rain, this intersection experiences flooding.
RECOMMENDATION: Installation of box culverts
ACTION: Engineering design and construction
LEAD AGENCY: City of Dacono Public Works EXPECTED COST: Unknown
SUPPORT AGENCIES: Weld County POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: Dacono city budget;
State and Federal grants
PROGRESS MILESTONES: Engineering design and construction, RFP, bidding, construction,
reclamation, completion.
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Letter of Intent to Participate
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Town of Erie
“Erie is a community which recognizes the importance of conserving and enhancing its historic small
town character, the roots from which it grew, preserving the natural environment in which it resides; a
caring community which offers its residents an environment in which to seek a high quality of life; a
balanced community with a diverse range of housing, employment, educational, shopping, and
recreational opportunities; and a vital community which provides financial and social support for quality
of life programs.” – Community Vision Statement, 2005 Town of Erie Comprehensive Plan
Incorporated in 1874, the Town of Erie is situated at the center of Colorado’s major economic and
population hubs. Located in both Boulder and Weld Counties, Erie lies just west of I-25 and spans 48
square miles, extending from the north side of State Highway 52 and south to State Highway 7.
Through its comprehensive planning process, the Town has established a set of Guiding Principles as pillars
for the community’s development over the next 20 years. The following principles describe local
aspirations and set the direction for development and policy decisions, while building on the Vision
established for the community.
A coordinated and efficient pattern of growth
Quality design and development
Overall economic vitality
Downtown vitality
A comprehensive, integrated transportation system
Stewardship of the natural environment
Trails, parks and recreation opportunities
A Protected Lands program
Balanced land use mix
Stable, cohesive neighborhoods offering a variety of housing types
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Provide infrastructure and public services efficiently and equitably
A number of these Guiding Principles reinforce the hazard mitigation and risk reduction goals outlined in
this plan. For example, the stewardship of the natural environment in floodplains and high risk areas is a
mitigation strategy that has mutual benefits for risk reduction and for the vision for a community with a
high quality of life. The Town of Erie used the Vision statement and Guiding Principles from their
Comprehensive Plan to frame the discussion about their local mitigation strategy.
Community Profile
The following profile illustrates population, housing, and employment trends for the Town of Erie. The
data used in this profile was derived from the 2010 US Census of Population, Denver Regional Council of
Governments (DRCOG) regional data, and Colorado Department of Local Affairs (DOLA) demographic
data.
The table below summarizes key demographic and development related characteristics of the Town of
Erie.
Town of Erie Statistics
Town of Erie Colorado
Population, 2014 20,493 5,355,866
Population, % change April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014 13.0% 6.5%
% Population under 5 years, 2010 9.6% 6.8%
% Population under 18 years, 2010 31.3% 24.4%
% Population 65 years and over, 2010 5.7% 10.7%
Language other than English spoken at home, % age 5+,
2009-2013 10.0% 16.8%
Homeownership Rate 82.6% 65.4%
Persons Per Household 2.92 2.53
Persons below poverty level, %, 2009-2013 4.1% 13.2%
Median Household Income, 2009- 2013 $103,796 $58,433
Source: US Census Bureau
Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment
The Town of Erie is situated in both Boulder and Weld Counties. For the purpose of this plan, spatially
analyzed hazard risks have been only assessed for the areas of Erie that lie specifically within Weld
County.
NATURAL HAZARD PROBABILITY IMPACT SPATIAL
EXTENT
WARNING
TIME DURATION RF
RATING
Flood 1.2 0.6 0.8 0.1 0.4 3.100
HAZMAT 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.4 0.3 3.000
Severe Storm 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.2 0.3 2.800
Extreme Temperatures 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.1 0.4 2.800
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NATURAL HAZARD PROBABILITY IMPACT SPATIAL
EXTENT
WARNING
TIME DURATION RF
RATING
Drought 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.1 0.4 2.800
Earthquake 0.3 1.2 0.8 0.4 0.1 2.800
Land Subsidence 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 2.700
Straight-Line Winds &
Tornadoes 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.4 0.1 2.500
Prairie Fire 1.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.2 2.500
Public Health Hazards 0.3 0.9 0.8 0.1 0.4 2.500
HIGH RISK (2.5 or higher): Flood; HAZMAT; Severe Storm; Extreme Temperatures; Drought;
Earthquake; Land Subsidence; Straight-line Winds and Tornadoes; Prairie Fire; Public Health
Hazards
MODERATE RISK HAZARD (2.0 - 2.4)
Low Risk (1.9 or lower)
Vulnerability Assessment
This section provides a refined vulnerability assessment, specific for the Town of Erie, for those hazards
that were identified as being rated HIGH in the preceding section. This analysis was conducted separately
from that of the county-wide vulnerability assessment to specifically focus on the population, structures,
infrastructure, and other assets unique to Town of Erie.
The results of the social vulnerability assessment are displayed on the map below. On the map, social
vulnerability is represented at the census tract level by 5 classes of vulnerability: Low (bottom 20% of the
county), Medium-Low, Medium, Medium-High, and High (top 20% of the county). The Town of Erie’s social
vulnerability map shows social vulnerability within the community.
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Erie is characterized by a mix of low to medium-high levels of social vulnerability. The majority of the Town
is in the bottom 20% of social vulnerability in the county. Over time, monitoring social vulnerability levels
and performing close analysis of the individual social vulnerability indicators within the community will
give local emergency managers, planners, and stakeholders an even clearer picture of which social
vulnerability factors have the largest negative effect on the town and it resiliency.
Flood
According to the best available data there have been no reported injuries or deaths in the Town of Erie
caused by flooding. Based on the flooding event of 2013, there is a great potential for flood events to
occur at any given time.
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Inventory Exposed
There is record of one flood occurring within the town limits on July 27, 1997. The flood was categorized
as a flash flood.
The flood event in September of 2013 greatly impacted the town. During and after the flood and severe
weather incidents, the Town utilized its social media and website to keep the public informed and
provided essential public health and safety instructions. After the 2013 floods Town of Erie Department
of Public Works staff worked with FEMA, the State of Colorado, and other Federal agencies and managed
the process of submitting and seeking reimbursement for nearly 40 projects totaling more than $1.3
million.
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The critical facility and structure exposure analysis estimates that there is 1 critical facility and 104
structures in the Town of Erie that are flood prone (not including the total miles of flood prone
infrastructure). Critical facilities are essential to the health and welfare of the whole population and are
especially important both during and after hazard events. Critical structures or areas that overlap or touch
the SFHA are considered “flood prone.” The appraised value of these exposed structures is approximately
$34.9 million dollars.
Potential losses
Hazus estimates for the Town of Erie that for a 100-year flood event, approximately 104 buildings will
experience flood damage. The total economic loss estimated for the 100-year flood is over $1,746,600.
Currently, there is 1 critical facility located within the floodplain in the Town of Erie. Hazus does not report
an economic loss on this critical facility caused by flood damage.
The total building losses for the 100-year flood event are estimated to be over $1,371,390. Building
content losses are estimated to be over $223,870. Inventory losses are estimated to be over $151,330.
The map below shows the flooding threat to structures in the Town of Erie by layering identified special
flood hazard areas (SFHA) with the locations of community-defined structures.
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HAZMAT
Based on data supplied by the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration’s (PHMSA) Incident
Reports Database there have been no reported HAZMAT incidents within the town limits between 1972
and 2015.
Inventory Exposed
Two designated nuclear and hazardous materials transportation routes run adjacent the Town of Erie (I-
25 and Highway 52). All structures, natural resources, and people located within one mile of these
transportation routes are exposed to the impacts of a potential HAZMAT event. Structures, people, and
natural resources located outside of a one mile buffer of these routes are also at risk of exposure.
Assets and people that are located within one mile of an industrial or commercial fixed site are also at risk
of exposure to the impacts of a HAZMAT release.
Potential losses
HAZMAT related events occur throughout Weld County every year. The intensity and magnitude of these
incidents depend on weather conditions, the location of the event, the time of day, and the process by
which the materials are released. Was it raining when the event happened? Were the hazardous materials
being transported by rail when they were released or were they at a fixed facility? Did the spill happen
during rush hour traffic or in the middle of the night? All of these considerations matter when determining
the risk and potential damages associated with a HAZMAT incident.
HAZMAT events have the potential to threaten lives and disrupt business activity. Moreover, HAZMAT
incidents can cause serious environmental contamination to air, ground, and water sources.
Severe Storm (Hail, Lightning, Winter Storm)
Hail
According to the best available data there are no reported injuries, deaths, property damage, or crop
damage in the Town of Erie. There have been 5 recorded hail events within the town limits as well as
several events less than one mile from the town limits. Although there is no historic data showing
hazardous impacts on the town, there is a great potential for hail events to occur at any given time.
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Lightning
According to the best available data there are no reported injuries, deaths, property damage, or crop
damage in the Town of Erie from lightning. There is a great potential for Lightning to occur at any given
time within the Town of Erie.
Winter Storm
According to the best available data, the Town of Erie has experienced 25 Winter Storms since 1996.22 On
December 28, 2006 there was report of a winter storm causing $102,000 in property damage in central
and southern Weld County. There were no deaths, injuries or damage to crops reported for any of these
storms. The Town of Erie is at high risk of experiencing Winter Storms during the winter months.
Inventory Exposed
All assets located in the Town of Erie can be considered at risk from severe storms. This includes 20,493
people, or 100% of the Town’s population and all buildings and infrastructure within the town. Damages
22 NOAA’s National Climatic Data Center, Storm Events Database
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primarily occur as a result of high winds, lightning strikes, hail, snow-loading, and flooding. Most
structures, including the town’s critical facilities, should be able to provide adequate protection from hail
but the structures could suffer broken windows and dented exteriors. Facilities with back-up generators
are better equipped to handle severe weather situation should the power go out.
Potential losses
Severe storms affect the entire planning area of the Town of Erie including all above-ground structures
and infrastructure. Although losses to structures are typically minimal and covered by insurance, there
can be impacts with lost time, maintenance costs, and contents within structures. A timely forecast may
not be able to mitigate the property loss, but could reduce the casualties and associated injuries.
It appears possible to forecast these extreme events with some skill, but further research needs to be
done to test the existing hypothesis about the interaction between the convective storm and its
environment that produces the extensive swath of high winds. Severe storms will remain a highly likely
occurrence for the Town of Erie. It is likely that lightning and hail will also be experienced in the area due
to such storms.
Extreme Temperatures
According to the best available data, no injuries, deaths, or crop damages have been recorded within the
Town of Erie due to extreme temperatures. There are two reports of extreme cold temperatures in central
and southern Weld County on December 16th and 17th, 1996. There is a great potential for extreme
temperature events to occur within the region at any given time.
Inventory Exposed
Due to the regional nature of extreme temperatures hazards, jurisdictions with higher numbers of socially
vulnerable residents are expected to experience magnified impacts of extreme temperatures. This
includes places with high numbers of elderly residents, low income families and homeless
individuals/outdoor laborers.
The table below shows data related to population vulnerability to extreme temperatures. Based on Census
information and knowledge of social vulnerability to hazards, jurisdictions with high numbers of elderly
residents, a high poverty rate and/or large numbers of rental properties can plan accordingly to provide
appropriate services and mitigation assistance during extreme temperature events.
Populations Vulnerable to Extreme Temperatures
Age: 65 and Over (%) Persons Below Poverty
Level (%)
Renter-occupied housing
units (%)
Colorado 10.9 12.9 34.5
Town of Erie 5.7 4.1 17.4
The Town of Erie has a lower percentage of elderly residents than does the state of Colorado. This is also
true for the percentage of people living below poverty level in the town. A much larger percentage of Erie
residents own their homes than the general population of Colorado. Based on these statistics, Erie
residents (in general) do not appear to be acutely vulnerable to the impacts of extreme temperatures.
That said, future mitigation efforts related to extreme temperature should focus on reaching those
residents who are elderly, live in poverty or are homeless, or are renters.
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Potential losses
Because there is no defined geographic boundary for extreme temperature hazards, all of the people and
infrastructure within the Town of Erie are exposed to extreme temperatures. Those with elevated risk and
potential loss are the homeless, infirm, elderly, and low income families. Given the lack of historical data
and limited likelihood of structural losses in the Town of Erie resulting from extreme heat or cold, and that
placing a dollar amount on the cost of a human life are beyond the scope of the Plan, annualized economic
losses for the Town of Erie due to extreme temperatures are currently considered unquantifiable.
Drought
According to the best available data, no injuries, deaths, or crop damages have been recorded within the
Town of Erie due to drought. There are four reports of drought in southern Weld County. The four
drought events all occurred in April of 2002 and March of 2011. There is a great potential for a drought
event to occur at any given time.
Due to the nature of drought, all jurisdictions within Weld County are expected to be impacted under
drought conditions. Agricultural communities are expected to bear the brunt of drought effects in the
county.
Inventory Exposed
Drought will have little to no direct impact on critical facilities or structures in the Town of Erie. Should a
drought affect the water available for public water systems or individual wells, the availability of clean
drinking water could be compromised. This situation would require emergency actions and could possibly
overwhelm local capacities and financial resources.
Potential losses
Although it is unlikely that drought conditions will affect existing buildings, infrastructure, and critical
infrastructure, economic livelihoods in the Town of Erie could be negatively impacted due to crop loss,
water shortages, and wildfires as a result of drought. Possible losses/impacts to critical facilities include
the loss of critical function due to low water supplies.
As Erie continues to grow, it will consider water-saving mitigation activities that will decrease local
vulnerability to drought.
Earthquake
According to the best available data, no injuries, deaths, or crop damages have been recorded within the
Town of Erie due to earthquakes. Although there is no historic data showing hazardous impacts on the
town, there is a great potential for earthquake events to occur at any given time.
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Inventory Exposed
According to the Hazus inventory, there are an estimated 5,226 buildings in the Town of Erie with a total
building replacement value (excluding contents) of $981,531,250.
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Potential losses
For the Golden Fault earthquake scenario, the total losses were estimated to be $1,746,600. Spatially, a
majority of the worst loss areas were located in the southern and western, urban portion of the town.
Generally, these are areas which are more densely/highly populated and more closely located to the
Golden epicenter. Hazus estimates 15 critical facilities with a total loss of $6,438,957. Of the 15 critical
facilities, 12 will be over 50% functional on the first day of the event.
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The Golden Fault scenario estimates that a total of 85 tons of debris will be generated from that 6.5
magnitude event. Of the total amount, brick and wood make up 30% of the total, with the remainder of
the debris being reinforced concrete and steel. When the debris tonnage is converted to an estimated
number of truckloads, it will require 4 truckloads (@25 tons/truck) to remove the debris generated by the
earthquake.
The Golden Fault model estimates that 204 households will be displaced in the Town of Erie due to an
earthquake and 116 people will seek temporary shelter in public shelters.
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Land Subsidence
The Colorado Geological Survey has developed a collection of Case Histories related to historical land
subsidence events in Colorado. Two out of five of CGS’s Case Histories are located in Erie, Co. Summaries
of the two subsidence events in Erie have been included below (provided by Colorado Geological Society).
Case History: 2009, Jay Road, Erie, CO
In January 2009 a large subsidence hole was reported at a residence near the corner of a horse barn. The
property owners reported the hole “opened up overnight” and a fence and gate had been destroyed by
the event. The hole measured roughly 25 feet by 25 feet by 15 feet deep and was filled with water.
Because of the nature of the opening and the proximity to livestock and human activities, the event was
considered a subsidence emergency and was backfilled by the Abandoned Mine Lands program.
Case History: 2008, Erie, CO
In December of 2008, a large subsidence hole in a field west of Erie was reported. The hole was about 50
feet in diameter and 35 feet deep. The field where the hole appeared was under consideration for
annexation by the Town of Erie for future residential development. However, a geophysical investigation
conducted three months prior to the event did not show any evidence of voids in the area. In fact, the
hole was located outside of the mined area shown on the mine map. During the mitigation process, a
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secondary subsidence pit of smaller dimensions was found directly west of the original hole. Both holes
were backfilled by the Abandoned Mine Lands program.
Inventory Exposed
A structure may be at risk to the impacts of land subsidence if it is located over or close to an undermined
area. The maps below identify the locations within the Town of Erie that have elevated potential for
subsidence due to historical mining activity and development activity.
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Potential losses
The following table summarizes the potential losses associated with potential land subsidence events in
the Town of Erie County. Structures and parcels within high risk areas, as well as critical facilities, have
been identified and their collective value quantified.
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Count Total Assessor Value
Structure/Parcels 892 $159,337,763
Critical Facilities 4 $25,036,045
The risk analysis indicates that Erie has relatively high exposure to land subsidence, primarily because of
the location of historically undermined areas in relation to urban development and population growth.
Not only have there been previous land subsidence events reported in the county, CGS data of at-risk
areas shows a number of areas of historical undermining in the county, many of which intersect with
critical facilities, largely populated areas, and future development areas.
Straight-Line Winds and Tornado
According to the best available data, no injuries, deaths, or crop damages have been recorded within the
Town of Erie due to tornadoes. There have been three tornadoes reported within the town limits between
1976 and 2013. A tornado occurred on July 12, 1979 and caused $4,000 worth of property loss. There
have been tornadoes reported close to the borders of the Town limits. Tornadoes will remain a highly
likely occurrence for the Town of Erie.
According to the best available data, no injuries, deaths, or crop damages have been recorded within the
Town of Erie due to straight-line winds. There have been 6 reports of high wind events within the town
limits between 1987 and 2014.
Tornadoes touched down in multiple areas across Colorado on Saturday, August 3, 2013 including Erie,
according to the National Weather Service. The Boulder Office of Emergency Management alerted the
public to a tornado warning around 7 P.M. Major damages were inflicted on the Town’s Boulder Valley
Velodrome, which is only the 2nd such facility in the state and whose construction was close to being
completed.
Straight-line winds remain a highly likely occurrence for the Town of Erie.
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Inventory Exposed
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All assets located in the Town of Erie can be considered at risk from straight-line winds and tornadoes.
This includes 20,493 people, or 100% of the town’s population, and all buildings and structures within the
town. Most structures, including the town’s critical facilities, should be able to withstand and provide
adequate protection from severe wind and tornadoes. Those facilities with back-up generators should be
fully equipped to handle severe wind and tornado events should the power go out.
Potential losses
Generally, straight-line wind events and tornadoes destroy private, commercial, and public property.
Additional costs stem from debris removal, maintenance, repair, and response. Indirect costs include loss
of industrial and commercial productivity as a result of damage to infrastructure, facilities, or interruption
of services. Because no specific, community-wide loss estimation exists for wind and tornado hazards,
potential losses are related to structure value. The building value of the structures in this area amounts
to roughly $981,531,250. Potential losses could be substantial.
Prairie Fire
On July 1st through July 7th, 1994, the Town of Erie experienced a prairie fire. There is no data available
for injuries, deaths, or damages. Although there is no historic data showing hazardous impacts on the
town, there is a great potential for prairie fire events to occur at any given time.
There are a number of areas in the southeastern and south central region of the town that are within the
medium to highest level on the WUI Risk Index Scale. This means that the potential impact on people and
homes from a prairie fire in those areas is medium to high in relationship to the rest of Weld County. This
level of risk is derived by combining housing density with predicted flame length.
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Inventory Exposed
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Fires can extensively impact the economy of an affected area, including the agricultural, recreation and
tourism industries, water resources, and the critical facilities upon which the Town of Erie depends. There
are 652 identified structures located in areas with the highest wildfire threat total. The appraisal value of
the assets within these high threat areas is approximately $ 136,245,819. When considering assets located
in areas of moderate wildfire threat there are 395 structures identified. The appraised value of these
assets is approximately $ 81,520,219. There are no critical facilities in the highest wildfire threat areas.
There is one critical facility located in an area with the moderate wildfire threat. The appraised value of
this facility is $312,720.
Potential losses
Currently, there is no method for estimating wildfire loss. In most cases, the emergency management
community equates potential losses to assets exposed to wildfire as a method of quantifying and
comparing potential losses across communities. The exposure data provided in the previous section
(Inventory Assets Exposed) provides the clearest picture of potential losses to wildfire in the Town of Erie.
Public Health Hazards
Public health hazards, including epidemics and pandemics, have the potential to cause serious illness and
death, especially among those who have compromised immune systems due to age or underlying medical
conditions. During the 2015 planning process, pandemic flu was identified as the key public health hazard
in the county.
Inventory Exposed
Due to the regional nature of public health hazards, jurisdictions with higher numbers of socially
vulnerable residents are expected to experience magnified impacts of public health hazards. This includes
places with high numbers of elderly residents, young children, low income families, and homeless
individuals/outdoor laborers.
The table below shows data related to population vulnerability to public health hazards. Based on Census
information and knowledge of social vulnerability to hazards, jurisdictions with high numbers of elderly
residents, young children, and a high poverty rate can plan accordingly to provide appropriate services
and mitigation assistance during public health hazards outbreaks.
Populations Vulnerable to Public Health Hazards
Age: 65 and Over (%) Age: 5 and under (%) Persons Below Poverty
Level (%)
Colorado 10.9 6.8 12.9
Town of Erie 5.7 9.6 4.1
The Town of Erie has a lower percentage of elderly residents than does the state of Colorado. This is also
true for the percentage of people living below poverty level in the town. A larger percentage of Erie
residents are under the age of 5 than the general population of Colorado. Based on these statistics, Erie
residents (in general) do not appear to be acutely vulnerable to the impacts of public health hazards. That
said, future mitigation efforts related to public health hazards should focus on reaching those residents
who are elderly, young children, live in poverty, or are homeless.
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Potential Losses
Because there is no defined geographic boundary for public health hazards, all of the people and
infrastructure within the Town of Erie are exposed to public health hazards. Those with elevated risk and
potential loss are the homeless, infirm, elderly, young and low income families. Given the lack of historical
data in the Town of Erie resulting from public health hazards, and that placing a dollar amount on the cost
of a human life are beyond the scope of the Plan, annualized economic losses for the Town of Erie due to
public health hazards are currently considered unquantifiable.
Capabilities Assessment
The capability assessment examines the ability of the Town of Erie to implement and manage the
comprehensive mitigation strategy laid out in this Plan. The strengths, weaknesses, and resources of the
community are identified here as a means for evaluating and maintaining effective and appropriate
management of the town’s hazard mitigation program.
Local Personnel
The ability of a community to implement a comprehensive mitigation strategy depends, in part, on
available resources, including people and staff. The table below outlines the town’s capabilities as they
relate to key personnel.
Full Time Part Time None or Not-Identified
Emergency Manager X
Floodplain Administrator X
Community Planner X
GIS Specialist X
Grant Writer X
Chief of Police serves as the Emergency Manager, Civil Engineer III serves as the Floodplain
Administrator, and all departments share grant writing responsibilities.
Land Use Planning and Codes
Local land use plans and building codes are tremendous tools for evaluating local policies related to hazard
mitigation and risk reduction. Additionally, comprehensive master plans, capital improvement plans,
stormwater plans and zoning ordinances all present opportunities for enhanced local capabilities. The
table below outlines the Town’s current capabilities as they relate to land use planning and codes.
Yes (Y);
No (N);
I don’t know
(IDK)
A zoning ordinance Y
A hazard-specific ordinance Y
Local building codes Y
A comprehensive plan / master plan Y
A Capital Improvements Plan Y
A Stormwater Plan Y
A Continuity of Operations Plan (COOP) N
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An Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) Y
A Long-Term Recovery Plan N
Participates in the NFIP Y
Building codes are one tool that communities use to enhance public safety. For example, they can increase
structural integrity, mitigate structure fires, and provide benefits in relation to natural hazard avoidance.
In Colorado, land use regulations and building codes are typically implemented at the local level. Even
without a statewide mandate, most counties and many municipalities have enacted regulations and
codes. The Town of Erie has adopted a local building code requirement, demonstrating their
understanding of the benefits codes provide, including reduced exposure to hazards.
The Town of Erie has had previous experience receiving, administering, and applying for grants for
mitigation and planning-related activities or projects. These include grants from:
FEMA, UASI, UDFCD, FAA, and DOLA
Plan Maintenance and Implementation
The Town of Erie has developed a Plan Maintenance and Implementation Strategy outlining their method
and schedule for keeping the plan current. The Implementation Strategy below also includes a discussion
of how the town will continue public participation in the plan maintenance process.
Jurisdiction Plan Maintenance and Implementation Strategy
Town of Erie
The Town of Erie will follow Boulder County’s schedule for plan
monitoring, revision, and maintenance. Mitigation Actions will be
monitored and administered by appropriate Town Departments (i.e.
Administration, Police and Public Works).
The Town of Erie is participating in Hazard Mitigation Plans with both
Boulder and Weld County. Plans will be made public (online) when they
are brought forward for Board approval. Any changes to these plans
requiring Board approval would also be made public.
Integrating Hazard Mitigation into Local Planning
Through discussions at planning meetings and the use of an online survey, individual outreach, and phone
calls, each participating jurisdiction brainstormed with the planning team to identify processes for
integrating hazard mitigation into their local planning mechanisms and policies. The Town of Erie did not
integrate the 2009 HMP into other local planning mechanisms. The table below lists the specific
integration strategies identified by the Town of Erie based on the mitigation actions listed in this plan.
Jurisdiction Strategy
Town of Erie “We will update our Capital Improvement Plans to integrate our mitigation
actions.”
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Mitigation Action Guides
The Town of Erie previously participated in the Boulder County Hazard Mitigation Plan which was inclusive
of the Weld County portion of Erie. However, Erie did not participate in the 2009 Northeast Colorado
Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan. The following table reports on those past Actions.
The following Mitigation Action Guides present each of the community’s new mitigation actions that were
developed for the 2016 Plan.
Erie: Install Emergency Generator
PRIORITY: High HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Severe Storms
LOCATION: Town of Erie GOALS ADDRESSED: 1, 2
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 2017
ISSUE: Erie Town Hall is located at 645 Holbrook Street in Historic Downtown Erie. The building is a
renovated, turn of the century school house. Though updated in 1998-1999, the building lacks a
sufficient emergency generator to supply electrical power to all offices including Town Administration
and the Erie Police Department.
RECOMMENDATION: Improve continuity of operations. Minimize loss of life, public safety.
ACTION: Install emergency generator
LEAD AGENCY: Town of Erie Administration
– Fred Diehl, 303-926-2764
EXPECTED COST: $75,000
SUPPORT AGENCIES: POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: Pre-Hazard
Mitigation Grants
PROGRESS MILESTONES:
Erie: Install Outdoor Warning Sirens
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PRIORITY: High HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Severe Storms, Flooding
LOCATION: Town of Erie GOALS ADDRESSED: 1, 2
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: A, E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 2017
ISSUE: The Town of Erie and Mountain View Fire Rescue (MVFR) have partnered to provide an
outdoor warning notification siren for MVFR's Station 6, located at Erie Parkway and Bonanza Drive in
the Grandview neighborhood of Erie. The siren matches others currently in operation throughout
Boulder County and augments the siren located on 111th Street in Lafayette, which services
southwestern Erie. Coordination and testing of the county-wide network of outdoor sirens is
managed by the Boulder Office of Emergency Management (BOEM). MVFR will be constructing two
new fire stations within Erie in the near future. Expansion of Erie’s outdoor warning system within our
growing community is essential to efforts to minimize loss of life during severe weather events.
RECOMMENDATION: Install an early warning system to minimize loss of life and increase public
safety.
ACTION: Install Outdoor Warning Sirens
LEAD AGENCY: Town of Erie Administration
– Fred Diehl, 303-926-2764
EXPECTED COST: $50,000 X 2 = $100,000
SUPPORT AGENCIES: POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: Pre-Hazard
Mitigation Grants
PROGRESS MILESTONES:
Erie: Boulder Creek Improvements
PRIORITY: Medium HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flooding
LOCATION: Town of Erie GOALS ADDRESSED: 1, 2, 4
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 2017
ISSUE: The Town of Erie Department of Public Works has started design of protection of the banks
eroded during the September 2013 flood and add a diversion structure on Boulder Creek by the North
Water Reclamation Facility. Once design work is completed, the Town would seek various funding
sources for construction of improvements along this portion of Boulder Creek.
RECOMMENDATION: Restore proper channel flow / flood prevention. Minimize loss of life, public
safety and improve water quality.
ACTION: Boulder Creek Improvements
LEAD AGENCY: Town of Erie Department of
Public Works – Gary Behlen, 303-926-2871.
EXPECTED COST: $250,000
SUPPORT AGENCIES: POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: Pre-Hazard
Mitigation Grants, 319 Funding
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PROGRESS MILESTONES:
Erie: Coal Creek Improvements
PRIORITY: Medium HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flooding
LOCATION: Town of Erie GOALS ADDRESSED: 1, 2, 4
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 2017
ISSUE: The Town of Erie Department of Public Works has started design of improvements to two
sections of Coal Creek; one from Vista Ridge Parkway south to the Concrete Box Culvert, and the
other section near the irrigation reservoir east of Erie Commons. Once design work is completed,
priority areas will be defined so the project can be phased and funding allocated. The Town would
seek various funding sources for construction of improvements along both sections of Coal Creek.
RECOMMENDATION: Restore proper channel flow / flood prevention. Minimize loss of life, public
safety and improve water quality.
ACTION: Boulder Creek Improvements
LEAD AGENCY: Town of Erie Department of
Public Works – Gary Behlen, 303-926-2871.
EXPECTED COST: $2,500,000
SUPPORT AGENCIES: POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: Pre-Hazard
Mitigation Grants, 319 Funding
PROGRESS MILESTONES:
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Letter of Intent to Participate
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City of Evans
The City of Evans, incorporated in 1869, is located in northern Colorado at the crossroads of US Highway
85 and US Highway 34. Once the County seat of Weld County, Evans is the second most populated
municipality in the County. The City of Evans is growing rapidly, and the population nearly doubled
between 2000 and 2010.
In 2010, the City established a basic policy direction through the development of a Comprehensive Plan.
The following four categories represent the fundamental principles necessary to guide growth and
development in Evans over the next 20 years:
1. Orderly, Efficient Growth Pattern and Adequate Public Facilities, Including an Efficient
Transportation System
2. Open Space, Parks, Trails, and Recreation
3. Economic Development Opportunities
Stable, Cohesive Neighborhoods and Improved Community Identity
Community Profile
The table below summarizes key demographic and development related characteristics of the City of
Evans.
City of Evans Statistics
City of Evans Colorado
Population, 2014 20,473 5,355,866
Population, % change April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014 10.4% 6.5%
% Population under 5 years, 2010 9.5% 6.8%
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% Population under 18 years, 2010 31.5% 24.4%
% Population 65 years and over, 2010 6.1% 10.7%
Language other than English spoken at home, % age 5+,
2009-2013 26.6% 16.8%
Homeownership Rate 58.5% 65.4%
Persons Per Household 3.05 2.53
Persons below poverty level, %, 2009-2013 19.6% 13.2%
Median Household Income, 2009- 2013 $46,847 $58,433
Source: US Census Bureau
Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment
NATURAL HAZARD PROBABILITY IMPACT SPATIAL
EXTENT
WARNING
TIME DURATION RF
RATING
Flood 1.2 0.6 0.8 0.1 0.4 3.100
HAZMAT 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.4 0.3 3.000
Severe Storm 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.2 0.3 2.800
Extreme Temperatures 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.1 0.4 2.800
Drought 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.1 0.4 2.800
Earthquake 0.3 1.2 0.8 0.4 0.1 2.800
Land Subsidence 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 2.700
Straight-Line Winds &
Tornadoes 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.4 0.1 2.500
Prairie Fire 1.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.2 2.500
Public Health Hazards 0.3 0.9 0.8 0.1 0.4 2.500
HIGH RISK (2.5 or higher): Flood; HAZMAT; Sevrere Storm; Extreme Temperatures; Drought;
Earthquake; Land Subsidence; Straight-Line Winds & Tornadoes; Prairie Fire; Public Health
Hazards
MODERATE RISK HAZARD (2.0 - 2.4)
Low Risk (1.9 or lower)
Vulnerability Assessment
This section provides a refined vulnerability assessment, specific for the City of Evans, for those hazards
that were identified as being rated HIGH in the preceding section. This analysis was conducted separately
from that of the county-wide vulnerability assessment to specifically focus on the population, structures,
infrastructure, and other assets unique to the City of Evans.
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The results of the social vulnerability assessment are displayed on the map below. On the map, social
vulnerability is represented at the census tract level by 5 classes of vulnerability: Low (bottom 20% of the
county), Medium-Low, Medium, Medium-High, and High (top 20% of the county). The City of Evan’s social
vulnerability map shows social vulnerability within the community.
The City of Evans is characterized by a mix of medium to high levels of social vulnerability. The majority of
the City is within the medium-high social vulnerability range and the north eastern portion of the town
falls within the top 20% of socially vulnerable places in Weld County. Evaluating the individual social
vulnerability indicators within the community over time will give local emergency managers, planners,
and stakeholders an even clearer picture of which social vulnerability factors have the largest negative
effect on the town and it resiliency.
Flood
According to the best available data there are no reported injuries, deaths, property damage, or crop
damage in the City of Evans caused by flooding. There have been flood events that occurred within the
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town limits as well as near the town limits. Although there is no historic data showing hazardous impacts
on the town, there is a great potential for flood events to occur at any given time.
Inventory Exposed
The critical facility and structure exposure analysis estimates that there are no critical facilities and 13
structures in the City of Evans that are flood prone (not including the total miles of flood prone
infrastructure). The appraised value of these exposed structures is approximately $2.1 million dollars.
Potential losses
Hazus estimates for the City of Evans that for a 100-year flood event, approximately 13 buildings will
experience flood damage. The total economic loss estimated for the 100-year flood is over $2.6 million
dollars.
The map below shows the flooding threat to structures in the City of Evans by layering identified special
flood hazard areas (SFHA) with the locations of community-defined structures.
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HAZMAT
Based on data supplied by the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration’s (PHMSA) Incident
Reports Database there have been 36 reported HAZMAT incidents within the City of Evans between 1972
and 2015.
Inventory Exposed
Two designated nuclear and hazardous materials transportation routes run adjacent the City of Evans (US
34 and US 85). All structures, natural resources, and people located within one mile of these
transportation routes are exposed to the impacts of a potential HAZMAT event. Structures, people, and
natural resources located outside of a one mile buffer of these routes are also at risk of exposure.
Assets and people that are located within one mile of an industrial or commercial fixed site are also at risk
of exposure to the impacts of a HAZMAT release.
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Potential losses
HAZMAT related events occur throughout Weld County every year. The intensity and magnitude of these
incidents depend on weather conditions, the location of the event, the time of day, and the process by
which the materials are released. Was it raining when the event happened? Were the hazardous materials
being transported by rail when they were released or were they at a fixed facility? Did the spill happen
during rush hour traffic or in the middle of the night? All of these considerations matter when determining
the risk and potential damages associated with a HAZMAT incident.
HAZMAT events have the potential to threaten lives and disrupt business activity. Moreover, HAZMAT
incidents can cause serious environmental contamination to air, ground, and water sources.
Severe Storm (Hail, Lightning, Winter Storm)
Hail
According to the best available data there are no reported injuries, deaths, property damage, or crop
damage in the City of Evans. There have been 9 recorded hail events within the City of Evans as well as
several hail events that occurred less than one mile from the town limits, none of which reported injuries,
deaths, property damage, or crop damage. Although there is no historic data showing hazardous impacts
on the town, there is a great potential for hail events to occur at any given time.
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Lightning
According to the best available data, no injuries, property damage, or crop damage have occurred within
the City of Evans caused by Lightning. There have been two recorded Lightning incidents in Evans one of
which resulted in a death on June 5, 2009. There is a great potential for Lightning to occur at any given
time in the City of Evans.
Winter Storm
According to the best available data, the City of Evans has experienced 25 Winter Storms since 1996. On
December 28, 2006 there was report of a winter storm causing $102,000 in property damage in central
and southern Weld County. There were no deaths, injuries or damage to crops reported for any of these
storms. The City of Evans is at high risk of experiencing Winter Storms during the winter months.
Inventory Exposed
All assets located in the City of Evans can be considered at risk from severe storms. This includes 20,473
people, or 100% of the town’s population and all buildings and infrastructure within the city. Damages
primarily occur as a result of high winds, lightning strikes, hail, snow-loading, and flooding. Most
structures, including the city’s critical facilities, should be able to provide adequate protection from hail
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but the structures could suffer broken windows and dented exteriors. Those facilities with back-up
generators are better equipped to handle severe weather situation should the power go out.
Potential Losses
Severe storms affect the entire planning area of the City of Evans including all above-ground structures
and infrastructure. Although losses to structures are typically minimal and covered by insurance, there
can be impacts with lost time, maintenance costs, and contents within structures. A timely forecast may
not be able to mitigate the property loss, but could reduce the casualties and associated injuries.
It appears possible to forecast these extreme events with some skill, but further research needs to be
done to test the existing hypothesis about the interaction between the convective storm and its
environment that produces the extensive swath of high winds. Severe storms will remain a highly likely
occurrence for the City of Evans. It is likely that lightning and hail will also be experienced in the area due
to such storms.
Extreme Temperatures
According to the best available data, no injuries, deaths, or crop damages have been recorded within the
City of Evans due to extreme temperatures. There are two reports of extreme cold temperatures in
central and southern Weld County on December 16th and 17th, 1996. There is a great potential for
extreme temperature events to occur within the region at any given time.
Inventory Exposed
Due to the regional nature of extreme temperatures hazards, jurisdictions with higher numbers of socially
vulnerable residents are expected to experience magnified impacts of extreme temperatures. This
includes places with high numbers of elderly residents, low income families and homeless
individuals/outdoor laborers.
The table below shows data related to population vulnerability to extreme temperatures. Based on Census
information and knowledge of social vulnerability to hazards, jurisdictions with high numbers of elderly
residents, a high poverty rate and/or large numbers of rental properties can plan accordingly to provide
appropriate services and mitigation assistance during extreme temperature events.
Populations Vulnerable to Extreme Temperatures
Age: 65 and Over (%) Persons Below Poverty
Level (%)
Renter-occupied housing
units (%)
Colorado 10.9 12.9 34.5
City of Evans 6.1 19.6 41.5
The City of Evans has a lower percentage of elderly residents than does the state of Colorado. Evans has
a higher percentage of people living below poverty level than the state. A lower percentage of Evans
residents own their homes than the general population of Colorado. Based on these statistics, Evans
residents (in general) appear to be more acutely vulnerable to the impacts of extreme temperatures than
the general population of Colorado. That said, future mitigation efforts related to extreme temperature
should focus on reaching those residents who are elderly, live in poverty, are homeless, or are renters.
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Potential Losses
Because there is no defined geographic boundary for extreme temperature hazards, all of the people and
infrastructure within the City of Evans are exposed to extreme temperatures. Those with elevated risk
and potential loss are the homeless, infirm, elderly, and low income families. Given the lack of historical
data and limited likelihood of structural losses in the City of Evans resulting from extreme heat or cold,
and that placing a dollar amount on the cost of a human life are beyond the scope of the Plan, annualized
economic losses for the City of Evans due to extreme temperatures are currently considered
unquantifiable.
Drought
According to the best available data, no injuries, deaths, or crop damages have been recorded within the
City of Evans due to drought. There are four reports of drought in southern Weld County. The four
drought events all occurred in April of 2002 and March of 2011. There is a great potential for a drought
event to occur at any given time.
Inventory Exposed
Drought will have little to no direct impact on critical facilities or structures in the City of Evans. Should a
drought affect the water available for public water systems or individual wells, the availability of clean
drinking water could be compromised. This situation would require emergency actions and could possibly
overwhelm local capacities and financial resources.
Potential Losses
Although it is unlikely that drought conditions will affect existing buildings, infrastructure, and critical
infrastructure, economic livelihoods in the City of Evans could be negatively impacted due to crop loss,
water shortages, and wildfires as a result of drought. Possible losses/impacts to critical facilities include
the loss of critical function due to low water supplies.
As Evans continues to grow, it will consider water-saving mitigation activities that will decrease local
vulnerability to drought.
Earthquake
According to the best available data, no injuries, deaths, or crop damages have been recorded within the
City of Evans due to earthquakes. Although there is no historic data showing hazardous impacts on the
city, there is a great potential for earthquake events to occur at any given time.
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Inventory Exposed
According to the Hazus inventory, there are an estimated 6,756 buildings in the City of Evans with a total
building replacement value (excluding contents) of $641,363,150.
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Potential Losses
For the Golden Fault earthquake scenario, the total losses were estimated to be $8,514,415. Spatially, a
majority of the worst loss areas were located in the southern and western, urban portion of the city.
Generally, these are areas which are more densely/highly populated and more closely located to the
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Golden epicenter. Hazus estimates 22 critical facilities with a total loss of $611,684. Of the 22 critical
facilities, all will be over 50% functional on the first day of the event.
The Golden Fault scenario estimates that a total of 39 tons of debris will be generated from that 6.5
magnitude event. Of the total amount, brick and wood make up 40% of the total, with the remainder of
the debris being reinforced concrete and steel. When the debris tonnage is converted to an estimated
number of truckloads, it will require 2 truckloads (@25 tons/truck) to remove the debris generated by the
earthquake.
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The Golden Fault model estimates that 136 households will be displaced in the City of Evans due to an
earthquake and 99 people will seek temporary shelter in public shelters.
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Land Subsidence
The risk analysis indicates that the City of Evans has limited exposure to land subsidence. Not only have
there been no previous land subsidence events reported in the city, CGS data of at-risk areas shows very
few areas of historical undermining, none of which intersect with critical facilities or future development
areas.
Inventory Exposed
Based on the hazard risk assessment performed for this plan there are no structures, parcels, or critical
facilities located in identified subsidence areas in the City of Evans.
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Potential Losses
Based on the hazard risk assessment performed for this plan there are no structures, parcels, or critical
facilities located in identified subsidence areas in the City of Evans. Therefore, potential hazard losses
are expected to be negligible or zero.
Straight-Line Winds and Tornado
According to the best available data, no injuries, deaths, or crop damages have been recorded within
the City of Evans due to tornadoes. There is record of 1 tornado reported within the city limits on June
22, 1991. This incident caused $5,000 worth of property loss. There have been tornadoes reported very
close to the borders of the city limits. Tornadoes will remain a highly likely occurrence for the City of
Evans.
According to the best available data, no injuries, deaths, or crop damages have been recorded within
the City of Evans due to straight-line winds. There have been 7 reported high wind events between
1956 and 2013 within the city limits. On May 16, 1988 a high wind event caused $4,000 in property
damage. Straight-line winds remain a highly likely occurrence for the City of Evans.
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Inventory Exposed
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All assets located in the City of Evans can be considered at risk from straight-line winds and tornadoes.
This includes 20,473 people, or 100% of the city’s population, and all buildings and structures within the
city. Most structures, including the city’s critical facilities, should be able to withstand and provide
adequate protection from severe wind and tornadoes. Those facilities with back-up generators should be
fully equipped to handle severe wind and tornado events should the power go out.
Potential Losses
Generally, straight-line wind events and tornadoes destroy private, commercial, and public property.
Additional costs stem from debris removal, maintenance, repair, and response. Indirect costs include loss
of industrial and commercial productivity as a result of damage to infrastructure, facilities, or interruption
of services. Because no specific, community-wide loss estimation exists for wind and tornado hazards,
potential losses are related to structure value. The building value of the structures in this area amounts
to roughly $641,363,150. Potential losses could be substantial.
Prairie Fire
According to best available data, there are no historic prairie fires occurring within the City of Evans and
no injuries, deaths, property damage or crop damages have been recorded.
There is a small area in the central region of the city that are within the medium to highest level on the
WUI Risk Index Scale. This means that the potential impact on people and homes from a prairie fire in
those areas is medium to high in relationship to the rest of Weld County. This level of risk is derived by
combining housing density with predicted flame length.
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Inventory Exposed
Fires can extensively impact the economy of an affected area, including the agricultural, recreation and
tourism industries, water resources, and the critical facilities upon which the City of Evans depends. There
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are 5 identified structures located in areas with the highest wildfire threat total. The appraisal value of
the assets within these high threat areas is approximately $708,279. When considering assets located in
areas of moderate wildfire threat there are 149 structures identified. The appraised value of these assets
is approximately $10,389,437. There are no critical facilities in the moderate or high wildfire threat areas.
Potential Losses
Currently, there is no method for estimating wildfire loss. In most cases, the emergency management
community equates potential losses to assets exposed to wildfire as a method of quantifying and
comparing potential losses across communities. The exposure data provided in the previous section
(Inventory Assets Exposed) provides the clearest picture of potential losses to wildfire in the City of Evans.
Public Health Hazard
Public health hazards, including epidemics and pandemics, have the potential to cause serious illness and
death, especially among those who have compromised immune systems due to age or underlying medical
conditions. During the 2015 planning process, pandemic flu was identified as the key public health hazard
in the county.
Inventory Exposed
Due to the regional nature of public health hazards, jurisdictions with higher numbers of socially
vulnerable residents are expected to experience magnified impacts of public health hazards. This includes
places with high numbers of elderly residents, young children, low income families, and homeless
individuals/outdoor laborers.
The table below shows data related to population vulnerability to public health hazards. Based on Census
information and knowledge of social vulnerability to hazards, jurisdictions with high numbers of elderly
residents, young children, and a high poverty rate can plan accordingly to provide appropriate services
and mitigation assistance during public health hazards outbreaks.
Populations Vulnerable to Public Health Hazards
Age: 65 and Over (%) Age: 5 and under (%) Persons Below Poverty
Level (%)
Colorado 10.9 6.8 12.9
City of Evans 6.1 9.5 19.6
The City of Evans has a lower percentage of elderly residents than does the state of Colorado. A larger
percentage of Evans residents are under the age of 5 than the general population of Colorado. There is a
much greater percentage of people living below poverty level than the state. Based on these statistics,
Evans residents (in general) appear to be more vulnerable to the impacts of public health hazards. That
said, future mitigation efforts related to public health hazards should focus on reaching those residents
who are elderly, young children, live in poverty, or are homeless.
Potential Losses
Because there is no defined geographic boundary for public health hazards, all of the people and
infrastructure within the City of Evans are exposed to public health hazards. Those with elevated risk and
potential loss are the homeless, infirm, elderly, young and low income families. Given the lack of historical
data in the City of Evans resulting from public health hazards, and that placing a dollar amount on the cost
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of a human life are beyond the scope of the Plan, annualized economic losses for the City of Evans due to
public health hazards are currently considered unquantifiable.
Capabilities Assessment
The capability assessment examines the ability of the City of Evans to implement and manage the
comprehensive mitigation strategy laid out in this Plan. The strengths, weaknesses, and resources of the
community are identified here as a means for evaluating and maintaining effective and appropriate
management of the City’s hazard mitigation program.
Local Personnel
The ability of a community to implement a comprehensive mitigation strategy depends, in part, on
available resources, including people and staff. The table below outlines the City’s capabilities as they
relate to key personnel.
Full Time Part Time None or Not-Identified
Emergency Manager X
Floodplain Administrator X
Community Planner X
GIS Specialist X
Grant Writer X
Land Use Planning and Codes
Local land use plans and building codes are tremendous tools for evaluating local policies related to hazard
mitigation and risk reduction. Additionally, comprehensive master plans, capital improvement plans,
stormwater plans and zoning ordinances all present opportunities for enhanced local capabilities. The
table below outlines the City’s current capabilities as they relate to land use planning and codes.
Yes (Y);
No (N);
I don’t know
(IDK)
A zoning ordinance Y
A hazard-specific ordinance Y
Local building codes Y
A comprehensive plan / master plan Y
A Capital Improvements Plan Y
A Stormwater Plan Y
A Continuity of Operations Plan (COOP) N
An Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) Y
A Long-Term Recovery Plan N
Participates in the NFIP Y
Building codes are one tool that communities use to enhance public safety. For example, they can increase
structural integrity, mitigate structure fires, and provide benefits in relation to natural hazard avoidance.
In Colorado, land use regulations and building codes are typically implemented at the local level. Even
without a statewide mandate, most counties and many municipalities have enacted regulations and
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codes. The City of Evans has adopted a local building code requirement, demonstrating their
understanding of the benefits codes provide, including reduced exposure to hazards.
Plan Maintenance and Implementation
The City of Evans has developed a Plan Maintenance and Implementation Strategy outlining their method
and schedule for keeping the plan current. The Implementation Strategy below also includes a discussion
of how the city will continue public participation in the plan maintenance process.
Jurisdiction Strategy
City of Evans
The mitigation actions will be reviewed by City Council annually.
As part of the plan maintenance process, the City of Evans will continue to
engage the public in the process of identifying hazard risks and prioritizing
mitigation actions. To do so the mitigation plan and the actions identified will be
posted to the city website and it will be updated annually as actions and priorities
change over time.
Integrating Hazard Mitigation into Local Planning
Through discussions at planning meetings and the use of an online survey, individual outreach, and phone
calls, each participating jurisdiction brainstormed with the planning team to identify processes for
integrating hazard mitigation into their local planning mechanisms and policies. The table below lists the
specific integration strategies identified by the City of Evans based on the mitigation actions listed in this
plan.
Jurisdiction Strategy
City of Evans “Priorities that have been identified are in the following master plans and policy
documents: stormwater, transportation, and flood ordinances.”
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Mitigation Action Guides
The following Mitigation Action Guides present status updates on Evans’ mitigation actions that were
included in past Plans.
City of Evans: Implement the high priority actions of the City of Evans’ Comprehensive Master
Drainage Plan.
PRIORITY: Medium (implement as funding
becomes available)
HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flooding
LOCATION: City of Evans GOALS ADDRESSED: 1, 2, 4
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 2009 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: C, E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: Ongoing
ISSUE: The City of Evans has a Comprehensive Master Drainage Plan that identifies over $22 Million in
drainage improvements that necessary throughout the community. The City does have its own
stormwater utility program which generates revenue to manage a stormwater master drainage plan.
The plan is a multi-volume engineering document that delineates the problems, designs solutions, and
calculates the cost-effectiveness of the recommended actions. The Public Works Department intends,
over time, to implement the entire plan. For the purposes of this plan, however, Evans has prioritized
the work to be accomplished first and submitted the following projects for inclusion in this plan.
RECOMMENDATION: The Public Works Department intends, over time, to implement the entire plan.
For the purposes of this plan, however, Evans has prioritized the work to be accomplished first and
submitted the following projects for inclusion in this plan. · Storm sewer improvements in the vicinity
of US85 and 31st St.· Improve existing detention facilities/Construct storm sewer improvements in the
vicinity of US85 and 37th St. · Construct a large diameter storm sewer in 37th St., just east of US85
eastward to the Platte River. · Construct a storm sewer and drainage structures in W. Service Rd,
from 42nd St. to the Platte River.
ACTION: Implement the high priority actions of the City of Evans’ Comprehensive Master Drainage
Plan.
LEAD AGENCY: Evans Public Works EXPECTED COST: · Storm sewer improvements in the
vicinity of US85 and 31st St. $950,000 · Improve
existing detention facilities/Construct storm sewer
improvements in the vicinity of US85 and 37th St.
$236,000 · Construct a large diameter storm sewer in
37th St., just east of US85 eastward to the Platte River.
$1,905,000 · Construct a storm sewer and drainage
structures in W. Service Rd, from 42nd St. to the Platte
River. $335,000
SUPPORT AGENCIES: POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: Stormwater utility
fees and in-kind labor serve as match for grants
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PROGRESS MILESTONES: The City of Evans completed phase one of a large diameter storm sewer in
37th Street, ease of US 85 to the Platte River. Evans also completed a storm sewer and drainage
structures in W Service Road from 42nd St. to the Platte River. Storm sewer improvements in the
vicinity of US 85 and 31st Street are scheduled to start in 2009, as are ongoing improvement to
existing detention facilities in the vicinity of US 85 and 37th Street. Dacono uses the “Anderson Plan”
that was completed in 1999. The plan needs to be updated. Complete and an on-going action that
continues to be updated as master plans are updated.
City of Evans: Participate in Storm Ready
PRIORITY: High HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Severe Weather
LOCATION: Weld County-wide GOALS ADDRESSED: 1, 2, 3
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 2009 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: A, B, E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: Ongoing; Four
classes completed in the spring March-May
2009
ISSUE: One of the goals for the Northeast region is to have all 11 counties’ participate in Storm Ready.
Weld County has been a participant in the past, and the intent is to maintain Storm Ready status
RECOMMENDATION: As a Storm Ready County, we hold several Weather Spotter Classes. These
classes are taught by NOAA and participants can become a spotter and report information to NOAA or
the WCRCC.
ACTION: Apply and maintain ‘Storm Ready” status with NOAA.
LEAD AGENCY: Weld County OEM in
conjunction with appropriate County/Town
Departments with municipalities
participating in this plan (Ault, Dacono,
Evans, Firestone, Fort Lupton, Frederick,
Garden City, Gilcrest, Greeley, Grover,
Hudson, Johnstown, Keenesburg, Kersey,
LaSalle, Mead, Milliken, New Raymer,
Pierce, Platteville, Severance, and Windsor),
and school districts (Weld County RE-4, RE-6
and RE-8, Platte Valley Schools).
EXPECTED COST: Staff Time and funds for meeting for
drinks and goodies. This will come from the OEM
budget
SUPPORT AGENCIES: POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: OEM Budget and
local business sponsor’s
PROGRESS MILESTONES:
Evans has been participating with Weld County as being a member of the Counties StormReady
program. Currently the City host at least one weather spotter class per year and will continue to
expand the community’s server weather awareness.
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
City of Evans: Continued compliance with the NFIP
PRIORITY: Medium HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flooding
LOCATION: Evans GOALS ADDRESSED: 1, 2, 3, 4
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 2009 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: A, C, E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: Ongoing
ISSUE: As participants in the NFIP the Community will continue to promote wise use of floodplains
through ordinance administration and periodic update, promotion of flood insurance and staff
training, including encouragement of Certified Floodplain Manager status.
RECOMMENDATION: The benefits are to floodprone building owners who choose to insure against
flood losses, and to taxpayers who no longer would be faced with subsidizing those potential losses.
ACTION:
LEAD AGENCY: Floodplain Management
officials
EXPECTED COST: Can be accomplished within existing
budgets
SUPPORT AGENCIES: POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES:
PROGRESS MILESTONES: The City has hired a consultant from to act as out flood plain manager. Post
the September 2013 floods, the City updated their flood mitigation ordinance to help mitigate
additional damage from future floods.
The following Mitigation Action Guides each of Evans’ new mitigation actions that were developed for
the 2016 Plan.
City of Evans: Implement the high priority actions of the City of Evans’ Comprehensive Master
Drainage Plan.
PRIORITY: High HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flood
LOCATION: City of Evans GOALS ADDRESSED: 1, 3
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 09/15/2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: C, E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 2018
ISSUE: The City of Evans has a current Master Drainage Plan that has identifies over $22 Million in
drainage improvements that necessary throughout the community. However, the city is in the
process if updating the Master Drainage Plan and should be approved In 2016. The City does have its
own storm water utility program which generates revenue to manage a storm water master drainage
plan. The plan is a multi-volume engineering document that delineates the problems, designs
solutions, and calculates the cost-effectiveness of the recommended actions. The Public Works
Department intends, over time, to implement the entire plan. For the purposes of this plan, however,
Evans has prioritized the work to be accomplished first and submitted the following projects for
inclusion in this plan.
RECOMMENDATION The Public Works Department intends, over time, to implement the entire plan.
For the purposes of this plan, however, Evans has prioritized the work to be accomplished first and
submitted the following projects for inclusion in this plan, but may change at the completion of the
updated Master Drainage Plan · Storm sewer improvements in the vicinity of US85 and 31st St.
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
improve existing detention facilities/Construct storm sewer improvements in the vicinity of US85 and
37th St. · Construct a storm sewer and drainage structures in W. Service Rd, from 42nd St. to the
Platte River. Install a secondary storm water system that will carry storm water back to the river when
the river has raised significantly and has covered the primary storm water discharges.
ACTION: Implement the high priority actions of the City of Evans’ Comprehensive Master Drainage
Plan.
LEAD AGENCY: City of Evans Public Works EXPECTED COST:
Storm sewer improvements in the vicinity of
US85 and 31st St. $950,000
Improve existing detention facilities/Construct
storm sewer improvements in the vicinity of
US85 and 37th St. $236,000
SUPPORT AGENCIES: POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: Storm water utility
fees and in-kind labor serve as match for grants
PROGRESS MILESTONES: Improvements to many of the existing
detention facilities have been completed since the 2004 hazard
mitigation plan. Storm sewer improvements in the vicinity of
US85 and 37th St. were completed in the summer of 2015, the
picture to the right is of the project. Storm sewer improvements
in the vicinity of US85 and 31st St. started in the fall of 2015 and
is expected to be completed in 2016.
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City of Evans: Apply for and maintain “Weather Ready Ambassador” status with NOAA
PRIORITY: Medium HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Severe Weather
LOCATION: City of Evans GOALS ADDRESSED: 1, 3
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 09/15/2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: A, B,C, E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 2018
ISSUE: While still participating with Weld County as “Storm Ready.” The City of Evans intends to be a
Weather Ready Ambassador through NOAA.
RECOMMENDATION: As a Weather Ready Ambassador, we hold several Weather Spotter Classes.
These classes are taught by NOAA and participants can become a spotter and report information to
NOAA or the WCRCC.
ACTION: Apply and maintain “Weather Ready Ambassador” status with NOAA.
LEAD AGENCY: City of Evans Office of
Emergency Management.
EXPECTED COST: Staff Time and funds for meeting for
drinks and goodies. This will come from the OEM
budget
SUPPORT AGENCIES: POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: OEM Budget and
local business sponsors
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City of Evans: Implement ordnances to prevent any building within the 100yr floodplain
PRIORITY: Medium HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flood
LOCATION: City of Evans GOALS ADDRESSED: 1, 2, 4
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 09/15/2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: C, D, E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 2018
ISSUES: Start the process of implementing no building ordinances within the 100yr flood plan.
RECOMMENDATION: Work with City Council, County Commissioners, and legal counsel to start to
enhance the city’s floodplain ordinances to prevent structures from being built within the 100yr
floodplain in order to protect life and property.
ACTION: Implement ordnances prevent any building within the 100yr floodplain.
LEAD AGENCY: City Manager’s Office EXPECTED COST: Staff Time and legal fees
SUPPORT AGENCIES: Community
Development, City of Evans OEM, flood
recovery team.
POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: General budget.
City of Evans: Complete engineering, hazard mitigation analysis on 49th street and Industrial Pkwy;
Rebuild 49th street and Industrial Pkwy; Update and implement Transportation Plan
PRIORITY: High HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flood
LOCATION: City of Evans GOALS ADDRESSED: 1, 2, 4
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 09/15/2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: D, E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 2017
ISSUES: As the City of Evans continues to grow and change, the transportation system needs to be
updated to meet the needs of the future and allow adequate access for residents, businesses,
property owners and first responders in the event of disaster. During the September 2013 Flood
several roads in and around the City of Evans sustained damage. While most of this damage has been
addressed, the heavy rains of May/June 2015 once again damaged the low lying sections of 49th St.,
Industrial Parkway and Brantner Road. In the near term, these streets need to be reconstructed in a
more resilient manner. In the long term the city should develop options to using these low lying
roads.
RECOMMENDATION: The following items need to be addressed.
Update 2004 Transportation plan with an emphasis on community resiliency, economic
development, connectivity, and hazard mitigation.
As part of the transportation plan, develop standards/guidelines for new and existing
transportation infrastructure in floodplains
Complete engineering, hazard mitigation analysis, and reconstruction 49th St., Industrial
Parkway and Brantner Road, to make the roads resilient to future floods and able to
accommodate expected industrial traffic in the area.
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
ACTION: Complete engineering, hazard mitigation analysis on 49th street and Industrial Pkwy. Rebuild
49th street and Industrial Pkwy, Update and implement Transportation Plan.
LEAD AGENCY: City of Evans Public Works EXPECTED COST:
Transportation Plan $165,000
49th street and Industrial PKWY engineering
and mitigation analysis $70, 000
49th street and Industrial PKWY construction
cost is estimated around $600,000 to $1, 000,
0000.
SUPPORT AGENCIES: City of Evans OEM,
flood recovery team.
POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: General budget and
grants.
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Letter of Intent to Participate
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Town of Firestone
“The Town of Firestone is a unique community of citizens, businesses, and governments that are united
in creating a stable, safe, prosperous, and healthful environment in which to live, work, worship, learn,
recreate and exercise the rights and freedoms provided by the United States Constitution.” – Firestone
Master Plan 2013
Located just 20 minutes north of Denver along the I-25 corridor, Firestone’s boundary is approximately
7,774 acres with a planning area of about 56 square miles. Despite its rapid growth, the town has
maintained 15 parks and five miles of trails that connect to the regional St. Vrain Legacy Trail and the
Colorado Front Range Trail System.
The Town of Firestone was incorporated in 1908. The Denslow Coal Company owned the land and
subdivided the proposed town. At the time of incorporation, the estimated population of Firestone was
75. Firestone has claim to many firsts in the County including the first saloon, telephone central, lumber
store and post office. The early 1960’s saw the shift beginning from coal mining to natural gas drilling and
home building and development in Firestone began on a larger scale. Since the mid-1990s, Firestone has
experienced rapid growth in both the residential and commercial sectors.
Today, Firestone is home to over 11,000 residents and the town has earned the title of the “Fastest
Growing Community” in Colorado between 2000 and 2010, boasting an increase in population of 423%
during that time (an increase from 1,908 people to 10,147 people).
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Community Profile
The table below summarizes key demographic and development related characteristics of the Town of
Firestone.
Town of Firestone Statistics
Town of Firestone Colorado
Population, 2014 11,537 5,355,866
Population, % change April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014 13.5% 6.5%
% Population under 5 years, 2010 10.2% 6.8%
% Population under 18 years, 2010 33.3% 24.4%
% Population 65 years and over, 2010 5.2% 10.7%
Language other than English spoken at home, % age 5+,
2009-2013 11.9% 16.8%
Homeownership Rate 88.9% 65.4%
Persons Per Household 3.21 2.53
Persons below poverty level, %, 2009-2013 4.5% 13.2%
Median Household Income, 2009- 2013 $79,091 $58,433
Source: US Census Bureau
Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment
NATURAL HAZARD PROBABILITY IMPACT SPATIAL
EXTENT
WARNING
TIME DURATION RF
RATING
Flood 0.9 0.3 0.8 0.3 0.4 2.700
Severe Storm 0.9 0.3 0.6 0.2 0.4 2.400
Straight-Line Winds &
Tornadoes 0.9 0.3 0.6 0.2 0.4 2.400
HAZMAT 0.9 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.2 2.200
Extreme Temperatures 0.9 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.4 2.100
Prairie Fire 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 2.000
Land Subsidence 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.1 1.500
Drought 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.1 1.500
Public Health Hazards 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.1 1.500
Earthquake 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.1 1.200
HIGH RISK (2.5 or higher): Flood
MODERATE RISK HAZARD (2.0 - 2.4): Severe Storm; Straight-Line Winds & Tornadoes; HAZMAT,
Extreme Temperatures; Prairie Fire
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Low Risk (1.9 or lower): Land Subsidence; Drought; Public Health Hazards; Earthquake
Vulnerability Assessment
This section provides a refined vulnerability assessment, specific for the Town of Firestone, for those
hazards that were identified as being rated HIGH in the preceding section. This analysis was conducted
separately from that of the county-wide vulnerability assessment to specifically focus on the population,
structures, infrastructure, and other assets unique to the Town of Firestone.
The results of the social vulnerability assessment are displayed on the map below. On the map, social
vulnerability is represented at the census tract level by 5 classes of vulnerability: Low (bottom 20% of the
county), Medium-Low, Medium, Medium-High, and High (top 20% of the county). The Town of Firestone’s
social vulnerability map shows social vulnerability within the community.
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The Town of Firestone is characterized by a mix of medium-low to medium-high levels of social
vulnerability. The majority of the Town is in the bottom 20% of social vulnerability in the county although
large portions of the county have medium levels of social vulnerability. There are also areas to the eastern
border of the city that may struggle in times of disaster due to very high social vulnerability levels. Over
time, close analysis of the individual social vulnerability indicators within the community will give local
emergency managers, planners, and stakeholders an even clearer picture of which social vulnerability
factors have the largest negative effect on the town and it resiliency.
Flood
According to the best available data there are no reported injuries or deaths in the Town of Firestone
caused by flooding. There has been 1 recorded flood in the Town of Firestone on August 6, 2008 that
caused $50,000 in property damage and $25,000 in crop damage. There have been flood events that
occurred within the town limits as well as several events close to the town limits, none of which reported
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injuries, deaths, property damage, or crop damage. There is a great potential for flood events to occur at
any given time in the Town of Firestone.
Inventory Exposed
The critical facility and structure exposure analysis estimates that there are 8 structures in the Town of
Firestone that are flood prone (not including the total miles of flood prone infrastructure). No critical
facilities within the planning area are flood prone. The appraised value of the eight exposed structures is
approximately $338,728.
Potential Losses
Hazus estimates for the Town of Firestone that for a 100-year flood event, approximately 8 buildings will
experience flood damage. The total economic loss estimated for the 100-year flood is $14,704. There are
no critical facilities located within the floodplain in the Town of Firestone.
Hazus estimates for the Town of Firestone that for a 100-year flood event, approximately 8 buildings will
experience flood damage. The total economic loss estimated for the 100-year flood is over $14,704.
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The map below shows the flooding threat to structures in the Town of Firestone by layering identified
special flood hazard areas (SFHA) with the locations of community-defined structures.
Capabilities Assessment
The capability assessment examines the ability of the Town of Firestone to implement and manage the
comprehensive mitigation strategy laid out in this Plan. The strengths, weaknesses, and resources of the
community are identified here as a means for evaluating and maintaining effective and appropriate
management of the Town’s hazard mitigation program.
Local Personnel
The ability of a community to implement a comprehensive mitigation strategy depends, in part, on
available resources, including people and staff. The table below outlines the Town’s capabilities as they
relate to key personnel.
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Full Time Part Time None or Not-Identified
Emergency Manager X
Floodplain Administrator X
Community Planner X
GIS Specialist X
Grant Writer X
Land Use Planning and Codes
Local land use plans and building codes are tremendous tools for evaluating local policies related to hazard
mitigation and risk reduction. Additionally, comprehensive master plans, capital improvement plans,
stormwater plans and zoning ordinances all present opportunities for enhanced local capabilities. The
table below outlines the Town’s current capabilities as they relate to land use planning and codes.
Yes (Y);
No (N);
I don’t know
(IDK)
A zoning ordinance Y
A hazard-specific ordinance Y
Local building codes Y
A comprehensive plan / master plan Y
A Capital Improvements Plan Y
A Stormwater Plan Y
A Continuity of Operations Plan (COOP) N
An Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) Y
A Long-Term Recovery Plan N
Participates in the NFIP Y
Building codes are one tool that communities use to enhance public safety. For example, they can increase
structural integrity, mitigate structure fires, and provide benefits in relation to natural hazard avoidance.
In Colorado, land use regulations and building codes are typically implemented at the local level. Even
without a statewide mandate, most counties and many municipalities have enacted regulations and
codes. The Town of Firestone has adopted a local building code requirement, demonstrating their
understanding of the benefits codes provide, including reduced exposure to hazards.
Plan Maintenance and Implementation
The Town of Firestone has developed a Plan Maintenance and Implementation Strategy outlining their
method and schedule for keeping the plan current. The Implementation Strategy below also includes a
discussion of how the city will continue public participation in the plan maintenance process.
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Jurisdiction Plan Maintenance and Implementation Strategy
Town of Firestone
The mitigation actions will be reviewed annually both by the police
department and the Town Board.
As part of the plan maintenance process, the Town of Firestone will continue
to engage the public in the process of identifying hazard risks and prioritizing
mitigation actions. To do so, the mitigation plan will be reviewed by the
Town Board on a regular basis, the public is always welcome and allowed
input.
Integration Hazard Mitigation into Local Planning
Through discussions at planning meetings and the use of an online survey, individual outreach, and phone
calls, each participating jurisdiction brainstormed with the planning team to identify processes for
integrating hazard mitigation into their local planning mechanisms and policies. The Town of Firestone did
not integrate the 2009 HMP into other local planning mechanisms. The table below lists the specific
integration strategies identified by the Town of Firestone based on the mitigation actions listed in this
plan.
Jurisdiction Strategy
Town of Firestone “We will integrate hazard mitigation actions into our Capital Improvements Plan
by emphasizing projects that mitigate the impacts of our highest risk hazards.”
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Mitigation Action Guides
The following Mitigation Action Guides present status updates on each of Firestone’s mitigation actions
that were included in the 2009 Plan.
Town of Firestone: Participate in Storm Ready
PRIORITY: High HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Weather
LOCATION: Weld County-wide GOALS ADDRESSED: 1, 2, 3
RECOMMENDATION DATE: OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: A, B, E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: Four classes in
the spring March-May
ISSUE: One of the goals for the Northeast region is to have all 11 counties participate in Storm Ready.
Weld County has been a participant in the past, and the intent is to maintain Storm Ready status
RECOMMENDATION: As a Storm Ready County, we hold several Weather Spotter Classes. These
classes are taught by NOAA and participants can become a spotter and report information to NOAA or
the WCRCC.
ACTION: Apply and maintain ‘Storm Ready” status with NOAA.
LEAD AGENCY: Weld County OEM in
conjunction with appropriate County/Town
Departments with municipalities
participating in this plan (Ault, Dacono,
Evans, Firestone, Fort Lupton, Frederick,
Garden City, Gilcrest, Greeley, Grover,
Hudson, Johnstown, Keenesburg, Kersey,
LaSalle, Mead, Milliken, New Raymer,
Pierce, Platteville, Severance, and Windsor),
and school districts (Weld County RE-4, RE-6
and RE-8, Platte Valley Schools).
EXPECTED COST: Staff Time and funds for meeting for
drinks and goodies. This will come from the OEM
budget
SUPPORT AGENCIES: POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: OEM Budget and
local business sponsor’s
PROGRESS MILESTONES: The Town of Firestone continues to coordinate with Weld County OEM to
provide and make classes available.
Town of Firestone: Backup Generators for Town Hall and Critical Facilities
PRIORITY: Medium HAZARDS ADDRESSED: All
LOCATION: Town of Firestone GOALS ADDRESSED: 1, 2
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 2009 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: Implemented
in January 2011
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ISSUE: Currently the Town of Firestone has no contingency plan for maintaining services during a
power outage
RECOMMENDATION: Implementing this plan will result in a reduction in losses based on the levels of
services the Town of Firestone is able to maintain. It should increase the Town’s ability to
communication and coordinate with stakeholders.
ACTION: Backup Generators for Town Hall and Critical Facilities
LEAD AGENCY: Office of Emergency
Management
EXPECTED COST: $60,000
SUPPORT AGENCIES: POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: HLS grant, military
surplus
PROGRESS MILESTONES: The Town of Firestone has purchased the back-up generator and it is fully
functional during a power outage.
Firestone: Continued compliance with the NFIP
PRIORITY: Medium HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flooding
LOCATION: Firestone GOALS ADDRESSED: 1, 2, 3, 4
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 2009 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: C, E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: Ongoing
ISSUE: As participants in the NFIP the Community will continue to promote wise use of floodplains
through ordinance administration and periodic update, promotion of flood insurance and staff
training, including encouragement of Certified Floodplain Manager status.
RECOMMENDATION: The benefits are to flood prone building owners who choose to insure against
flood losses, and to taxpayers who no longer would be faced with subsidizing those potential losses.
ACTION: Continued compliance with the NFIP
LEAD AGENCY: Floodplain Management
officials
EXPECTED COST: Can be accomplished within existing
budgets
SUPPORT AGENCIES: POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES:
PROGRESS MILESTONES: The Town of Firestone is not participating in the CRS program; however we
are a member of NFIP. The Town of Firestone adopted the model ordinance in Jan of 2014 as required
by the State of Colorado. The Town of Firestone enforces the floodplain regulations in accordance
with FEMA’s requirements.
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The following Mitigation Action Guides present each of Firestone’s new mitigation actions that were
developed for the 2016 Plan.
Town of Firestone: Installation of culverts in the 4000 Blk. of Firestone Blvd. to reduce flooding
PRIORITY: Medium HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flooding
LOCATION: Town of Firestone (4000 Blk. of
Firestone Blvd.)
GOALS ADDRESSED: 1, 2
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 10/2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: Implemented
by December 2016
ISSUE: The Town of Firestone needs to install culverts in the 4000 Blk. of Firestone Blvd. to mitigate
street flooding issues on the roadway. This area of roadway is the main artery into the Town and can
become flooded with moderate to heavy precipitation.
RECOMMENDATION: Implementing this plan will result in keeping the roadway open to stake holders
and emergency vehicles in times of moderate and heavy precipitation.
ACTION: Installation of culverts in the 4000 Blk. of Firestone Blvd. for safe passage of vehicles.
LEAD AGENCY: Office of Emergency
Management
EXPECTED COST: $3,500,000
SUPPORT AGENCIES: POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: DOLA ($750,000)
PROGRESS MILESTONES:
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Town of Firestone: Installation of culvert at the intersection of Colorado Blvd. and Pine Cone Ave
PRIORITY: Medium HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flooding
LOCATION: Town of Firestone (Colorado
Blvd. and Pine Cone Ave.)
GOALS ADDRESSED: 1, 2
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 10/2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: Implemented
by December 2016
ISSUE: During times of heavy and prolonged precipitation this intersection and the 8000 Blk. of
Colorado Blvd. can become flooded, preventing the safe passage of vehicle traffic.
RECOMMENDATION: Installation of this culvert will reduce the flooding in the above area. This is a
main artery for citizens and emergency vehicles to travel.
ACTION: Minimize flooding for the safe passage of vehicles.
LEAD AGENCY: Office of Emergency
Management
EXPECTED COST: $80,000
SUPPORT AGENCIES: POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: Existing budget
PROGRESS MILESTONES:
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Letter of Intent to Participate
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City of Fort Lupton
“Fort Lupton, building on the traditions of the past, will strive to provide every citizen with a safe,
healthy and prosperous environment to live, learn, work and play while encouraging quality and well-
managed growth.”
– City of Fort Lupton Comprehensive Plan
One of the primary goals of Fort Lupton is to become a sustainable city that provides ample opportunities
for all of its residents to live learn, work and play
The following are the overall goals that the City of Fort Lupton established in their Comprehensive Plan:
The purpose of the plan is to help express what kind of city Fort Lupton will be in the future. This vision
expresses the community members’ desire for Fort Lupton to be a place that has a sustainable standard
of living and a high quality of life for everyone. Citizens want:
To strengthen the downtown and encourage business owners and citizens to invest in the
community.
Safe, clean, friendly neighborhoods that have homes, shopping, parks, schools, and jobs within
walking distance.
Community leaders to collaborate with residence, developers, business owners, school leaders,
and other governments to create a vibrant city.
To support all ages, ethnicities, cultures, and income groups and to encourage a spirit of openness
and opportunity.
To encourage growth that helps to strengthen the city’s identity and economy and maintains or
improves the environment.
Community Profile
The City of Fort Lupton is located 25 miles away from Denver, Boulder, and Greeley and is poised to grow
very rapidly in the near future. The city is located at the intersection of Highway 85 and Highway 52, two
major highways in southern Weld County. Currently, Fort Lupton is in the midst of a major oil boom and
major oil related businesses continue to establish their Colorado operations within the city limits.
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The table below summarizes key demographic and development related characteristics of the City of Fort
Lupton.
City of Fort Lupton Statistics
City of Fort Lupton Colorado
Population, 2014 7,783 5,355,866
Population, % change April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014 5.2% 6.5%
% Population under 5 years, 2010 8.9% 6.8%
% Population under 19 years, 2010 34% 27.1%
% Population 65 years and over, 2010 8.4% 10.7%
Language other than English spoken at home, % age 5+,
2009-2013 35.7% 16.8%
Homeownership Rate 66.9% 65.4%
Persons Per Household 3.03 2.53
Persons below poverty level, %, 2009-2013 16.6% 13.2%
Median Household Income, 2009- 2013 $50,261 $58,433
Source: US Census Bureau
Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment
NATURAL HAZARD PROBABILITY IMPACT SPATIAL
EXTENT
WARNING
TIME DURATION RF
RATING
Public Health Hazards 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.2 0.2 2.800
Drought 0.9 0.9 0.4 0.1 0.2 2.500
Earthquake 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.1 2.200
Flood 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.1 2.200
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HAZMAT 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.1 2.100
Straight-Line Winds &
Tornadoes 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.1 0.1 2.000
Extreme Temperatures 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.1 0.2 1.900
Prairie Fire 0.9 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.1 1.900
Severe Storm 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.1 0.3 1.900
Land Subsidence 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.1 1.700
HIGH RISK (2.5 or higher): Public Health Hazards; Drought
MODERATE RISK HAZARD (2.0 - 2.4): Earthquake; Flood; HAZMAT; Straight-Line Wind and
Tornadoes
Low Risk (1.9 or lower): Extreme Temperatures; Prairie Fire; Severe Storm; Land Subsidence
Vulnerability Assessment
This section provides a refined vulnerability assessment, specific for the City of Fort Lupton, for those
hazards that were identified as being rated HIGH in the preceding section. This analysis was conducted
separately from that of the county-wide vulnerability assessment to specifically focus on the population,
structures, infrastructure, and other assets unique to the City of Fort Lupton.
The results of the social vulnerability assessment are displayed on the map below. On the map, social
vulnerability is represented at the census tract level by 5 classes of vulnerability: Low (bottom 20% of the
county), Medium-Low, Medium, Medium-High, and High (top 20% of the county). The City of Fort Lupton’s
social vulnerability map shows social vulnerability within the community.
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The City of Fort Lupton is characterized by a mix of medium to high levels of social vulnerability. The
majority of the city is within the medium-high social vulnerability range and the north central portion of
the city falls within the top 20% of socially vulnerable places in Weld County. Evaluating the individual
social vulnerability indicators within the community over time will give local emergency managers,
planners, and stakeholders an even clearer picture of which social vulnerability factors have the largest
negative effect on the city and it resiliency.
Public Health Hazards
Public health hazards, including epidemics and pandemics, have the potential to cause serious illness and
death, especially among those who have compromised immune systems due to age or underlying medical
conditions. During the 2015 planning process, pandemic flu was identified as the key public health hazard
in the county.
Inventory Exposed
Due to the regional nature of public health hazards, jurisdictions with higher numbers of socially
vulnerable residents are expected to experience magnified impacts of public health hazards. This includes
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places with high numbers of elderly residents, young children, low income families, and homeless
individuals/outdoor laborers.
The table below shows data related to population vulnerability to public health hazards. Based on Census
information and knowledge of social vulnerability to hazards, jurisdictions with high numbers of elderly
residents, young children, and a high poverty rate can plan accordingly to provide appropriate services
and mitigation assistance during public health hazards outbreaks.
Populations Vulnerable to Public Health Hazards
Age: 65 and Over (%) Age: 5 and under (%) Persons Below Poverty
Level (%)
Colorado 10.9 6.8 12.9
City of Fort Lupton 8.4 8.9 16.6
The City of Fort Lupton has a lower percentage of elderly residents than does the state of Colorado. There
is a larger percentage of people under the age of 5 living in the city. There is also a larger percentage of
Fort Lupton residents living below poverty level than the general population of Colorado. Based on these
statistics, Fort Lupton residents (in general) appear to be vulnerable to the impacts of public health
hazards. That said, future mitigation efforts related to public health hazards should focus on reaching
those residents who are elderly, young children, live in poverty, or are homeless.
Potential Losses
Because there is no defined geographic boundary for public health hazards, all of the people and
infrastructure within the City of Fort Lupton are exposed to public health hazards. Those with elevated
risk and potential loss are the homeless, infirm, elderly, young and low income families. Given the lack of
historical data in the City of Fort Lupton resulting from public health hazards, and that placing a dollar
amount on the cost of a human life are beyond the scope of the Plan, annualized economic losses for the
City of Fort Lupton due to public health hazards are currently considered unquantifiable.
Drought
According to the best available data, no injuries, deaths, or crop damages have been recorded within the
City of Fort Lupton due to drought. However, there are four reports of drought in southern Weld County.
The four drought events all occurred in April of 2002 and March of 2011. There is a great potential for a
drought event to occur at any given time.
Due to the nature of drought, all jurisdictions within Weld County are expected to be impacted under
drought conditions. Agricultural communities are expected to bear the brunt of drought effects in the
county.
Inventory Exposed
Drought will have little to no direct impact on critical facilities or structures in the City of Fort Lupton.
Should a drought affect the water available for public water systems or individual wells, the availability of
clean drinking water could be compromised. This situation would require emergency actions and could
possibly overwhelm local capacities and financial resources.
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Potential losses
Although it is unlikely that drought conditions will affect existing buildings, infrastructure, and critical
infrastructure, economic livelihoods in the City of Fort Lupton could be negatively impacted due to crop
loss, water shortages, and wildfires as a result of drought. Possible losses/impacts to critical facilities
include the loss of critical function due to low water supplies.
As Fort Lupton continues to grow, it will consider water-saving mitigation activities that will decrease local
vulnerability to drought.
Capabilities Assessment
The capability assessment examines the ability of the City of Fort Lupton to implement and manage the
comprehensive mitigation strategy laid out in this Plan. The strengths, weaknesses, and resources of the
community are identified here as a means for evaluating and maintaining effective and appropriate
management of the city’s hazard mitigation program.
Local Personnel
The ability of a community to implement a comprehensive mitigation strategy depends, in part, on
available resources, including people and staff. The table below outlines the city’s capabilities as they
relate to key personnel.
Full Time Part Time None or Not-Identified
Emergency Manager X
Floodplain Administrator X
Community Planner X
GIS Specialist X
Grant Writer X
Land Use Planning and Codes
Local land use plans and building codes are tremendous tools for evaluating local policies related to hazard
mitigation and risk reduction. Additionally, comprehensive master plans, capital improvement plans,
stormwater plans and zoning ordinances all present opportunities for enhanced local capabilities. The
table below outlines the city’s current capabilities as they relate to land use planning and codes.
Yes (Y);
No (N);
I don’t know
(IDK)
A zoning ordinance Y
A hazard-specific ordinance Y
Local building codes Y
A comprehensive plan / master plan Y
A Capital Improvements Plan Y
A Stormwater Plan Y
A Continuity of Operations Plan (COOP) N
An Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) Y
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A Long-Term Recovery Plan Y
Participates in the NFIP Y
Building codes are one tool that communities use to enhance public safety. For example, they can increase
structural integrity, mitigate structure fires, and provide benefits in relation to natural hazard avoidance.
In Colorado, land use regulations and building codes are typically implemented at the local level. Even
without a statewide mandate, most counties and many municipalities have enacted regulations and
codes. The City of Fort Lupton has adopted a local building code requirement, demonstrating their
understanding of the benefits codes provide, including reduced exposure to hazards.
Plan Maintenance and Implementation
The City of Fort Lupton has developed a Plan Maintenance and Implementation Strategy outlining their
method and schedule for keeping the plan current. The Implementation Strategy below also includes a
discussion of how the city will continue public participation in the plan maintenance process.
Jurisdiction Plan Maintenance and Implementation Strategy
City of Fort Lupton
“We will review the plan on a regular basis and makes necessary
adjustments.”
“We have monthly public meetings and the plan can be reviewed and public
input received.”
Integrating Hazard Mitigation into Local Planning
Through discussions at planning meetings and the use of an online survey, individual outreach, and phone
calls, each participating jurisdiction brainstormed with the planning team to identify processes for
integrating hazard mitigation into their local planning mechanisms and policies. The City of Fort Lupton
did not integrate the 2009 HMP into other local planning mechanisms. The table below lists the specific
integration strategies identified by the City of Fort Lupton based on the mitigation actions listed in this
plan.
Jurisdiction Strategy
City of Fort Lupton
“We have identified hazards within the community and we are constantly
training and ensuring that we have the proper equipment to address these
hazards. We have a long range plan to address these ongoing needs.”
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Mitigation Action Guides
The following Mitigation Action Guide presents a status update on Fort Lupton’s mitigation action that
was included in the 2009 Plan.
City of Fort Lupton: Continued compliance with the NFIP
PRIORITY: Medium HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flooding
LOCATION: Fort Lupton GOALS ADDRESSED: 1, 2, 3, 4
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 2009 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: C, E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: Ongoing
ISSUE: As participants in the NFIP the Community will continue to promote wise use of floodplains
through ordinance administration and periodic update, promotion of flood insurance and staff
training, including encouragement of Certified Floodplain Manager status.
RECOMMENDATION: The benefits are to flood prone building owners who choose to insure against
flood losses, and to taxpayers who no longer would be faced with subsidizing those potential losses.
ACTION: Continued use of building zoning and inspection to mitigate probable loss in flood prone
areas.
LEAD AGENCY: Floodplain Management
officials
EXPECTED COST: Can be accomplished within existing
budgets
SUPPORT AGENCIES: POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES:
PROGRESS MILESTONES:
Fort Lupton has addressed floodplain regulations in their municipal code, Article VI. Fort Lupton enforces
floodplain regulations in accordance with FEMA’s requirements.
The following Mitigation Action Guides presents Fort Lupton’s new mitigation action that was developed
for the 2016 Plan.
City Fort Lupton: Prioritize and execute drainage improvements in the Storm Drainage Master Plan
PRIORITY: HIGH HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flood
LOCATION: Fort Lupton Drainage System GOALS ADDRESSED: 1, 2, 4
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 10/20/2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: C, E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 12/31/2020
ISSUE: Several areas of Fort Lupton are in need of drainage improvements.
RECOMMENDATION: Comprehensive planning for the enhancement of the waste water and storm
water system to accommodate larger flows. Implementation and continuous update of the Town of
Fort Lupton’s Storm Drainage Master Plan.
ACTION: Prioritize and execute drainage improvements in the Storm Drainage Master Plan, and
continually update the plan. Look for opportunities to incorporate flood risk reduction into policy and
through specific projects.
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LEAD AGENCY: Town of Fort Lupton,
Planning and Building Department
EXPECTED COST: Planning can be accomplished within
existing budgets. Specific projects will be funded
through the Storm Drainage fund.
SUPPORT AGENCIES: POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: A Storm Drainage
fund, established in 2007 and rates adjusted in 2015,
has helped to fund needed improvements, but needs
to grow before further projects can be completed.
PROGRESS MILESTONES:
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Letter of Intent to Participate
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Town of Frederick
“Frederick aspires to be a balanced community where residents can live, work, learn and play. The Town
should be safe, friendly, connected, walk-able, and inclusive for all residents, with ample places and
opportunities for people to interact and recreate.”
– Community Vision, Town of Frederick 2015 Comprehensive Plan
Frederick is a small town located along Colorado’s Front Range. It is situated between the towns of
Firestone and Dacono in southwestern Weld County. Collectively, the three towns are referred to as the
Tri-Town area. Frederick originated as a mining camp as was incorporated in 1907. The immigrants who
settled in the Tri-Town area and worked in the coalmines were from all over the world including Italy,
France, Greece, Turkey, the Slavic countries, and Mexico. The Town of Frederick 2015 Comprehensive
Plan states that, “As with all of the Tri-Towns, Frederick is a close-knit, hard-working community.”
According to the Frederick Comprehensive Plan, the Tri-Towns have a history of working together as
neighbors. For example, a formal effort to cooperate in planning the region has been initiated through
intergovernmental agreements and the mutually adopted Uniform Baseline Design Standards. “The
success of these regional efforts are dependent on a commitment to the ideals expressed in the Town of
Frederick Comprehensive Plan, 2006, as well as those identified by the communities of Firestone and
Dacono,” states the 2015 Frederick Comprehensive Plan.
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Implementation of the Town of Frederick’s community vision depends on a commitment by daily decision-
makers and stakeholders who shape growth, development, infrastructure, and design of the community.
The local hazard mitigation actions outlined in this plan will also contribute to building a “safe, friendly,
connected, walk-able, and inclusive for all residents, with ample places and opportunities for people to
interact and recreate.”
Community Profile
The table below summarizes key demographic and development related characteristics of the Town of
Frederick.
Town of Frederick Statistics
Town of Frederick Colorado
Population, 2014 10,927 5,355,866
Population, % change April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014 26.1% 6.5%
% Population under 5 years, 2010 9.5% 6.8%
% Population under 18 years, 2010 31.0% 24.4%
% Population 65 years and over, 2010 6.4% 10.7%
Language other than English spoken at home, % age 5+,
2009-2013 8.0% 16.8%
Homeownership Rate 87.5% 65.4%
Persons Per Household 3.01 2.53
Persons below poverty level, %, 2009-2013 7.5% 13.2%
Median Household Income, 2009- 2013 $81,015 $58,433
Source: US Census Bureau
Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment
NATURAL HAZARD PROBABILITY IMPACT SPATIAL
EXTENT
WARNING
TIME DURATION RF
RATING
Severe Storm 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.1 0.1 2.800
Straight-Line Winds &
Tornadoes 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.1 0.1 2.800
Flood 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.1 0.1 2.800
Prairie Fire 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.1 0.1 2.800
Drought 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.1 0.1 2.500
Public Health Hazards 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.1 0.1 1.800
HAZMAT 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.1 1.500
Extreme Temperatures 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.1 1.500
Earthquake 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 1.000
Land Subsidence 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 1.300
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HIGH RISK (2.5 or higher): Severe Storm; Straight-Line Winds & Tornadoes; Flood; Prairie Fire;
Drought
MODERATE RISK HAZARD (2.0 - 2.4):
Low Risk (1.9 or lower): Public Health Hazards; HAZMAT; Extreme Temperatures; Earthquake;
Land Subsidence
Vulnerability Assessment
This section provides a refined vulnerability assessment, specific for the Town of Frederick, for those
hazards that were identified as being rated HIGH in the preceding section. This analysis was conducted
separately from that of the county-wide vulnerability assessment to specifically focus on the population,
structures, infrastructure, and other assets unique to the Town of Frederick.
The results of the social vulnerability assessment are displayed on the map below. On the map, social
vulnerability is represented at the census tract level by 5 classes of vulnerability: Low (bottom 20% of the
county), Medium-Low, Medium, Medium-High, and High (top 20% of the county). The Town of Frederick’s
social vulnerability map shows social vulnerability within the community.
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The Town of Frederick contains areas that range from low social vulnerability to medium high levels. There
is a stark juxtaposition of very low vulnerability areas adjacent to medium-high levels. This has potential
to threaten the resiliency of the Town. It is important that the Town continue to evaluate the reasons for
these disparities so that they can more accurately manage and reduce social vulnerability to disasters over
time.
Severe Storm (Hail, Lightning, Winter Storm)
Hail
According to the best available data there are no reported injuries, deaths, property damage, or crop
damage in the Town of Frederick. There has been one hail event recorded within the town limits and
several hail events that occurred close to the town limits. Although there is no historic data showing
hazardous impacts on the town, there is a great potential for hail events to occur at any given time.
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Lightning
According to the best available data, no injuries, deaths, property damage, or crop damage have occurred
within the Town of Frederick due to Lightning. Although there is no historic data showing hazardous
impacts on the town, there is still great potential for Lightning to occur at any given time.
Winter Storm
According to NOAA’s Storm Events Database, the Town of Frederick has experienced 25 Winter Storms
since 1996. On December 28, 2006 there was report of a winter storm causing $102,000 in property
damage in central and southern Weld County. There were no deaths, injuries or damage to crops reported
for any of these storms. The Town of Frederick is at high risk of experiencing Winter Storms during the
winter months.
Inventory Exposed
All assets located in the Town of Frederick can be considered at risk from severe storms. This includes
10,927 people, or 100% of the town’s population, and all buildings and infrastructure within the town.
Damages primarily occur as a result of high winds, lightning strikes, hail, snow-loading, and flooding. Most
structures, including the town’s critical facilities, should be able to provide adequate protection from hail
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but the structures could suffer broken windows and dented exteriors. Those facilities with back-up
generators are better equipped to handle severe weather situation should the power go out.
Potential Losses
Severe storms affect the entire planning area of the Town of Frederick including all above-ground
structures and infrastructure. Although losses to structures are typically minimal and covered by
insurance, there can be impacts with lost time, maintenance costs, and contents within structures. A
timely forecast may not be able to mitigate the property loss, but could reduce the casualties and
associated injuries.
It appears possible to forecast these extreme events with some skill, but further research needs to be
done to test the existing hypothesis about the interaction between the convective storm and its
environment that produces the extensive swath of high winds. Severe storms will remain a highly likely
occurrence for the Town of Frederick. It is likely that lightning and hail will also be experienced in the area
due to such storms.
Straight-Line Winds & Tornadoes
According to the best available data, no injuries, deaths, property damage or crop damages have been
recorded within the Town of Frederick due to tornadoes. There is record of 1 tornado reported within the
town limits between on June 5, 1961. There have been tornadoes reported very close to both the of the
Town limits. Tornadoes will remain a highly likely occurrence for the Town of Frederick.
According to the best available data, no injuries, deaths, or crop damages have been recorded within the
Town of Frederick due to straight-line winds. On July 2, 1991 a strong wind event was reported to have
caused $3,000 in property damage. Straight-line winds remain a highly likely occurrence for the Town of
Frederick.
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Inventory Exposed
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All assets located in the Town of Frederick can be considered at risk from straight-line winds and
tornadoes. This includes 10,927 people, or 100% of the town’s population, and all buildings and structures
within the town. Most structures, including the town’s critical facilities, should be able to withstand and
provide adequate protection from severe wind and tornadoes. Those facilities with back-up generators
should be fully equipped to handle severe wind and tornado events should the power go out.
Potential Losses
Generally, straight-line wind events and tornadoes destroy private, commercial, and public property.
Additional costs stem from debris removal, maintenance, repair, and response. Indirect costs include loss
of industrial and commercial productivity as a result of damage to infrastructure, facilities, or interruption
of services. Because no specific, community-wide loss estimation exists for wind and tornado hazards,
potential losses are related to structure value. The building value of the structures in this area amounts
to roughly $732,613,942. Potential losses could be substantial.
Flood
According to the best available data there are no reported injuries, deaths, property damage, or crop
damage in the Town of Frederick caused by flooding. Although there is no historic data showing hazardous
impacts on the town, there is a great potential for flood events to occur at any given time.
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Inventory Exposed
The map below shows the flooding threat to critical facilities in the Town of Frederick by layering identified
special flood hazard areas (SFHA) with the locations of community-defined critical facilities. Critical
facilities are essential to the health and welfare of the whole population and are especially important both
during and after hazard events. Critical structures or areas that overlap or touch the SFHA are considered
“flood prone.”
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The critical facility and structure exposure analysis estimates that there is 1 critical facility and 14
structures in the Town of Frederick that are flood prone (not including the total miles of flood prone
infrastructure). The appraised value of the exposed critical facility is $8,177 and the exposed structures is
approximately $1,796,299 million dollars.
Potential losses
Hazus estimates for the Town of Frederick that for a 100-year flood event, approximately 14 buildings will
experience flood damage. The total economic loss estimated for the 100-year flood is $112,759. There is
one critical facilities located within the floodplain in the Town of Frederick. The total economic loss
estimated for the 100-year flood is $24,900.
The total building losses for the 100-year flood event are estimated to be $59,303. Building content losses
are estimated to be over $25,574. Inventory losses are estimated to be over $27,881.
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Prairie Fire
There are a number of areas in the central region of the town that are within the medium to highest level
on the WUI Risk Index Scale. This means that the potential impact on people and homes from a prairie
fire in those areas is medium to high in relationship to the rest of Weld County. This level of risk is derived
by combining housing density with predicted flame length.
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Inventory Exposed
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Fires can extensively impact the economy of an affected area, including the agricultural, recreation and
tourism industries, water resources, and the critical facilities upon which the Town of Frederick depends.
There are 152 identified structures located in areas with the highest wildfire threat total. The appraisal
value of the assets within these high threat areas is approximately $28,087,598. When considering assets
located in areas of moderate wildfire threat there are 384 structures identified. The appraised value of
these assets is approximately $70,177,649. There is 1 critical facility in the moderate wildfire threat areas
and none in the highest wildfire threat areas.
Potential Losses
Currently, there is no method for estimating wildfire loss. In most cases, the emergency management
community equates potential losses to assets exposed to wildfire as a method of quantifying and
comparing potential losses across communities. The exposure data provided in the previous section
(Inventory Assets Exposed) provides the clearest picture of potential losses to wildfire in the Town of
Frederick.
Drought
According to the best available data, no injuries, deaths, or crop damages have been recorded within the
Town of Frederick due to drought. There are four reports of drought in southern Weld County. The four
drought events all occurred in April of 2002 and March of 2011. There is a great potential for a drought
event to occur at any given time.
Inventory Exposed
Drought will have little to no direct impact on critical facilities or structures in the Town of Frederick.
Should a drought affect the water available for public water systems or individual wells, the availability of
clean drinking water could be compromised. This situation would require emergency actions and could
possibly overwhelm local capacities and financial resources.
Potential Losses
Although it is unlikely that drought conditions will affect existing buildings, infrastructure, and critical
infrastructure, economic livelihoods in the Town of Frederick could be negatively impacted due to crop
loss, water shortages, and wildfires as a result of drought. Possible losses/impacts to critical facilities
include the loss of critical function due to low water supplies.
As Frederick continues to grow, it will consider water-saving mitigation activities that will decrease local
vulnerability to drought.
Capabilities Assessment
The capability assessment examines the ability of the Town of Frederick to implement and manage the
comprehensive mitigation strategy laid out in this Plan. The strengths, weaknesses, and resources of the
community are identified here as a means for evaluating and maintaining effective and appropriate
management of the Town’s hazard mitigation program.
Local Personnel
The ability of a community to implement a comprehensive mitigation strategy depends, in part, on
available resources, including people and staff. The table below outlines the Town’s capabilities as they
relate to key personnel.
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Full Time Part Time None or Not-Identified
Emergency Manager X
Floodplain Administrator X
Community Planner X
GIS Specialist X
Grant Writer X
Land Use Planning and Codes
Local land use plans and building codes are tremendous tools for evaluating local policies related to hazard
mitigation and risk reduction. Additionally, comprehensive master plans, capital improvement plans,
stormwater plans and zoning ordinances all present opportunities for enhanced local capabilities. The
table below outlines the Town’s current capabilities as they relate to land use planning and codes.
Yes (Y);
No (N);
I don’t know
(IDK)
A zoning ordinance Y
A hazard-specific ordinance Y
Local building codes Y
A comprehensive plan / master plan Y
A Capital Improvements Plan Y
A Stormwater Plan Y
A Continuity of Operations Plan (COOP) Y
An Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) Y
A Long-Term Recovery Plan Y
Participates in the NFIP Y
Building codes are one tool that communities use to enhance public safety. For example, they can increase
structural integrity, mitigate structure fires, and provide benefits in relation to natural hazard avoidance.
In Colorado, land use regulations and building codes are typically implemented at the local level. Even
without a statewide mandate, most counties and many municipalities have enacted regulations and
codes. The Town of Frederick has adopted a local building code requirement, demonstrating their
understanding of the benefits codes provide, including reduced exposure to hazards.
The Town of Frederick has had previous experience receiving, administering, and applying for grants for
mitigation and planning-related activities or projects. These include:
Grants: CDBG, FEMA, and FHWA
Plan Maintenance and Implementation
The Town of Frederick has developed a Plan Maintenance and Implementation Strategy outlining their
method and schedule for keeping the plan current. The Implementation Strategy below also includes a
discussion of how the town will continue public participation in the plan maintenance process.
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Jurisdiction Plan Maintenance and Implementation Strategy
Town of Frederick
The plan is monitored by the Town’s leadership team in cooperation with partner
agencies, such as the fire district and the Weld County Office of Emergency
Management.
As part of the plan maintenance process, the Town of Frederick will continue to
engage the public in the process of identifying hazard risks and prioritizing
mitigation actions. To do so mitigation actions and priorities will be posted on
the town's website for public review and comment.
Integrating Hazard Mitigation into Local Planning
Through discussions at planning meetings and the use of an online survey, individual outreach, and phone
calls, each participating jurisdiction brainstormed with the planning team to identify processes for
integrating hazard mitigation into their local planning mechanisms and policies. The table below lists the
specific integration strategies identified by the Town of Frederick based on the mitigation actions listed in
this plan.
Jurisdiction Strategy
Town of Frederick
“Current Land Use Code includes environmental constraints related to hazard
mitigation. “
“The Town’s CIP includes priority mitigation projects related to Storm Water
Management.”
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Mitigation Action Guides
The following Mitigation Action Guides present status updates on Frederick’s mitigation actions that were
included in the 2009 Plan.
Town of Frederick: Continued compliance with the NFIP
PRIORITY: Medium HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flooding
LOCATION: Town of Frederick GOALS ADDRESSED: 1, 2, 3, 4
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 2009 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: C, E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: Ongoing
ISSUE: As participants in the NFIP the Community will continue to promote wise use of floodplains
through ordinance administration and periodic update, promotion of flood insurance and staff
training, including encouragement of Certified Floodplain Manager status.
RECOMMENDATION: The benefits are to flood prone building owners who choose to insure against
flood losses, and to taxpayers who no longer would be faced with subsidizing those potential losses.
LEAD AGENCY: Floodplain Management
officials
EXPECTED COST: Can be accomplished within existing
budgets
SUPPORT AGENCIES: Weld County OEM POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES:
PROGRESS MILESTONES:
Town of Frederick is not participating in the CRS program however we are a member of NFIP and the
Town adopted the model ordinance in Jan of 2014 as required by the State. The Town enforces the
floodplain regulations in accordance with FEMA’s requirements.
The following Mitigation Action Guides present each of Frederick’s new mitigation actions that were
developed for the 2016 Plan.
Town of Frederick: Box Culvert at Bella Rosa Parkway
PRIORITY: 1 HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flooding
LOCATION: Bella Rosa Parkway/No Name
Creek
GOALS ADDRESSED: 1, 2, 3, 4
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 09/19/2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 09/20/2020
ISSUE: Flood control and drainage improvements have been done subsequent to the 2013 flood.
More improvements are needed in order to withstand a 100-year flood.
RECOMMENDATION: Completion of the box culverts as designed but not yet funded.
ACTION: Engineering and construction of box culverts
LEAD AGENCY: Town of Frederick EXPECTED COST: $1.7 million
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SUPPORT AGENCIES: Weld County OEM POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: Town capital budget,
CDBG, FHWA
PROGRESS MILESTONES:
Town of Frederick: Snow Removal
PRIORITY: 4 HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Severe Winter Storms
LOCATION: Downtown Frederick GOALS ADDRESSED: 1, 2
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 09/19/2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 09/20/2018
ISSUE: The town lacks sufficient heavy equipment to move snow during a severe winter storm,
particularly in the Old Town area, to include 5th Street and Tipple Parkway.
RECOMMENDATION: Acquire a snow blower attachment for the front end loader, enabling it to load
trucks to clear heavy snow accumulations from the roads.
ACTION: Obtain the snow blower attachment
LEAD AGENCY: Town of Frederick EXPECTED COST: $75,000
SUPPORT AGENCIES: Weld County OEM POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: Town capital budget,
CDBG, FHWA
This section of Bella Rosa Parkway
was severely undercut by water
flooding over it during the event of
September 2013. This damage has
been repaired but the lack of
adequate box culverts to handle a
100-year flood will result in future
damage.
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PROGRESS MILESTONES:
Town of Frederick: Tipple Parkway Box Culvert
PRIORITY: 2 HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flooding
LOCATION: Godding Hollow Creek where it
crosses Tipple Parkway
GOALS ADDRESSED: 1, 2, 3, 4
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 09/19/2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 09/20/2020
ISSUE: Flood control and drainage improvements have been done subsequent to the 2013 flood.
More improvements are needed in order to withstand a 100-year flood.
RECOMMENDATION: Completion of the box culverts as designed but not yet funded.
ACTION: Engineering and construction of box culverts
LEAD AGENCY: Town of Frederick EXPECTED COST: $900,000
SUPPORT AGENCIES: Weld County OEM POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: Town capital budget,
CDBG, FHWA
PROGRESS MILESTONES:
Severe winter storms affect this
area approximately every eight to
ten years. Deep, heavy water-
laden snow is extremely difficult to
remove from important arterial
roads and streets, especially in the
Old Town area and other parts
with narrow streets. The successful
movement of snow from the
streets with the new blower will
show progress.
This section of Tipple Parkway was
severely damaged by water
flooding over it during the event of
September 2013. This damage has
been repaired but the lack of
adequate box culverts to handle a
100-year flood will result in future
damage.
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Town of Frederick: Tipple Parkway Paving to I-25 Frontage Road
PRIORITY: 3 HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flooding
LOCATION: Tipple Parkway west to I-25
frontage road
GOALS ADDRESSED: 1, 2, 3, 4
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 09/19/2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 09/20/2020
ISSUE: Flood control and drainage improvements have been done subsequent to the 2013 flood.
More improvements are needed in order to withstand a 100-year flood.
RECOMMENDATION: Completion of the paving of this road west of CR 11 to the east I-25 frontage
road
ACTION: Complete the paving of this road in conjunction with the installation of box culverts.
LEAD AGENCY: Town of Frederick EXPECTED COST: $340,000
SUPPORT AGENCIES: Weld County OEM POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: Town capital budget,
CDBG, FHWA
PROGRESS MILESTONES:
This section of Tipple Parkway was
severely damaged by water
flooding over it during the event of
September 2013. This damage has
been repaired but paving is
required in order for it to
withstand another flood.
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Letter of Intent to Participate
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Town of Garden City
Community Profile
The Town of Garden City is surrounded by the City of Evans to the South and the City of Greeley to the
west, north, and east. The history of Garden City began in the mid 1930’s when the City of Greeley voted
to prohibit the sale, manufacture for sale, transportation for sale, or possession for sale of liquor in the
city limits. Garden City was built on a tradition of thinking differently and the ideal of personal freedom
and was incorporated in 1938.
The table below summarizes key demographic and development related characteristics of the Town of
Garden City.
Town of Garden City Statistics
Town of Garden City Colorado
Population, 2014 264 5,355,866
Population, % change April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014 11.4% 6.5%
% Population under 5 years, 2010 5.6% 6.8%
% Population under 18 years, 2010 21.9% 24.4%
% Population 65 years and over, 2010 14.1% 10.7%
Language other than English spoken at home, % age 5+,
2009-2013 39.0% 16.8%
Homeownership Rate 15.4% 65.4%
Persons Per Household 2.45 2.53
Persons below poverty level, %, 2009-2013 35.3% 13.2%
Median Household Income, 2009- 2013 $25,179 $58,433
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Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment
NATURAL HAZARD PROBABILITY IMPACT SPATIAL
EXTENT
WARNING
TIME DURATION RF
RATING
Extreme Temperatures 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.3 1.700
Public Health Hazards 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.1 1.600
Severe Storm 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.1 1.600
Earthquake 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.1 1.300
Land Subsidence 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.1 1.300
Flood 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.1 1.300
Straight-Line Wind and
Tornadoes 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.1 1.300
Prairie Fire 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.1 1.300
HAZMAT 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.1 1.300
Drought 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.4 1.300
HIGH RISK (2.5 or higher): NONE
MODERATE RISK HAZARD (2.0 - 2.4): NONE
Low Risk (1.9 or lower): Extreme Temperatures; Public Health Hazards; Severe Storms;
Earthquake; Land Subsidence; Flood; Straight-Line Wind and Tornadoes; Prairie Fire; HAZMAT;
Drought
Vulnerability Assessment
This section provides a refined vulnerability assessment, specific for the Town Garden City. This analysis
was conducted separately from that of the county-wide vulnerability assessment to specifically focus on
the population, structures, infrastructure, and other assets unique to the Town Garden City.
The results of the social vulnerability assessment are displayed on the map below. On the map, social
vulnerability is represented at the census tract level by 5 classes of vulnerability: Low (bottom 20% of the
county), Medium-Low, Medium, Medium-High, and High (top 20% of the county). The Town of Garden
City’s social vulnerability map shows social vulnerability within the community.
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The Town of Garden City is characterized by a high level of social vulnerability. The City falls within the
top 20% of socially vulnerable places in Weld County. Evaluating the individual social vulnerability
indicators within the community over time will give local emergency managers, planners, and
stakeholders an even clearer picture of which social vulnerability factors have the largest negative effect
on the city and it resiliency.
Capabilities Assessment
The capability assessment examines the ability of the Town of Garden City to implement and manage the
comprehensive mitigation strategy laid out in this Plan. The strengths, weaknesses, and resources of the
community are identified here as a means for evaluating and maintaining effective and appropriate
management of the Town’s hazard mitigation program.
Local Personnel
The ability of a community to implement a comprehensive mitigation strategy depends, in part, on
available resources, including people and staff. The table below outlines the Town’s capabilities as they
relate to key personnel.
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Full Time Part Time None or Not-Identified
Emergency Manager X
Floodplain Administrator X
Community Planner X
GIS Specialist X
Grant Writer X
Land Use Planning and Codes
Local land use plans and building codes are tremendous tools for evaluating local policies related to hazard
mitigation and risk reduction. Additionally, comprehensive master plans, capital improvement plans,
stormwater plans and zoning ordinances all present opportunities for enhanced local capabilities. The
table below outlines the Town’s current capabilities as they relate to land use planning and codes.
Yes (Y);
No (N);
I don’t know
(IDK)
A zoning ordinance Y
A hazard-specific ordinance N
Local building codes Y
A comprehensive plan / master plan N
A Capital Improvements Plan N
A Stormwater Plan IDK
A Continuity of Operations Plan (COOP) N
An Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) Y
A Long-Term Recovery Plan N
Participates in the NFIP Y
Building codes are one tool that communities use to enhance public safety. For example, they can increase
structural integrity, mitigate structure fires, and provide benefits in relation to natural hazard avoidance.
In Colorado, land use regulations and building codes are typically implemented at the local level. Even
without a statewide mandate, most counties and many municipalities have enacted regulations and
codes. The Town of Garden City has adopted a local building code requirement, demonstrating their
understanding of the benefits codes provide, including reduced exposure to hazards.
Plan Maintenance and Implementation
The Town of Garden City has developed a Plan Maintenance and Implementation Strategy outlining their
method and schedule for keeping the plan current. The Implementation Strategy below also includes a
discussion of how the town will continue public participation in the plan maintenance process.
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Jurisdiction Plan Maintenance and Implementation Strategy
Town of Garden City
“The 2016 Hazard Mitigation Plan will be reviewed annually.”
“We will announce changes and updates to the plan via Town newsletter
and website.”
Integrating Hazard Mitigation into Local Planning
Through discussions at planning meetings and the use of an online survey, individual outreach, and phone
calls, each participating jurisdiction brainstormed with the planning team to identify processes for
integrating hazard mitigation into their local planning mechanisms and policies. The Town of Garden City
did not integrate the 2009 HMP into other local planning mechanisms. The table below lists the specific
integration strategies identified by the Town of Garden City based on the mitigation actions listed in this
plan.
Jurisdiction Strategy
Town of Garden City “We will update our zoning/land use if and when necessary.”
Mitigation Action Guides
The following Mitigation Action Guides present status updates on each of Garden City’s mitigation
actions that were included in the 2004 Plan.
Garden City Action Item #3: Communities with NSFHA or Never Mapped should consider joining
NFIP for the availability of insurance, especially if growing/annexing rapidly.
PRIORITY: HIGH HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flooding
LOCATION: Garden City GOALS ADDRESSED: 1, 4
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 10/21/2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: C, E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: Ongoing Page 493-494
ISSUE: Garden City has never been mapped for flood hazards. As such, they chose not to join the
NFIP. Currently, because they do not participate in the NFIP, flood insurance is unavailable to building
owners. However, as communities grow and annex land from the County, they may be acquiring land
that is flood prone or subject to drainage problems. A community can join the NFIP by adopting an
ordinance and agreeing to regulate development in flood prone areas, as indicated on a FEMA-
provided map. Where there is no map, no enforcement is necessary ---- but ---- having adopted the
ordinance will allow building owners to purchase flood insurance if they so choose.
RECOMMENDATION: Communities should contact the CWCB and ask to join the NFIP
ACTION: : Communities with NSFHA or Never Mapped should consider joining NFIP for the availability
of insurance, especially if growing/annexing rapidly. In cases where there is a known watercourse
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
within the existing or expanding community boundaries, the community should request CWCB and/or
FEMA to develop a floodplain map that can be used for regulatory and insurance purposes.
LEAD AGENCY: Communities EXPECTED COST: Staff time only for initial inventory
and discussion of protection methods, and cost-
benefit analysis.
SUPPORT AGENCIES: CWCB, FEMA POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: There is no cost for
the initial inventory and decision-making. Protective
measures should be taken where cost-effective.
PROGRESS MILESTONES: Garden City has never been mapped for flood hazards. As such, we chose
not to join the NFIP. Garden City is addressing this action in a new action for 2016. Garden City will
re-evaluate this issue every two years beginning 2016. If determined to do so, adopt an Ordinance,
apply for membership to NFIP.
The following Mitigation Action Guides present each of Garden City’s new mitigation actions that were
developed for the 2016 Plan.
Town of Garden City #1 High Risk Individuals Tracking Data Base
PRIORITY: High HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Drought, Extreme
Temperatures, Flood, Severe Storm, Wind & Tornado,
Fire, Public Health, Hazmat
LOCATION: Town as a whole GOALS ADDRESSED: 1,2
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 11/01/2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: e
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 03/31/2015
ISSUE: Garden City has a high number of at risk individuals living in substandard environments. A
sharable data base detailing members of the household, special needs, language barriers and family
member contact information is vital for first responders and town staff in an emergency situation.
RECOMMENDATION: Create and maintain a data base in a digital and sharable format.
ACTION: Creation of the data base with regular review and updates. Create a reporting mechanism for
landlords and property managers with a higher turnover of tenants.
LEAD AGENCY: Town Administration EXPECTED COST: Staff time.
SUPPORT AGENCIES: Envision, Community
Advantage
POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: Garden City General
Fund
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PROGRESS MILESTONES: Complete data base by
deadline. Review and update data base quarterly.
Town OF Garden City #2 – IBC Compliance
PRIORITY: High HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Extreme Temperatures, Severe
Storm, Wind & Tornado, Fire, Public Health
LOCATION: Town as a whole GOALS ADDRESSED: 1,2
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 10/15/2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: c,e
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: Ongoing
ISSUE: Garden City has a high inventory of older structures built before the implementation of
building and land use codes. The Town has adopted the International Building, Plumbing, Electrical
and Property Management Codes of 2012. These codes and a contracted building official will allow
the Town to address safety issues in businesses and homes, mandating compliance when able to do
so. The goal is to obtain structurally sound buildings that withstand the above hazards.
RECOMMENDATION: Regular review of codes, update and adoption of revisions when necessary. In
depth review and inspection regarding building permits and code enforcement issues to determine
when compliance can be obtained at any level. Maintain same.
ACTION: Staff and contractor review of all code related issues. Determine relative codes in
noncompliance. Educate home and building owners regarding codes. Force compliance when
necessary.
LEAD AGENCY: Town Administration EXPECTED COST: Staff, time, Protective Inspections
Contract dollars.
SUPPORT AGENCIES: Colorado Inspection
Connection, HUD
POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: Garden City General
Fund
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PROGRESS MILESTONES: Ongoing revitalization of
deteriorated buildings and structure.
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Letter of Intent to Participate
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Town of Gilcrest
The Town of Gilcrest is located in central Weld County along the Highway 85. Gilcrest was originally the
Town of Nantes. A new community began on the bones of Nantes and was renamed Gilcrest. Gilcrest was
incorporated in 1912. Between 1913 and 1975 Greeley’s Great Western Sugar Factory operated a sugar
beet dump at the Gilcrest railroad station. Gilcrest was also a center for the potatoes that were harvested
in the area and stored in town. In recent years oil and gas exploration and production in Weld County has
impacted Gilcrest. With the oil and gas industry and other industries moving into Weld County, the Town
of Gilcrest is thriving and continues to be a progressive community.
Community Profile
The following are the overall planning-related goals that the Town of Gilcrest laid out in their
Comprehensive Plan:
Creation of a healthy balance of housing, employment, availability of goods and services,
recreation, educational and cultural opportunities as the town grows.
Capitalizing on the tremendous growth of Oil and Gas Industry and Renewable Energy sectors.
Maintaining Gilcrest’s community character and collectively working to improve upon the overall
image of the Town
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The table below summarizes key demographic and development related characteristics of the Town of
Gilcrest.
Town of Gilcrest City Statistics
Town of Gilcrest Colorado
Population, 2014 1,080 5,355,866
Population, % change April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014 4.3% 6.5%
% Population under 5 years, 2010 6.0% 6.8%
% Population under 18 years, 2010 33.1% 24.4%
% Population 65 years and over, 2010 14.1% 10.7%
Language other than English spoken at home, % age 5+,
2009-2013 39.0% 16.8%
Homeownership Rate 73.8% 65.4%
Persons Per Household 3.19 2.53
Persons below poverty level, %, 2009-2013 27.8% 13.2%
Median Household Income, 2009- 2013 $50,069 $58,433
Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment
NATURAL HAZARD PROBABILITY IMPACT SPATIAL
EXTENT
WARNING
TIME DURATION RF
RATING
Drought 0.9 0.3 0.8 0.1 0.4 2.500
Extreme Temperatures 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.1 0.3 2.400
HAZMAT 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.1 2.400
Severe Storm 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.2 0.1 2.300
Flood 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.1 2.200
Public Health Hazards 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.1 2.100
Straight-Line Winds and
Tornadoes 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.1 1.600
Prairie Fire 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.1 1.600
Earthquake 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.1 1.300
Land Subsidence 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.1 1.300
HIGH RISK (2.5 or higher): Drought
MODERATE RISK HAZARD (2.0 - 2.4): Severe Storm; Flood; Public Health Hazards; HAZMAT;
Extreme Temperatures
Low Risk (1.9 or lower): Earthquake; Land Subsidence; Prairie Fire; Straight-Line Winds and
Tornadoes
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Vulnerability Assessment
This section provides a refined vulnerability assessment, specific for the Town of Gilcrest. This analysis
was conducted separately from that of the county-wide vulnerability assessment to specifically focus on
the population, structures, infrastructure, and other assets unique to the Town of Gilcrest.
The results of the social vulnerability assessment are displayed on the map below. On the map, social
vulnerability is represented at the census tract level by 5 classes of vulnerability: Low (bottom 20% of the
county), Medium-Low, Medium, Medium-High, and High (top 20% of the county). The Town of Gilcrest’s
social vulnerability map shows social vulnerability within the community.
The Town of Gilcrest is characterized by a medium-high level of social vulnerability. Evaluating and
monitoring the individual social vulnerability indicators within the community over time will give local
emergency managers, planners, and stakeholders an even clearer picture of which social vulnerability
factors have the largest negative effect on the town and it resiliency.
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Drought
According to the best available data, no injuries, deaths, or crop damages have been recorded within the
Town of Gilcrest due to drought. There are 2 reports of drought in southern Weld County in April of 2002
and March of 2011. There is a great potential for a drought event to occur at any given time.
Inventory Exposed
Drought will have little to no direct impact on critical facilities or structures in the Town of Gilcrest. Should
a drought affect the water available for public water systems or individual wells, the availability of clean
drinking water could be compromised. This situation would require emergency actions and could possibly
overwhelm local capacities and financial resources.
Potential Losses
Although it is unlikely that drought conditions will affect existing buildings, infrastructure, and critical
infrastructure, economic livelihoods in the Town of Gilcrest could be negatively impacted due to crop loss,
water shortages, and wildfires as a result of drought. Possible losses/impacts to critical facilities include
the loss of critical function due to low water supplies.
As Gilcrest continues to grow, it will consider water-saving mitigation activities that will decrease local
vulnerability to drought.
Capabilities Assessment
The capability assessment examines the ability of the Town of Gilcrest to implement and manage the
comprehensive mitigation strategy laid out in this Plan. The strengths, weaknesses, and resources of the
community are identified here as a means for evaluating and maintaining effective and appropriate
management of the Town’s hazard mitigation program.
Local Personnel
The ability of a community to implement a comprehensive mitigation strategy depends, in part, on
available resources, including people and staff. The table below outlines the Town’s capabilities as they
relate to key personnel.
Full Time Part Time None or Not-Identified
Emergency Manager X
Floodplain Administrator X
Community Planner X
GIS Specialist X
Grant Writer X
In Gilcrest, Community Planning services are provided by a contract consultant.
Land Use Planning and Codes
Local land use plans and building codes are tremendous tools for evaluating local policies related to hazard
mitigation and risk reduction. Additionally, comprehensive master plans, capital improvement plans,
stormwater plans and zoning ordinances all present opportunities for enhanced local capabilities. The
table below outlines the Town’s current capabilities as they relate to land use planning and codes.
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Yes (Y);
No (N);
I don’t know
(IDK)
A zoning ordinance Y
A hazard-specific ordinance N
Local building codes Y
A comprehensive plan / master plan Y
A Capital Improvements Plan Y
A Stormwater Plan IDK
A Continuity of Operations Plan (COOP) IDK
An Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) IDK
A Long-Term Recovery Plan N
Participates in the NFIP N
Building codes are one tool that communities use to enhance public safety. For example, they can increase
structural integrity, mitigate structure fires, and provide benefits in relation to natural hazard avoidance.
In Colorado, land use regulations and building codes are typically implemented at the local level. Even
without a statewide mandate, most counties and many municipalities have enacted regulations and
codes. The Town of Gilcrest has adopted a local building code requirement, demonstrating their
understanding of the benefits codes provide, including reduced exposure to hazards.
Plan Maintenance and Implementation
The Town of Gilcrest has developed a Plan Maintenance and Implementation Strategy outlining their
method and schedule for keeping the plan current. The Implementation Strategy below also includes a
discussion of how the town will continue public participation in the plan maintenance process.
Jurisdiction Plan Maintenance and Implementation Strategy
Town of Gilcrest
Our mitigation actions will be reviewed by the town administrator and a report
given to town council annually.
Changes to the plan will be discussed at public meeting specifically for the
purpose. Meetings will be noticed on the town's website and at regular posting
locations.
Integrating Hazard Mitigation into Local Planning
Through discussions at planning meetings and the use of an online survey, individual outreach, and phone
calls, each participating jurisdiction brainstormed with the planning team to identify processes for
integrating hazard mitigation into their local planning mechanisms and policies. The Town of Gilcrest did
not integrate the 2009 HMP into other local planning mechanisms. The table below lists the specific
integration strategies identified by the Town of Gilcrest based on the mitigation actions listed in this plan.
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Jurisdiction Strategy
Town of Gilcrest “We will include mitigation actions in our capital improvement plan as well as
identifying actions needed in undeveloped areas in our comprehensive plan.”
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Mitigation Action Guides
The following Mitigation Action Guides present status updates on each of Gilcrest’s mitigation actions that
were included in previous hazard mitigation plans.
Gilcrest: Communities with NSFHA or Never Mapped should consider joining NFIP for the
availability of insurance, especially if growing/annexing rapidly.
PRIORITY: HIGH HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flooding
LOCATION: Gilcrest GOALS ADDRESSED: 1, 2, 4
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 2004 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: C, E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: Complete
ISSUE: Gilcrest has never been mapped for flood hazards. As such, they chose not to join the NFIP.
Currently, because they do not participate in the NFIP, flood insurance is unavailable to building
owners. However, as communities grow and annex land from the County, they may be acquiring land
that is flood prone or subject to drainage problems. A community can join the NFIP by adopting an
ordinance and agreeing to regulate development in flood prone areas, as indicated on a FEMA-
provided map. Where there is no map, no enforcement is necessary ---- but ---- having adopted the
ordinance will allow building owners to purchase flood insurance if they so choose.
RECOMMENDATION: Communities should contact the CWCB and ask to join the NFIP
ACTION: Communities with NSFHA or Never Mapped should consider joining NFIP for the availability
of insurance, especially if growing/annexing rapidly. In cases where there is a known watercourse
within the existing or expanding community boundaries, the community should request CWCB and/or
FEMA to develop a floodplain map that can be used for regulatory and insurance purposes.
LEAD AGENCY: Communities EXPECTED COST: Staff time only for initial inventory
and discussion of protection methods, and cost-
benefit analysis.
SUPPORT AGENCIES: CWCB, FEMA POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: There is no cost for
the initial inventory and decision-making. Protective
measures should be taken where cost-effective.
PROGRESS MILESTONES: No action from 2004 to 2009
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The following Mitigation Action Guides present Gilcrest’s new mitigation action that was developed for
the 2016 Plan.
Gilcrest: Continued compliance with the NFIP
PRIORITY: Medium HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flooding
LOCATION: Gilcrest GOALS ADDRESSED: 1, 2, 4
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 10/2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: C, E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: Ongoing
ISSUE: As participants in the NFIP the Community will continue to promote wise use of floodplains
through ordinance administration and periodic update, promotion of flood insurance and staff
training, including encouragement of Certified Floodplain Manager status.
RECOMMENDATION: The benefits are to flood prone building owners who choose to insure against
flood losses, and to taxpayers who no longer would be faced with subsidizing those potential losses.
ACTION: Continued compliance with the NFIP
LEAD AGENCY: Floodplain Management
officials
EXPECTED COST: Can be accomplished within existing
budgets
SUPPORT AGENCIES: POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES:
PROGRESS MILESTONES: An ordinance is being introduced on first reading on October 20, 2015 which
amends the Town of Gilcrest Zoning Code to adopt a new section addressing flood damage
prevention. It is expected that this ordinance will be approved on second reading on November 3rd
with an effective date of January 20, 2016.
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Letter of Intent to Participate
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City of Greeley
“Greeley promotes a healthy, diverse economy and high quality of life responsive to all its residents and
neighborhoods, thoughtfully managing its human and natural resources in a manner that creates and
sustains a safe, unique, vibrant and rewarding community in which to live, work and play.”
– City of Greeley 2060 Comprehensive Plan
According to the City of Greeley’s Department of Economic Development “Greeley is the business center
for Weld County.” The second largest community in northern Colorado, Greeley serves as a major retail
trade center for agricultural communities in northeastern Colorado, southeastern Wyoming, and
southwestern Nebraska.
The City of Greeley is characterized by expansive prairie to the east and the towering Rocky Mountains to
the west. Greeley is located in a semi-arid climate. The summers are hot and the winters are mild.
Precipitation occurs mostly in the form of rain or snow from October to April: snowfalls are often light
and usually melt within a few days.
Greeley’s Core Values & Guiding Principles are outlined in their comprehensive plan, City of Greeley 2060,
and serve as a guide for future development and policy decisions within the City’s boundaries. They are
as follows:
Excellence in actions, attitude, leadership and focus
Progressive and Appealing Industrial Development
A Safe, Prepared, Secure and Harmonious community environment
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Sustainable Community Development through healthy behaviors, sensitive environmental
stewardship, varied and compact community design and a complete, effective & forward-
thinking transportation system
A Community Rich in Diversity of People, Customs, and Ideas
Every Neighborhood Thrives reflecting the spirit of community
Center of a comprehensive Premier Educational System
‘Better Together’ leadership mode of intergovernmental & public/private cooperation to
achieve exceptional community benefits
A Regional Leader and Northern Colorado destination
These core values and guiding principles are interwoven throughout the City’s Comprehensive Plan and
form the basis for daily decision making, project/policy prioritization, and implementation strategies.
Community Profile
The table below summarizes key demographic and development related characteristics of the City of
Greeley.
City of Greeley Statistics
City of Greeley Colorado
Population, 2014 98,596 5,355,866
Population, % change April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014 6.2% 6.5%
% Population under 5 years, 2010 7.8% 6.8%
% Population under 18 years, 2010 25.8% 24.4%
% Population 65 years and over, 2010 10.7% 10.7%
Language other than English spoken at home, % age 5+,
2009-2013 24.1% 16.8%
Homeownership Rate 55.6% 65.4%
Persons Per Household 2.68 2.53
Persons below poverty level, %, 2009-2013 22.9% 13.2%
Median Household Income, 2009- 2013 $46,272 $58,433
Source: US Census Bureau
Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment
NATURAL HAZARD PROBABILITY IMPACT SPATIAL
EXTENT
WARNING
TIME DURATION RF
RATING
HAZMAT 0.6 1.2 0.8 0.4 0.4 3.400
Extreme Temperatures 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.1 0.4 2.800
Drought 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.1 0.4 2.800
Public Health Hazards 0.6 0.9 0.6 0.2 0.4 2.700
Severe Storm 0.9 0.9 0.4 0.2 0.2 2.600
Flood 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.1 0.4 2.400
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Prairie Fire 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.3 2.300
Straight-Line Winds &
Tornadoes 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.1 2.100
Earthquake 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.1 1.800
Land Subsidence 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 1.300
HIGH RISK (2.5 or higher): HAZMAT; Extreme Temperatures; Drought; Public Health Hazards;
Severe Storm
MODERATE RISK HAZARD (2.0 - 2.4): Flood; Prairie Fire; Straight-Line Winds & Tornadoes
Low Risk (1.5-1.9): Earthquake; Land Subsidence
Vulnerability Assessment
This section provides a refined vulnerability assessment, specific for the City of Greeley, for those hazards
that were identified as being rated HIGH in the preceding section. This analysis was conducted separately
from that of the county-wide vulnerability assessment to specifically focus on the population, structures,
infrastructure, and other assets unique to the City of Greeley.
The results of the social vulnerability assessment are displayed on the map below. On the map, social
vulnerability is represented at the census tract level by 5 classes of vulnerability: Low (bottom 20% of the
county), Medium-Low, Medium, Medium-High, and High (top 20% of the county). The City of Greeley’s
social vulnerability map shows social vulnerability within the community.
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The City of Greeley consists of areas that range from low social vulnerability (the bottom 20% of the
County) and high social vulnerability (the top 20% of the county. The highly socially vulnerable areas are
clustered in the eastern part of the community. Resources and measures to reduce the social
determinates of disasters may be most effectively allocated to the east of the City. Moreover, it is critical
that the city analyze the individual social vulnerability indicators that make the eastern part of the
community stand out. Through ongoing evaluation, the City of Greeley will be able to more effectively
reduce local social vulnerability and increase their resilience to hazard events.
HAZMAT
Based on data supplied by the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration’s (PHMSA) Incident
Reports Database there have been 45 reported HAZMAT incidents within the City of Greeley between
1972 and 2015.
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Inventory Exposed
Two designated nuclear and hazardous materials transportation routes run adjacent the City of Greeley
(US 34 and US 85). All structures, natural resources, and people located within one mile of these
transportation routes (and railways) are exposed to the impacts of a potential HAZMAT event. Structures,
people, and natural resources located outside of a one mile buffer of these routes are also at risk of
exposure.
Assets and people that are located within one mile of an industrial or commercial fixed site are also at risk
of exposure to the impacts of a HAZMAT release.
Potential Losses
HAZMAT related events occur throughout Weld County every year. The intensity and magnitude of these
incidents depend on weather conditions, the location of the event, the time of day, and the process by
which the materials are released. Was it raining when the event happened? Were the hazardous materials
being transported by rail when they were released or were they at a fixed facility? Did the spill happen
during rush hour traffic or in the middle of the night? All of these considerations matter when determining
the risk and potential damages associated with a HAZMAT incident.
HAZMAT events have the potential to threaten lives and disrupt business activity. Moreover, HAZMAT
incidents can cause serious environmental contamination to air, ground, and water sources.
Extreme Temperatures
According to the best available data, no injuries, deaths, or crop damages have been recorded within the
City of Greeley due to extreme temperatures. There are two reports of extreme cold temperatures in
northwestern and central Weld County on December 16th and 17th, 1996, and February 1, 2011. There
is a great potential for extreme temperature events to occur within the region at any given time.
Inventory Exposed
Due to the regional nature of extreme temperatures hazards, jurisdictions with higher numbers of socially
vulnerable residents are expected to experience magnified impacts of extreme temperatures. This
includes places with high numbers of elderly residents, low income families and homeless
individuals/outdoor laborers.
The table below shows data related to population vulnerability to extreme temperatures. Based on Census
information and knowledge of social vulnerability to hazards, jurisdictions with high numbers of elderly
residents, a high poverty rate and/or large numbers of rental properties can plan accordingly to provide
appropriate services and mitigation assistance during extreme temperature events.
Populations Vulnerable to Extreme Temperatures
Age: 65 and Over (%) Persons Below Poverty
Level (%)
Renter-occupied housing
units (%)
Colorado 10.9 12.9 34.5
City of Greeley 10.7 22.9 44.4
The City of Greeley has a slightly lower percentage of elderly residents than does the state of Colorado.
The percentage of people living below poverty level in the city much larger than the state of Colorado. In
addition a lower percentage of Greeley residents own their homes compared to the general population
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of Colorado. Based on these statistics, Greeley residents (in general) appear to be more vulnerable to the
impacts of extreme temperatures. That said, future mitigation efforts related to extreme temperature
should focus on reaching those residents who are elderly, live in poverty or are homeless, or are renters.
Potential Losses
Because there is no defined geographic boundary for extreme temperature hazards, all of the people and
infrastructure within the City of Greeley are exposed to extreme temperatures. Those with elevated risk
and potential loss are the homeless, infirm, elderly, and low income families. Given the lack of historical
data and limited likelihood of structural losses in the City of Greeley resulting from extreme heat or cold,
and that placing a dollar amount on the cost of a human life are beyond the scope of the Plan, annualized
economic losses for the City of Greeley due to extreme temperatures are currently considered
unquantifiable.
Drought
According to the best available data, no injuries, deaths, or crop damages have been recorded within the
City of Greeley due to drought. There are four reports of drought in southern Weld County. The four
drought events all occurred in April of 2002 and March of 2011. There is a potential for a drought event
to occur at any given time.
Inventory Exposed
Drought will have little to no direct impact on critical facilities or structures in the City of Greeley. Should
a drought affect the water available for public water systems or individual wells, the availability of clean
drinking water could be compromised. This situation would require emergency actions and could possibly
overwhelm local capacities and financial resources.
Potential Losses
Although it is unlikely that drought conditions will affect existing buildings, infrastructure, and critical
infrastructure, economic livelihoods in the City of Greeley could be negatively impacted due to crop loss,
water shortages, and wildfires as a result of drought. Possible losses/impacts to critical facilities include
the loss of critical function due to low water supplies.
As Greeley continues to grow, it will consider water-saving mitigation activities that will decrease local
vulnerability to drought.
Public Health Hazards
Public health hazards, including epidemics and pandemics, have the potential to cause serious illness and
death, especially among those who have compromised immune systems due to age or underlying medical
conditions. During the 2015 planning process, pandemic flu was identified as the key public health hazard
in the county.
Inventory Exposed
Due to the regional nature of public health hazards, jurisdictions with higher numbers of socially
vulnerable residents are expected to experience magnified impacts of public health hazards. This includes
places with high numbers of elderly residents, young children, low income families, and homeless
individuals/outdoor laborers.
The table below shows data related to population vulnerability to public health hazards. Based on Census
information and knowledge of social vulnerability to hazards, jurisdictions with high numbers of elderly
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residents, young children, and a high poverty rate can plan accordingly to provide appropriate services
and mitigation assistance during public health hazards outbreaks.
Populations Vulnerable to Public Health Hazards
Age: 65 and Over (%) Age: 5 and under (%) Persons Below Poverty
Level (%)
Colorado 10.9 6.8 12.9
City of Greeley 10.7 7.8 22.9
The City of Greeley has a slightly lower percentage of elderly residents than the state of Colorado. A
slightly larger percentage of Greeley residents are under the age of 5 than the general population of
Colorado. There is a much greater percentage of people living below poverty level than the state. Based
on these statistics, Greeley residents (in general) appear to be more vulnerable to the impacts of public
health hazards. That said, future mitigation efforts related to public health hazards should focus on
reaching those residents who are elderly, young children, live in poverty, or are homeless.
Potential Losses
Because there is no defined geographic boundary for public health hazards, all of the people and
infrastructure within the City of Greeley are exposed to public health hazards. Those with elevated risk
and potential loss are the homeless, infirm, elderly, young and low income families. Given the lack of
historical data in the City of Greeley resulting from public health hazards, and that placing a dollar amount
on the cost of a human life are beyond the scope of the Plan, annualized economic losses for the City of
Greeley due to public health hazards are currently considered unquantifiable.
Severe Storm (Hail, Lightning, Winter Storm)
Hail
According to the best available data there are no reported injuries, deaths, or crop damage in the City of
Greeley. There have been 74 hail events reported within the city limits and several hail events that
occurred close to the city limits. There has been $9,000 in property damage reported as a result of these
hail incidents. Based on the historic data showing hazardous impacts on the city, there is a great potential
for hail events to occur at any given time.
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Lightning
According to the best available data no deaths have occurred within the City of Greeley due to Lightning.
There have been 8 recorded lightning incidents between 1996 and 2009 within the city limits, causing
$143,000 in property damage and $6,000 in crop damage. On June 18, 2009 a lightning incident caused
injury to one person. Based on the historic data showing hazardous impacts on the city, there is a great
potential for Lightning to occur at any given time.
Winter Storm
According to NOAA’s Storm Events Database, the City of Greeley has experienced 25 Winter Storms since
1996. On December 28, 2006 there was report of a winter storm causing $102,000 in property damage
in central and southern Weld County. There were no deaths, injuries, or damage to crops reported for any
of these storms. The City of Greeley is at high risk of experiencing Winter Storms during the winter months.
Inventory Exposed
All assets located in the City of Greeley can be considered at risk from severe storms. This includes 98,596
people, or 100% of the town’s population, and all buildings and infrastructure within the city. Damages
primarily occur as a result of high winds, lightning strikes, hail, snow-loading, and flooding. Most
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structures, including the city’s critical facilities, should be able to provide adequate protection from hail
but the structures could suffer broken windows and dented exteriors. Those facilities with back-up
generators are better equipped to handle severe weather situation should the power go out.
Potential Losses
Severe storms affect the entire planning area of the City of Greeley including all above-ground structures
and infrastructure. Although losses to structures are typically minimal and covered by insurance, there
can be impacts with lost time, maintenance costs, and contents within structures. A timely forecast may
not be able to mitigate the property loss, but could reduce the casualties and associated injuries.
It appears possible to forecast these extreme events with some skill, but further research needs to be
done to test the existing hypothesis about the interaction between the convective storm and its
environment that produces the extensive swath of high winds. Severe storms will remain a highly likely
occurrence for the City of Greeley. It is likely that lightning and hail will also be experienced in the area
due to such storms.
Capabilities Assessment
The capability assessment examines the ability of the City of Greeley to implement and manage the
comprehensive mitigation strategy laid out in this Plan. The strengths, weaknesses, and resources of the
community are identified here as a means for evaluating and maintaining effective and appropriate
management of the City’s hazard mitigation program.
Local Personnel
The ability of a community to implement a comprehensive mitigation strategy depends, in part, on
available resources, including people and staff. The table below outlines the City’s capabilities as they
relate to key personnel.
Full Time Part Time None or Not-Identified
Emergency Manager X
Floodplain Administrator X
Community Planner X
GIS Specialist X
Grant Writer X
Land Use Planning and Codes
Local land use plans and building codes are tremendous tools for evaluating local policies related to hazard
mitigation and risk reduction. Additionally, comprehensive master plans, capital improvement plans,
stormwater plans and zoning ordinances all present opportunities for enhanced local capabilities. The
table below outlines the City of Greeley’s current capabilities as they relate to land use planning and codes
Yes (Y);
No (N);
I don’t know
(IDK)
A zoning ordinance Y
A hazard-specific ordinance IDK
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Local building codes Y
A comprehensive plan / master plan Y
A Capital Improvements Plan Y
A Stormwater Plan IDK
A Continuity of Operations Plan (COOP) Y
An Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) Y
A Long-Term Recovery Plan Y
Participates in the NFIP Y
Building codes are one tool that communities use to enhance public safety. For example, they can increase
structural integrity, mitigate structure fires, and provide benefits in relation to natural hazard avoidance.
In Colorado, land use regulations and building codes are typically implemented at the local level. Even
without a statewide mandate, most counties and many municipalities have enacted regulations and
codes. The City of Greeley has adopted a local building code requirement, demonstrating their
understanding of the benefits codes provide, including reduced exposure to hazards.
The City of Greeley has had previous experience receiving, administering, and applying for grants for
mitigation and planning-related activities or projects. These include:
Grants: HMGP, EMPG, DR-4145, CDBG
Plan Maintenance and Implementation
The City of Greeley has developed a Plan Maintenance and Implementation Strategy outlining their
method and schedule for keeping the plan current. The Implementation Strategy below also includes a
discussion of how the city will continue public participation in the plan maintenance process.
Jurisdiction Plan Maintenance and Implementation Strategy
City of Greeley
Each mitigation action item has a staff member assigned responsibility. Each
staff member will follow regular departmental procedures in completing
mitigation action items that are currently funded. The City's Emergency Manager
will monitor progress of the action items on an annual basis as well as seek out
funding opportunities for mitigation actions items that are not currently funded.
As part of the plan maintenance process, the City of Greeley will continue to
engage the public in the process of identifying hazard risks and prioritizing
mitigation actions. To do so typically any mitigation action items will have to be
approved by the planning commission and/or city council; these review meetings
will provide adequate opportunity for public comment and participation.
Integrating Hazard Mitigation into Local Planning
Through discussions at planning meetings and the use of an online survey, individual outreach, and phone
calls, each participating jurisdiction brainstormed with the planning team to identify processes for
integrating hazard mitigation into their local planning mechanisms and policies. The City of Greeley did
not integrate the 2009 HMP into other local planning mechanisms. The table below lists the specific
integration strategies identified by the City of Greeley based on the mitigation actions listed in this plan.
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Jurisdiction Strategy
City of Greeley
“The city will consider updating its zoning ordinance to address our high risk
hazards. The city will consider integrating its hazard mitigation actions into its
Capital Improvement Plan and emphasize projects that mitigate our highest risk
hazards.”
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Mitigation Action Guides
The following Mitigation Action Guides present status updates on each of the community’s mitigation
actions included in the 2009 Plan.
City of Greeley: Commercial Weather Notification System
PRIORITY: Medium HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Severe Storm
LOCATION: City of Greeley GOALS ADDRESSED: 1, 2, 3
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 2008 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: A, B, E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 2010-2011
ISSUE: No Commercial Weather Notification System
RECOMMENDATION: DTN provides definitive situational awareness through an internet platform for
weather tracking, forecasting, and notification. Selected facilities and users would have access to this
system. NWS alert radios throughout the community
ACTION: Commercial Weather Notification System
LEAD AGENCY: Weld/Greeley OEM EXPECTED COST: $10-20,000
SUPPORT AGENCIES: POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: Yearly budget
PROGRESS MILESTONES: Radios were purchased and distributed throughout the city. Program not
funded from year to year; this was a one-time action.
City of Greeley: Cache la Poudre Floodplain Mapping
PRIORITY: Medium HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flooding
LOCATION: City of Greeley GOALS ADDRESSED: 1, 2, 4
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 2009 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: C
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 2010
ISSUE: The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is currently studying the Cache La Poudre River in Weld
County and through the City of Greeley. The study updates the hydrology, hydraulics, floodplain, and
floodway boundaries. New FIRMs (Flood Insurance Rate Maps) will be created using this updated
information.
RECOMMENDATION: More accurate flood information for the Cache La Poudre River will allow for
better administration of flood fringe development.
ACTION: Cache la Poudre Floodplain Mapping
LEAD AGENCY: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers EXPECTED COST: $5,000
SUPPORT AGENCIES: FEMA POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: In-House
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PROGRESS MILESTONES: General investigation study has been completed. Flood damage reduction
efforts are not being pursued. Environmental restoration work is proceeding.
The 2006 US Army Corps floodplain has been adopted by FEMA through the Weld County Digital
Flood Insurance Rate Map (DFIRM) project. FEMA will make this flood map effective in January of
2016. The City of Greeley intends to adopt the Weld County DFIRM as our regulatory flood map.
City of Greeley: City-Initiated Floodway Rezone
PRIORITY: Medium HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flooding
LOCATION: City of Greeley GOALS ADDRESSED: 1, 2
RECOMMENDATION DATE: OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: C, E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 2010-2011 – Following adoption
of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers updated flood study
ISSUE: Following adoption of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers updated flood study, the City of
Greeley will initiate a floodway rezone of all properties impacted by the revised floodway boundary.
Properties within the revised floodway will be rezoned Conservation District (C-D) to restrict
development within this area and preserve natural open space.
RECOMMENDATION: Restricted development within the regulated floodway and preservation of
natural open space
ACTION: City-Initiated Floodway Rezone
LEAD AGENCY: City of Greeley Community
Development Department
EXPECTED COST: Under development
SUPPORT AGENCIES: POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: Under development,
likely largely in house
PROGRESS MILESTONES: This has been identified by the city as a future zoning map change. This
mitigation action item will be continued as a mitigation action item for the 2016 plan update.
City of Greeley: Bestway Regional Detention Facility
PRIORITY: High HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flooding
LOCATION: City of Greeley GOALS ADDRESSED: 1
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 2008 - 2009 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 2010 – 2011
ISSUE: Any storm greater than a 25 year event currently can cause flooding in the area. 830 homes
and 1 fire station are currently at risk of flooding which this project will protect. The project includes
stormdrain inlets and piping to collect stormwater and divert it into a 100 year detention storage
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facility. Outlet structures and piping would then control the outflow to avoid flooding of downstream
properties. Or Much, much larger storm pipes to the river
RECOMMENDATION:
ACTION: Flood mitigation by retaining the 100 year storm event and releasing the flow slowly to the
Poudre River.
LEAD AGENCY: City of Greeley, Public Works,
Stormwater Management Division 970-336-
4031
EXPECTED COST: $2,200,000
SUPPORT AGENCIES: FEMA POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: FEMA Grant &
Stormwater Utility Fund
PROGRESS MILESTONES: Project complete.
City of Greeley: Install Citywide Emergency Sirens
PRIORITY: Low HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Tornado
LOCATION: City of Greeley GOALS ADDRESSED: 1, 2, 3
RECOMMENDATION DATE: OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: A, E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: Ongoing
pending further funding availability and
future city governments.
ISSUE: This project was investigated in 2008 as a result of the Windsor Tornado and alternative
notification technologies were sought at that time. However, if future Greeley City Councils desire to
refocus on this program, the City of Greeley would seek state and federal funding to assist in the
project implementation.
RECOMMENDATION: While the probability of a severe tornado hazard occurrence impacting Greeley
is low, the potential impacts are very high, therefore it is important that the City have an adequate
warning system in place. The avoided losses would include population casualties, though the
property mitigation from this action would be minimal. For these reasons, the current City Council is
utilizing their limited resources for a more all-hazards approach to overall disaster mitigation and
preparedness.
ACTION: Citywide Emergency Sirens; Action Item 1, telephone notification system, national weather
service alert weather radios for public use, emergency alert system (EAS) usage
LEAD AGENCY: City Office of Emergency
Management
EXPECTED COST: $600,000
SUPPORT AGENCIES: POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: State and Federal
PROGRESS MILESTONES: Project was not funded; deemed impractical for a City the size of Greeley.
Focusing efforts on educating public about existing notification platforms such as CodeRed, and NWS
weather radios.
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The following Mitigation Action Guides each of the community’s new mitigation actions that were
developed for the 2016 Plan.
City of Greeley: City-Initiated Floodway Rezone
PRIORITY: Medium HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flooding
LOCATION: City of Greeley GOALS ADDRESSED: 2
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: C
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 2021 –
Following adoption of the U.S. Army Corps
of Engineers updated flood study
ISSUE: Following adoption of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers updated flood study, the City of
Greeley will initiate a floodway rezone of all properties impacted by the revised floodway boundary.
Properties within the revised floodway will be rezoned Conservation District (C-D) to restrict
development within this area and preserve natural open space.
RECOMMENDATION: Restricted development within the regulated floodway and preservation of
natural open space
ACTION: City-Initiated Floodway Rezone
LEAD AGENCY: City of Greeley Community
Development Department
EXPECTED COST: Under development
SUPPORT AGENCIES: POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: Under development,
likely largely in house
PROGRESS MILESTONES: This has been identified by the city as a future zoning map change. This
mitigation action item will be continued as a mitigation action item for the 2016 plan update.
City of Greeley: Mitigate Risk to Severe Repetitive Loss Property
PRIORITY: Medium HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flooding
LOCATION: 760 71st Ave, Greeley, CO 80631. Property not
within city limits
GOALS ADDRESSED: 1
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 2021
ISSUE: This residence has severe repetitive loss history due to flooding on the Cache la Poudre River.
The city of Greeley provides resources (man power, sand bags) to this property during flooding events
as it is directly abuts city limits and city crews are typically mitigating road closures next to this
property. The city attempted to purchase/acquire this property through the HMGP process in 2014
but was unsuccessful due to valuation discrepancies.
RECOMMENDATION: Reduce or eliminate severe repetitive flood losses on this property.
ACTION: Continue to work with property owner on flood mitigation efforts and consider acquisition if
conditions allow and are favorable to all parties.
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LEAD AGENCY: City of Greeley Community
Development Department
EXPECTED COST: $400,000
SUPPORT AGENCIES: City of Greeley Office
of Emergency Management
POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: CDBG, HMGP
PROGRESS MILESTONES: Program not funded; no current timeline established
City of Greeley: Cache la Poudre , West Greeley, Colorado Project (Corps of Engineers)
PRIORITY: High HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flooding
LOCATION: Poudre River Corridor between
83rd Avenue and 47th Avenue
GOALS ADDRESSED: 1
RECOMMENDATION DATE: Begin first
phase construction 2016
OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 2025
ISSUE: As a nationally significant ecosystem, portions of the Cache la Poudre River that flow through
Greeley and areas adjacent to Greeley, years of channelization of the river and neglect and invasion of
non-native weeds and vegetation have significantly reduced habitat loss. Restoration of wetland and
riparian habitats can provide critical floodplain and river corridor connections, habitat for state-listed
threatened and endangered species, and international bird habitat. The COE has identified a total of
nine (9) parcels to rehabilitate, of which five (5) are identified as a first phase for improvements. Out
of these 5 parcels, 1 or 2 may be addressed in the first year of a multi-year project. Although the
Project doesn’t specifically address flood control, a desired outcome is addressing the river channel
itself and preserving/planning for the inevitable future flooding of the corridor and water flows.
RECOMMENDATION: This Project is under review for City Council consideration to approve a Project
Partner Agreement.
ACTION: Environmental restoration and controlled recreational access
LEAD AGENCY: DOD/Corps of Engineers EXPECTED COST:
Total cost =
$14,379,000 (Phase I) + $12,967,000 (Phase II)
SUPPORT AGENCIES: COG POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: Great Outdoors
Colorado (Colorado Lottery), City of Greeley
Water/Sewer Dept., US Department of Defense/Corps
of Engineers, Conservation Trust Fund
PROGRESS MILESTONES: Design – 2015/2016, Construction in phases starting in 2016
City of Greeley: Poudre River Cleaning
PRIORITY: Low HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flooding
LOCATION: City of Greeley GOALS ADDRESSED: 1
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RECOMMENDATION DATE: 2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 2021
ISSUE: The Cache la Poudre River is known from several studies including a 1999 Army Corps of
Engineers study, to have sediment building up in it and therefore over time has been silting in and
losing capacity. A program to clean the river of its sandbars, sediment and remove some vegetation is
necessary to help convey flood flows through the City of Greeley. This will help especially mountain
snow melt events that happen annually and fill the main channel most years and tend to cause minor
to moderate flooding in many areas.
RECOMMENDATION: To develop a program to annually evaluate maintaining the Poudre River by
removing any sand bars and any unwanted vegetation that are restricting main channel flows. The
program likely would take several years to work through the City limits, and then would cycle back to
the beginning and evaluate the corridor continuously as needed. Bridges also need to be evaluated,
but need to be done annually to ensure they are clear.
ACTION: Clean sediment and vegetation from the Cache la Poudre main channel to restore main
channel flow capacity.
LEAD AGENCY: City of Greeley Public Works
Department, 970-350-9795
EXPECTED COST: $1,500,000
SUPPORT AGENCIES: Army Corps of
Engineers
POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: FEMA grant and
Stormwater Utility
PROGRESS MILESTONES:
Removal of all sandbars, restrictions and unwanted vegetation.
City of Greeley: Highway 85 Bridge Replacement
PRIORITY: High HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flooding
LOCATION: City of Greeley GOALS ADDRESSED: 1
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 2021
ISSUE: The Cache la Poudre River floodplain model shows that the river overtops the Highway 85
bridge near the Greeley Water Pollution Control Facility. Past flooding events of less than 100 year
events have also demonstrated that this bridge is easily overtopped at less than a 25 year storm
event. When this bridge is overtopped all other roads except 59th Avenue that run north and south
are underwater. With Highway 85 flooded greatly impedes the ability for people, commerce, and
emergency vehicles to navigate the city and reach citizens on the northern area of the city. River
flood events typically last for many weeks so impacts to the community can be very impactful and
devastating.
RECOMMENDATION: Replace the Highway 85 Bypass bridge over the Cache la Poudre River.
ACTION: Replace the bridge with a higher capacity bride including some channel improvements to
improve capacity of the river at this location.
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LEAD AGENCY: Colorado Department of
Transportation & the City of Greeley Public
Works Department, 970-350-9795
EXPECTED COST: $8,000,000
SUPPORT AGENCIES: Colorado Department
of Transportation, Army Corps of Engineers,
FEMA
POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: FEMA grant, CDOT
FASTER Funds
PROGRESS MILESTONES: Completion of bridge replacement and channel improvements.
City of Greeley: River Bypass Channel
PRIORITY: Medium HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flooding
LOCATION: City of Greeley GOALS ADDRESSED: 1
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 2021
ISSUE: The Cache la Poudre River floodplain model shows that the river splits around the Greeley
Water Pollution Control Facility. This isolates and floods some of the property limiting access to the
plant. Additionally many businesses along east 8th Street east of Highway 85 are flooded.
RECOMMENDATION: Channel improvements and/or a by-pass channel are needed to guide water
safely around the Water Pollution Control Facility and many businesses along 8th Street east of
Highway 85. This would safely control flows and route them back to the river on the eastern side of
Greeley.
ACTION: Purchase property and build a by-pass channel to route flows from the Poudre River west of
Highway 85 and route them north of East 8th Street and then back into the river in eastern Greeley.
LEAD AGENCY: City of Greeley Public Works
Department, 970-350-9795
EXPECTED COST: $6,000,000
SUPPORT AGENCIES:, Army Corps of
Engineers, FEMA
POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: FEMA grant, Federal
Block Grant Funds, Stormwater Utility
PROGRESS MILESTONES: Completion of by-pass channel improvements.
City of Greeley: Poudre River Flood Mitigation Master Planning Project – Ash Ave to 21st Ave
PRIORITY: High HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flooding
LOCATION: City of Greeley GOALS ADDRESSED: 1
RECOMMENDATION DATE: OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: Fall 2016
ISSUE:
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Over the past 150-years the Poudre River has been significantly modified by human activity,
particularly along the reach from Fern Avenue to 47th Avenue. These modifications include
channelization, encroachment, soil berms along the river banks, gravel mining, floodplain
disconnection, and river relocation. As a result of these modifications, the city experiences significant
flooding from small to medium sized hydrologic events, on the order of 15-30 year recurrence
frequency. Most notably the floods of 1983, 1999, and 2014 have caused significant property damage
to the city.
The city’s largest exposure to riverine flooding is along the reach from Ash Avenue to 11th Avenue, or
approximately 2.3 miles. In the spring of 2014, a large spring runoff event overtopped the 6th Avenue
river berm and inundated approximately 46-acres of commercial-industrial area.
Development restrictions associated with the FEMA Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA) encumber a
significant amount of developed property between 11th Avenue and Ash Avenue. This includes
residential neighborhoods, commercial businesses, and industrial businesses. It is estimated that
every road along the river in this area would be flooded in a 100-year event, including the US Highway
85 Bypass. Further, there is a large flow split at the US-85 Bypass that proceeds to the east along E.
8th Street (also known as SH-263) and does not have a defined return flow-path to the river.
The Effective FEMA river model was completed in 1979. This model and map will be superseded by
the Weld County Digital Flood Insurance Rate Map (DFIRM) which is anticipated to become Effective
in January 2016. The DFIRM has incorporated flood map changes resulting from the 2003/2006 U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) flood study which was performed using the USACE HEC-2 model.
The City also worked with the USACE on a General Investigation (GI) Study along the Poudre River
through Greeley; this study occurred from 2005 – 2014. However the City did not proceed with the
flood mitigation proposal presented to the City by the USACE.
Further, the Colorado Water Conservation Board (CWCB) is currently funding a re-study of the Poudre
River from the confluence with South Platte River upstream through Fort Collins. This study is being
performed under FEMA’s RiskMap program and will incorporate the CWCB ½-foot floodway rule. The
results of the RiskMap study will likely change the Flood Insurance Study (FIS) findings for the Poudre
River and the RiskMap flood model may become the FEMA Effective model for the Poudre River. It is
anticipated that in the future there will be a regulatory Floodway along portions of E. 8th Street.
RECOMMENDATION:
This project is intended to produce a comprehensive Poudre River flood mitigation master plan
document for the following river reaches:
Greeley Urban Reach: Specifically from the Ogilvy Ditch head structure (1,400-feet
downstream from Ash Avenue) and proceeding upstream to 21st Avenue; approximately
17,600-feet along the Poudre River.
East 8th Street Flow Split: Specifically from the flow split off the main channel at US Highway
85 then proceeding east (downstream) along 8th Street until the flow split returns to the
main river channel, approximately 7,000 – 8,000-feet along E. 8th Street.
This project should produce a Master Plan along the Poudre River to guide river maintenance, reduce
flood losses, and potentially remove properties from the FEMA 100-yr floodplain. The Master Plan
document will be used by the City to guide a river channel maintenance program, identify and
prioritize flood mitigation projects, provide scientific basis for granting opportunities (Federal, State,
and Other) to fund capital projects, and facilitate the refinement of the effective FEMA river model
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along the study reach. This plan shall be feasible, implementable, and provide a foundation for
pursuing grant funding opportunities.
ACTION: City-Initiated Flood Mitigation Master Planning Project
LEAD AGENCY: City of Greeley Public Works
Department
EXPECTED COST: $200,000 (+)
SUPPORT AGENCIES: POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: City of Greeley
PROGRESS MILESTONES:
Background Investigation and Baseline Hydrology and Hydraulics – 10/14/2015 - 12/23/2015
River Assessment and Maintenance Plan - 10/14/2015 – 1/7/2016
Alternatives Analysis – 1/25/2016 – 5/3/2016
Conceptual Design – 6/17/2016 – 8/23/2016
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Letter of Intent to Participate
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Town of Hudson
Hudson is located in south-central Weld County approximately 30 miles northeast of downtown Denver.
Located adjacent to Interstate 76, Hudson is surrounded by farms and other agricultural and energy-
related industries. Additionally, the town is a "bedroom community" for persons employed in the Denver
and Brighton areas. The approximately 2,569 residents value the small town atmosphere and rural setting,
and have indicated in their comprehensive plan a desire to maintain those qualities as Hudson grows.
Community Profile
The table below summarizes key demographic and development related characteristics of the Town of
Hudson.
Town of Hudson Statistics
Town of Hudson Colorado
Population, 2014 2,569 5,355,866
Population, % change April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014 9% 6.5%
% Population under 5 years, 2010 4.9% 6.8%
% Population under 18 years, 2010 21.1% 24.4%
% Population 65 years and over, 2010 2.9% 10.7%
Language other than English spoken at home, % age 5+,
2009-2013 26.3% 16.8%
Homeownership Rate 63% 65.4%
Persons Per Household 2.91 2.53
Persons below poverty level, %, 2009-2013 12.8% 13.2%
Median Household Income, 2009- 2013 $54,167 $58,433
Source: US Census Bureau
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Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment
NATURAL HAZARD PROBABILITY IMPACT SPATIAL
EXTENT
WARNING
TIME DURATION RF
RATING
HAZMAT 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.4 0.3 3.000
Severe Storm 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.1 0.3 2.700
Straight-Line Winds and
Tornadoes 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.1 0.3 2.700
Prairie Fire 0.9 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 2.300
Extreme Temperatures 0.6 0.3 0.8 0.1 0.3 2.100
Public Health Hazards 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.3 2.100
Earthquake 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.3 1.500
Land Subsidence 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.3 1.500
Flood 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.3 1.500
Drought 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.4 1.300
HIGH RISK (2.5 or higher): HAZMAT; Severe Storm; Stright-Line Winds and Tornadoes
MODERATE RISK HAZARD (2.0 - 2.4): Prairie Fire; Extreme Temperatures; Public Health Hazards
Low Risk (1.9 or lower): Earthquake; Land Subsidence; Flood; Drought
Vulnerability Assessment
This section provides a refined vulnerability assessment, specific for the Town of Hudson, for those
hazards that were identified as being rated HIGH in the preceding section. This analysis was conducted
separately from that of the county-wide vulnerability assessment to specifically focus on the population,
structures, infrastructure, and other assets unique to the Town of Hudson.
The results of the social vulnerability assessment are displayed on the map below. On the map, social
vulnerability is represented at the census tract level by 5 classes of vulnerability: Low (bottom 20% of the
county), Medium-Low, Medium, Medium-High, and High (top 20% of the county). The Town of Hudson’s
social vulnerability map shows social vulnerability within the community.
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
The Town of Hudson consists of areas that range from medium social vulnerability and medium-high social
vulnerability. The medium-high socially vulnerable areas are in the north western part of the community.
Resources and measures to reduce the social determinates of disasters may be most effectively allocated
to the northwest area of the Town. Moreover, it is critical that the town analyze the individual social
vulnerability indicators that make the northwestern part of the community stand out. Through ongoing
evaluation, the Town of Hudson will be able to more effectively reduce local social vulnerability and
increase their resilience to hazard events.
HAZMAT
Based on data supplied by the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration’s (PHMSA) Incident
Reports Database there have been no reported HAZMAT incidents within the Town of Hudson between
1972 and 2015.
Inventory Exposed
Interstate 76 runs through the Town of Hudson and is a designated nuclear and hazardous materials
transportation route. All structures, natural resources, and people located within one mile of these
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transportation routes (and railways) are exposed to the impacts of a potential HAZMAT event. Structures,
people, and natural resources located outside of a one mile buffer of these routes are also at risk of
exposure.
Assets and people that are located within one mile of an industrial or commercial fixed site are also at risk
of exposure to the impacts of a HAZMAT release.
Potential Losses
HAZMAT related events occur throughout Weld County every year. The intensity and magnitude of these
incidents depend on weather conditions, the location of the event, the time of day, and the process by
which the materials are released. Was it raining when the event happened? Were the hazardous materials
being transported by rail when they were released or were they at a fixed facility? Did the spill happen
during rush hour traffic or in the middle of the night? All of these considerations matter when determining
the risk and potential damages associated with a HAZMAT incident.
HAZMAT events have the potential to threaten lives and disrupt business activity. Moreover, HAZMAT
incidents can cause serious environmental contamination to air, ground, and water sources.
Severe Storm (Hail, Lightning, Winter Storm)
Hail
According to the best available data there are no reported injuries, deaths, property, or crop damage in
the Town of Hudson. There have been 7 hail event reported within the town limits and several hail events
that occurred close to the town limits. Based on the historic data showing hazardous impacts on the town,
there is a great potential for hail events to occur at any given time.
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Lightning
According to the best available data, no injuries, deaths, or crop damage have occurred within the Town
of Hudson due to Lightning. There have been 2 recorded lightning incidents between 1999 and 2000
within the town limits, causing $100,000 in property damage. Based on the historic data showing
hazardous impacts on the town, there is a great potential for Lightning to occur at any given time.
Winter Storm
According to the best available data there are no reported injuries, deaths, property damage, or crop
damage in the Town of Hudson from winter storm events. There have been four winter storm events
reported within the town limits and several winter storm events that occurred less than one mile from
the town limits. Based on historic data showing hazardous impacts on the town, there is a great potential
for winter storm events to occur at any given time.
Inventory Exposed
All assets located in the Town of Hudson can be considered at risk from severe storms. This includes 2,569
people, or 100% of the town’s population, and all buildings and infrastructure within the town. Damages
primarily occur as a result of high winds, lightning strikes, hail, snow-loading, and flooding. Most
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structures, including the town’s critical facilities, should be able to provide adequate protection from hail
but the structures could suffer broken windows and dented exteriors. Those facilities with back-up
generators are better equipped to handle severe weather situation should the power go out.
Potential Losses
Severe storms affect the entire planning area of the Town of Hudson including all above-ground structures
and infrastructure. Although losses to structures are typically minimal and covered by insurance, there
can be impacts with lost time, maintenance costs, and contents within structures. A timely forecast may
not be able to mitigate the property loss, but could reduce the casualties and associated injuries.
It appears possible to forecast these extreme events with some skill, but further research needs to be
done to test the existing hypothesis about the interaction between the convective storm and its
environment that produces the extensive swath of high winds. Severe storms will remain a highly likely
occurrence for the Town of Hudson. It is likely that lightning and hail will also be experienced in the area
due to such storms.
Straight-Line Winds and Tornadoes
According to the best available data, no injuries, deaths, or crop damages have been recorded within the
Town of Hudson due to tornadoes. There have been 2 tornadoes reported within the town limits and
multiple tornadoes very close to the borders of the town limits. On June 8, 1958 a tornado was reported
within the town limits that caused $3,000 in property damage. Tornadoes will remain a highly likely
occurrence for the Town of Hudson.
According to the best available data, no injuries, deaths, or damages have been recorded within the Town
of Hudson due to straight-line winds. There have been 2 high wind events recorded within the town limits.
Straight-line winds remain a highly likely occurrence for Hudson.
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Inventory Exposed
All assets located in the Town of Hudson can be considered at risk from straight-line winds and tornadoes.
This includes 2,569 people, or 100% of the town’s population, and all buildings and structures within the
County. Most structures, including the town’s critical facilities, should be able to withstand and provide
adequate protection from severe wind and tornadoes. Those facilities with back-up generators should be
fully equipped to handle severe wind and tornado events should the power go out.
Potential Losses
Generally, straight-line wind events and tornadoes destroy private, commercial, and public property.
Additional costs stem from debris removal, maintenance, repair, and response. Indirect costs include loss
of industrial and commercial productivity as a result of damage to infrastructure, facilities, or interruption
of services. Because no specific, community-wide loss estimation exists for wind and tornado hazards,
potential losses are related to structure value. The building value of the structures in this area amounts
to roughly $105,540,448. Potential losses could be substantial.
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Capabilities Assessment
The capability assessment examines the ability of the Town of Hudson to implement and manage the
comprehensive mitigation strategy laid out in this Plan. The strengths, weaknesses, and resources of the
community are identified here as a means for evaluating and maintaining effective and appropriate
management of the town’s hazard mitigation program.
Local Personnel
The ability of a community to implement a comprehensive mitigation strategy depends, in part, on
available resources, including people and staff. The table below outlines the City’s capabilities as they
relate to key personnel.
Full Time Part Time None or Not-Identified
Emergency Manager X
Floodplain Administrator X
Community Planner X
GIS Specialist X
Grant Writer X
*EM and the FPA duties are the responsibility of the Town Administrator
Land Use Planning and Codes
Local land use plans and building codes are tremendous tools for evaluating local policies related to hazard
mitigation and risk reduction. Additionally, comprehensive master plans, capital improvement plans,
stormwater plans and zoning ordinances all present opportunities for enhanced local capabilities. The
table below outlines the City of Greeley’s current capabilities as they relate to land use planning and codes
Yes (Y);
No (N);
I don’t know
(IDK)
A zoning ordinance Y
A hazard-specific ordinance Y
Local building codes Y
A comprehensive plan / master plan Y
A Capital Improvements Plan Y
A Stormwater Plan IDK
A Continuity of Operations Plan (COOP) N
An Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) Y
A Long-Term Recovery Plan N
Participates in the NFIP Y
Hudson is in the process of updating their Comprehensive Land Use Plan, their All-Hazards Emergency
Operations Plan, and their Crisis Action Guide. The town’s new Fire Chief, Ken Gabrielson (Hudson Fire
Protection District), and new Public Safety Director, Brent Flot (eventual Town Marshal), will be
participating in the EOP / CAG / Hazard Mitigation Plan Update projects, along with the town’s utility
partners.
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Building codes are one tool that communities use to enhance public safety. For example, they can increase
structural integrity, mitigate structure fires, and provide benefits in relation to natural hazard avoidance.
In Colorado, land use regulations and building codes are typically implemented at the local level. Even
without a statewide mandate, most counties and many municipalities have enacted regulations and
codes. The Town of Hudson has adopted a local building code requirement, demonstrating their
understanding of the benefits codes provide, including reduced exposure to hazards.
Plan Maintenance and Implementation
Hudson has developed a Plan Maintenance and Implementation Strategy outlining their method and
schedule for keeping the plan current. The Implementation Strategy below also includes a discussion of
how Hudson will continue public participation in the plan maintenance process.
Jurisdiction Plan Maintenance and Implementation Strategy
Town of Hudson
Town staff, along with participation from our town's emergency first responders
and overall stakeholders group (when applicable), will monitor, evaluate, and
update our Emergency Operations Plan, Crisis Action Guide and Hazard
Mitigation Plan on an on-going basis. Our mitigation actions will be reviewed by
our Board of Trustees and Town Administration on an annual basis.
Alterations to our Emergency Operations Plan, Crisis Action Guide and Hazard
Mitigation Plan will be posted on the town's website and in the town's newsletter
(when appropriate) to keep the public aware of how they can participate.
Substantive alterations will be made available to our larger stakeholder group.
Integrating Hazard Mitigation into Local Planning
Through discussions at planning meetings and the use of an online survey, individual outreach, and phone
calls, each participating jurisdiction brainstormed with the planning team to identify processes for
integrating hazard mitigation into their local planning mechanisms and policies. The Town of Hudson did
not integrate the 2009 HMP into other local planning mechanisms. The table below lists the specific
integration strategies identified by Hudson based on the mitigation actions listed in this plan.
Jurisdiction Strategy
Town of Hudson
“The Town of Hudson is currently updating its Comprehensive Plan, Emergency
Operations Plan and Crisis Action Guide. We will include the necessary
information from the Hazard Mitigation Plan Update into those documents,
where applicable. Any hazard mitigation issues identified as an increased risk
item will be addressed accordingly. Hazard mitigation actions requiring increased
attention will be integrated into our on-going Capital Improvements Plan and be
given the appropriate priority status. Capital Improvement Plan projects are
identified and listed in our annual budget for citizen review and Board of Trustees
approval. As this is an on-going process, any hazard mitigation issues identified
requiring increased prioritization will trigger notification being sent to the
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appropriate departments, agencies and individuals having authority over the
identified issue so that the appropriate action can be taken.”
Mitigation Action Guides
The following Mitigation Action Guide presents a status updates on Hudson’s mitigation actions that were
included in the 2009 Plan.
Town of Hudson: Continued Compliance with the NFIP
PRIORITY: Medium HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flooding
LOCATION: Town of Hudson GOALS ADDRESSED: 1
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 2009 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: Ongoing
ISSUE: As participants in the NFIP, Hudson will continue to promote wise use of floodplains through
ordinance administration and periodic update, promotion of flood insurance and staff training,
including encouragement of Certified Floodplain Manager status.
RECOMMENDATION: The benefits are to flood prone building owners who choose to insure against
flood losses, and to taxpayers who no longs would be faced with subsidizing those potential losses
ACTION: Continued Compliance with the NFIP
LEAD AGENCY: local Floodplain
Management officials
EXPECTED COST: can be accomplished with existing
Town budget
SUPPORT AGENCIES: POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES:
PROGRESS MILESTONES: Passed Town of Hudson Ordinance 14-01, an ordinance repealing Section 16-
49 and repealing and reenacting Section 16-146 of the Hudson Municipal Code Floodplain
Regulations; passed on second and final reading on February 19, 2014, and ordered published once
full.
Recent correspondence with FEMA prompting additional reviews and action are underway.
The following Mitigation Action Guides profile each of Hudson’s new mitigation actions that were
developed for the 2016 Plan.
Town of Hudson, Colorado – Update All Hazards Emergency Operations Plan / Crisis Action Guide
(to include a new section for Hazard Mitigation Planning)
PRIORITY: High HAZARDS ADDRESSED: All hazards (man-made and
natural)
LOCATION: Hudson GOALS ADDRESSED: 1,2,3,4
RECOMMENDATION DATE: Immediately OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: A,B,C,D,E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: Ongoing
ISSUE: Comprehensive review and updating of the town’s All Hazards Emergency Operations Plan
(EOP) and Crisis Action Guide (CAG); a new section will be added to include the Hazard Mitigation Plan
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(HMP); upon finalization, the EOP / CAG / HMP will be integrated into the town’s updated
Comprehensive Plan Appendices (completion expected in 2016).
RECOMMENDATION: Monthly meetings will be initiated during the review & project prioritization
phase; meetings will be held every other month during the updating phase; quarterly meetings will be
held during the implementation & education phase; process cycle will be ongoing as the EOP / CAG /
HMP are “living documents”.
ACTION: Absolute involvement, integration and COMMUNICATION by all identified stakeholders;
ongoing education of stakeholders, residents and business community.
LEAD AGENCY: Town of Hudson
Administration & Planning Dept. , personnel
with emergency mgmt. responsibilities.
EXPECTED COST: Most of the effort can be
accomplished within existing annual budget by funding
specific line items.
SUPPORT AGENCIES: Hudson Fire Protection
District, Hudson Town Marshal, Hudson
Public Works Department, Hudson Utilities
Department, Hudson Board of Trustees &
Planning Commission, Weld County Office of
Emergency Management, United Power,
Atmos Energy, Weld County RE3J Public
School District, and other indentified
stakeholders and community response
agencies as required to complete tasks.
POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: Annual budgets and
mitigation grant opportunities
PROGRESS MILESTONES: Establishment of meeting schedule; completed review of Emergency
Operations Plan (EOP), Crisis Action Guide (CAG) and Hazard Mitigation Plan (HMP); completed
update of EOP / CAG / HMP; implementation of defined action plan to minimize or eliminate
identified deficiencies and issues; and scheduling of educational workshops and training exercises;
integration into Town’s Comprehensive Plan (2016).
Town of Hudson – Integrated Community Mitigation Planning and 2015 Citizen Survey Review
PRIORITY: Medium HAZARDS ADDRESSED: All hazards (man-made and
natural, real or perceived)
LOCATION: Hudson GOALS ADDRESSED: 1,2,3,4
RECOMMENDATION DATE: January 2016 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: A,B,D,E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: June 2016
ISSUE: 2015 Annual Citizen Survey solicited feedback on a variety of topics affecting the overall
community. Responses identified hazards of concern to residents. The Town of Hudson wants to
Incorporate 2015 resident survey data related to hazard awareness and Integrate the hazard and risk
assessment as determined in the 2016 Weld County Hazard Mitigation Plan into the Town’s
Comprehensive and Emergency Operations Plans.
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RECOMMENDATION: Independent review and scheduled group discussions leading to the
development and integration of appropriate mitigation actions into Town of Hudson’s plans.
Incorporate community input into mitigation actions.
ACTION: Interdepartmental and interagency review of 2015 Annual Citizen Survey responses;
prioritize hazards (man-made and natural) identified in the hazard and risk assessment; develop
actions to mitigate issues related to concerns and fears; utilize preferred tools identified in survey to
communicate with community.
LEAD AGENCY: Town of Hudson Administration EXPECTED COST: Most tasks can
be completed within existing
annual town budget. Action Plan
items may require additional
funding from mitigation grant
resources.
SUPPORT AGENCIES: Hudson Public Works Department, Hudson
Utilities Department, Hudson Fire Protection District, Hudson
Town Marshal, and other identified stakeholders and
community response agencies as required to complete tasks.
POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES:
Annual budget and mitigation
grant opportunities.
PROGRESS MILESTONES: Completed review of the 2015 Annual Citizen Survey; Completed review of
hazard and risk assessment for the Town of Hudson; establishment of a group meeting schedule;
identification and prioritization of issues identified in survey; creation and implementation of an
action plan.
Town of Hudson – Develop Staff / Resident / Business Resilience, Hazard Awareness &
Preparedness Education Plan
PRIORITY: Low - Medium HAZARDS ADDRESSED: All hazards (man-made and natural)
LOCATION: Hudson GOALS ADDRESSED: 1,3
RECOMMENDATION DATE: January
2016
OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: A,B
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: Ongoing
ISSUE: A 2015 Annual Citizen Survey solicited feedback on a variety of topics affecting the overall
community, including hazard awareness (survey garnered a 20% return rate from the community). A
community education and training plan to address the issues identified is needed. To enhance our
community’s disaster resilience, town staff, residential and business community members need
access to ongoing education about local hazards, preparedness and possible mitigation actions.
RECOMMENDATION: Identify, promote, and host educational and training opportunities for town
staff, residents and business owners. Provide opportunities for residents to participate in planning, to
include mitigation and community planning activities. Incorporate hazard and risk analysis from HMP
into education plan.
ACTION: Develop a plan to provide EMI professional training for town staff; American Red Cross and
equivalent “interest level” training in hazard-specific mitigation actions and individual preparedness
and community resilience for residents; provide FEMA Business Ready training, as well as SBA –
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SBDC/U.S. Chamber of Commerce Business Continuity training for our entrepreneurs and start-up and
established business owners.
LEAD AGENCY: Town of Hudson Administration EXPECTED COST: Existing annual budgeted
line items for training and outreach.
SUPPORT AGENCIES: Hudson Fire Protection District,
Hudson Town Marshal, American Red Cross,
Emergency Management Institute, FEMA, SBA, SBDC,
U.S. Chamber of Commerce, and other identified
stakeholders and community response agencies as
required to enhance overall knowledge and
preparedness.
POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: Annual
budgets and mitigation grant opportunities.
PROGRESS MILESTONES: Identify appropriate educational opportunities; develop training schedule;
track participants progress including any certifications obtained.
Town of Hudson – Distribution of All Hazards Emergency Alert Radios to local community
PRIORITY: Medium HAZARDS ADDRESSED: All Hazards (man-made and
natural)
LOCATION: Hudson GOALS ADDRESSED: 1,2
RECOMMENDATION DATE: January 2016 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: A,E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: Ongoing
ISSUE: Effectiveness of severe weather alert system (tornado sirens) has been questioned. Town
limits continues to expand thereby minimizing the audible warning capacity of the existing system.
RECOMMENDATION: Discussions with Town Board, Administration, Hudson Fire Protection District
Administration / Staff, and Weld County Office of Emergency Management Staff led to a Town Board
decision to authorize the purchase and distribution of All Hazards Emergency Alert Radios to
community members interested in participating in the program.
ACTION: Town will purchase All Hazards Emergency Alert Radios (250 – Phase 1) for distribution to
community members. Radios will be made available through a “coupon” attached to the town’s
utility bill.
LEAD AGENCY: Town Administration EXPECTED COST: Midland WR120 MSRP is $49.99.
Amazon prices radios around $28. Bulk purchases
should help to secure a reduced rate. Town will need
to budget between $7017.50 - $12,500 in our FY2016
Budget
SUPPORT AGENCIES: None POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: List all potential
sources, be as specific as possible
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PROGRESS MILESTONES: Purchase of radios; insertion of “coupons” into utility billing system;
distribution of radios (participants will be logged with the purpose of having the radio returned should
residents move).
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Letter of Intent to Participate
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Town of Keenesburg
The Town of Keenesburg is located in Southeast Weld County, approximately 25 miles southeast of the
County Seat of Greeley and approximately 35 miles northeast of Denver on I-76 at exit 39. The town is 32
miles from Denver International Airport (DIA) with an elevation of 4,958 feet above sea level.
Keenesburg was incorporated in 1919. The incorporated area now includes 240 acres. The largest
employers in the Town include the School District, Colorado East Bank & Trust, and Keene Market grocery
store. Additionally, the town provides the surrounding agricultural community with key commercial
services.
Community Profile
The table below summarizes key demographic and development related characteristics of the Town of
Keenesburg.
Town of Keenesburg Statistics
City of Keenesburg Colorado
Population, 2010 Census 1,127 5,029,196
Population Change 2000 – 2010, % 31.7% 16.9%
Total Households 438 1,972,868
Average Household Size 2.55 2.49
Homeownership Rate 69.9% 65.5%
% Population under 5 years, 2010 6.2% 6.8%
% Population 65 years and over, 2010 13.7% 10.7%
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Speak English less than “very well,” % age 5+, 2009-2013 25.5% 38.9%
Persons below poverty level, %, 2009-2013 21.1% 13.2%
Median Household Income, 2010 $45,888 $58,433
Source: US Census Bureau, Census 2010; 2009-2013 5-Year ACS
Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment
NATURAL HAZARD PROBABILITY IMPACT SPATIAL
EXTENT
WARNING
TIME DURATION RF
RATING
Straight-Line Winds &
Tornadoes 0.9 1.2 0.8 0.4 0.1 3.400
Severe Storm 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.3 2.800
Earthquake 0.3 1.2 0.8 0.1 0.1 2.500
Drought 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.1 0.1 2.100
Flood 0.3 0.9 0.6 0.1 0.1 2.000
Prairie Fire 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.1 1.900
Extreme Temperatures 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 1.600
HAZMAT 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.1 1.300
Public Health Hazards 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 1.000
Land Subsidence 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 1.000
HIGH RISK (2.5 or higher): Straight-Line Winds & Tornadoes; Severe Storm; Earthquake
MODERATE RISK HAZARD (2.0 - 2.4): Drought; Flood
Low Risk (1.9 or lower): Prairie Fire; Extreme Temperatures; HAZMAT; Public Health Hazards;
Land Subsidence
Vulnerability Assessment
This section provides a refined vulnerability assessment, specific for the Town of Keenesburg, for those
hazards that were identified as being rated HIGH in the preceding section. This analysis was conducted
separately from that of the county-wide vulnerability assessment to specifically focus on the population,
structures, infrastructure, and other assets unique to the Town of Keenesburg.
The results of the social vulnerability assessment are displayed on the map below. On the map, social
vulnerability is represented at the census tract level by 5 classes of vulnerability: Low (bottom 20% of the
county), Medium-Low, Medium, Medium-High, and High (top 20% of the county). Keenesburg’s social
vulnerability map shows social vulnerability within the community.
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The Town of Keenesburg is characterized by a uniform level of medium social vulnerability. Although this
is not a high level of vulnerability, it is important that the Town take efforts to understand what elements
of the social vulnerability index contribute the most to their elevated score. In doing so, the town will be
able to manage those risk factors and reduce their social vulnerability over time.
Straight-Line Winds and Tornadoes
According to the best available data, no injuries, deaths, or crop damages have been recorded within the
Town of Keenesburg due to tornadoes. There have been tornadoes reported very close to the borders of
the town limits. Tornadoes will remain a highly likely occurrence for the Town of Keenesburg.
According to the best available data, no injuries, deaths, or crop damages have been recorded within the
Town of Keenesburg due to straight-line winds. However, straight-line winds remain a highly likely
occurrence for Keenesburg.
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Inventory Exposed
All assets located in the Town of Keenesburg can be considered at risk from straight-line winds and
tornadoes. This includes 1,127 people, or 100% of the town’s population, and all buildings and structures
within the County. Most structures, including the town’s critical facilities, should be able to withstand and
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provide adequate protection from severe wind and tornadoes. Those facilities with back-up generators
should be fully equipped to handle severe wind and tornado events should the power go out.
Potential Losses
Generally, straight-line wind events and tornadoes destroy private, commercial, and public property.
Additional costs stem from debris removal, maintenance, repair, and response. Indirect costs include loss
of industrial and commercial productivity as a result of damage to infrastructure, facilities, or interruption
of services. Because no specific, community-wide loss estimation exists for wind and tornado hazards,
potential losses are related to structure value. The building value of the structures in this area amounts
to roughly $42,545,735. Potential losses could be substantial.
Severe Storm (Hail, Lightning, Winter Storm)
Hail
According to the best available data there are no reported injuries, deaths, property damage, or crop
damage in the Town of Keenesburg. There have been four hail events reported within the town limits
and several hail events that occurred less than one mile from the town limits. Although there is no historic
data showing hazardous impacts on the town, there is a great potential for hail events to occur at any
given time.
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Lightning
According to the best available data, no injuries, deaths, property damage, or crop damage have occurred
within the Town of Keenesburg due to Lightning. Although there is no historic data showing hazardous
impacts on the town, there is still great potential for Lightning to occur at any given time.
Winter Storm
According to NOAA’s Storm Events Database, the Town of Keenesburg has experienced 25 Winter Storms
since 1996. On December 28, 2006 there was report of a winter storm causing $102,000 in property
damage in central and southern Weld County. There were no deaths, injuries or damage to crops reported
for any of these storms. The Town of Keenesburg is at high risk of experiencing Winter Storms during the
winter months.
Inventory Exposed
All assets located in the Town of Keenesburg can be considered at risk from severe storms. This includes
1,127 people, or 100% of the town’s population, and all buildings and infrastructure within the town.
Damages primarily occur as a result of high winds, lightning strikes, hail, snow-loading, and flooding. Most
structures, including the town’s critical facilities, should be able to provide adequate protection from hail
but the structures could suffer broken windows and dented exteriors. Those facilities with back-up
generators are better equipped to handle severe weather situation should the power go out.
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Potential Losses
Severe storms affect the entire planning area of the Town of Keenesburg including all above-ground
structures and infrastructure. Although losses to structures are typically minimal and covered by
insurance, there can be impacts with lost time, maintenance costs, and contents within structures. A
timely forecast may not be able to mitigate the property loss, but could reduce the casualties and
associated injuries.
It appears possible to forecast these extreme events with some skill, but further research needs to be
done to test the existing hypothesis about the interaction between the convective storm and its
environment that produces the extensive swath of high winds. Severe storms will remain a highly likely
occurrence for the Town of Keenesburg. It is likely that lightning and hail will also be experienced in the
area due to such storms.
Earthquake
According to the best available data, no injuries, deaths, or crop damages have been recorded within the
Town of Keenesburg due to earthquakes. Although there is no historic data showing hazardous impacts
on the town, there is a great potential for earthquake events to occur at any given time.
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Inventory Exposed
According to the Hazus inventory, there are an estimated 575 buildings in the Town of Keenesburg with a
total building replacement value (excluding contents) of $42,545,735.
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Potential Losses
For the Golden Fault earthquake scenario, the total losses were estimated to be $1,061,750. Spatially, a
majority of the worst loss areas were located in the northwestern, urban portion of the town. Generally,
these are areas which are more densely/highly populated and more closely located to the Golden
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epicenter. Hazus estimates 12 critical facilities with a total loss of $2,353,968. Of the 12 critical facilities,
all will be over 50% functional on the first day of the event.
The Golden Fault scenario estimates that a total of 2.2 tons of debris will be generated from that 6.5
magnitude event. Of the total amount, brick and wood make up 41% of the total, with the remainder of
the debris being reinforced concrete and steel. When the debris tonnage is converted to an estimated
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number of truckloads, it will require 0.09 of a truckload (@25 tons/truck) to remove the debris generated
by the earthquake.
The Golden Fault model estimates that 1.5 households will be displaced in the Town of Keenesburg due
to an earthquake and less than 10 people will seek temporary shelter in public shelters.
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Capabilities Assessment
The capability assessment examines the ability of the Town of Keenesburg to implement and manage the
comprehensive mitigation strategy laid out in this Plan. The strengths, weaknesses, and resources of the
community are identified here as a means for evaluating and maintaining effective and appropriate
management of the Town’s hazard mitigation program.
Local Personnel
The ability of a community to implement a comprehensive mitigation strategy depends, in part, on
available resources, including people and staff. The table below outlines the Town’s capabilities as they
relate to key personnel.
Full Time Part Time None or Not-Identified
Emergency Manager X
Floodplain Administrator X
Community Planner X
GIS Specialist X
Grant Writer X
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Land Use Planning and Codes
Local land use plans and building codes are tremendous tools for evaluating local policies related to hazard
mitigation and risk reduction. Additionally, comprehensive master plans, capital improvement plans,
stormwater plans and zoning ordinances all present opportunities for enhanced local capabilities. The
table below outlines the Town’s current capabilities as they relate to land use planning and codes
Yes (Y);
No (N);
I don’t know
(IDK)
A zoning ordinance Y
A hazard-specific ordinance Y
Local building codes Y
A comprehensive plan / master plan Y
A Capital Improvements Plan Y
A Stormwater Plan N
A Continuity of Operations Plan (COOP) N
An Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) Y
A Long-Term Recovery Plan N
Participates in the NFIP Y
Building codes are one tool that communities use to enhance public safety. For example, they can increase
structural integrity, mitigate structure fires, and provide benefits in relation to natural hazard avoidance.
In Colorado, land use regulations and building codes are typically implemented at the local level. Even
without a statewide mandate, most counties and many municipalities have enacted regulations and
codes. The Town of Keenesburg has adopted a local building code requirement, demonstrating their
understanding of the benefits codes provide, including reduced exposure to hazards.
Plan Maintenance and Implementation
The Town of Keenesburg has developed a Plan Maintenance and Implementation Strategy outlining their
method and schedule for keeping the plan current. The Implementation Strategy below also includes a
discussion of how the town will continue public participation in the plan maintenance process.
Jurisdiction Plan Maintenance and Implementation Strategy
Town of
Keenesburg
The Town of Keenesburg will review and evaluate mitigation actions annually.
As part of the plan maintenance process, the Town of Keenesburg will continue
to engage the public in the process of identifying hazard risks and prioritizing
mitigation actions. To do so any changes to the Town’s mitigation plans will be
posted on the town website, and updated on the town’s facebook page for
public review and comment.
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Integrating Hazard Mitigation into Local Planning
Through discussions at planning meetings and the use of an online survey, individual outreach, and phone
calls, each participating jurisdiction brainstormed with the planning team to identify processes for
integrating hazard mitigation into their local planning mechanisms and policies. The Town of Keenesburg
did not integrate the 2009 HMP into other local planning mechanisms. The table below lists the specific
integration strategies identified by the Town of Keenesburg based on the mitigation actions listed in this
plan.
Jurisdiction Strategy
Town of Keenesburg “Plan to update the town’s comprehensive plan over the next five years and
will integrate the mitigation actions into the comprehensive plan.”
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Mitigation Action Guides
The following Mitigation Action Guide presents a status update of Keenesburg’s mitigation actions that
were included in the 2009 Plan.
Keenesburg: Continued compliance with the NFIP
PRIORITY: Medium HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flooding
LOCATION: Keenesburg GOALS ADDRESSED: 1
RECOMMENDATION DATE: Ongoing OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: Ongoing
ISSUE: As participants in the NFIP the Community will continue to promote wise use of floodplains
through ordinance administration and periodic update, promotion of flood insurance and staff
training, including encouragement of Certified Floodplain Manager status.
RECOMMENDATION: The benefits are to floodprone building owners who choose to insure against
flood losses, and to taxpayers who no longer would be faced with subsidizing those potential losses.
ACTION: Continued compliance with the NFIP
LEAD AGENCY: Floodplain Management
officials
EXPECTED COST: Can be accomplished within existing
budgets
SUPPORT AGENCIES: POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES:
PROGRESS MILESTONES: The Town of Keenesburg is not participating in the CRS program, however
we are member of the NFIP. The Town of Keenesburg has adopted the model ordinance in October of
2013 as required by the State of Colorado. The Town of Keenesburg will enforce flood plain
regulation in accordance with FEMA’s requirements for any annexed property that lies within a
mapped flood zone.
The following Mitigation Action Guides each of the community’s new mitigation actions that were
developed for the 2016 Plan.
Town of Keenesburg: Floodplain training
PRIORITY: Low HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flood
LOCATION: Town of Keenesburg GOALS ADDRESSED: 1-4
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 10/09/2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: A,B D, E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: Ongoing with
annual review
ISSUE: Staff is small with many varied responsibilities and no experience with reading FIRM’s
RECOMMENDATION: Staff training of flood plain rules and regulation in general, as well as direction
and instruction in reading maps and determining elevation requirements. Careful review of any
annexations in conjunction with the FIRM’s for determination of the any existing flood plain zone.
ACTION: Careful review of building permit applications, and location of project to determine if within
a possible flood plain, as the Town of Keenesburg has not been mapped, importance placed on
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annexations and determining if any annexations lie within a flood zone. The Town of Keenesburg is
not participating in the CRS program, however we are member of the NFIP. The Town of Keenesburg
has adopted the model ordinance in October of 2013 as required by the State of Colorado. The Town
of Keenesburg will enforce flood plain regulation in accordance with FEMA’s requirements for any
annexed property that lies within a mapped flood zone. Have a different staff member attend flood
plain training on an annual basis
LEAD AGENCY: Town of Keenesburg EXPECTED COST: Staff Time
SUPPORT AGENCIES: Colorado Water
Conservation Board
POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: N/A
PROGRESS MILESTONES: Assistant Town Manager attended a Floodplain Management training
course on September 9, 2015
Town of Keenesburg: Notify traveling public about shelter locations
PRIORITY: High HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Severe Weather
LOCATION: Community-wide GOALS ADDRESSED: 1, 4
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 10/09/2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: A, D
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 12/31/2015
ISSUE: Traveling public not aware of help available if stranded due to severe weather and or the
closure of the I-76
RECOMMENDATION: Place a notice at entry to town (existing kiosk) providing contact information
ACTION: Create signage to be located at kiosk, motel, and gas station all located on Market Street just
off of I-76 containing contact information for anyone seeking shelter due to severe weather and or
closure of I-76.
LEAD AGENCY: Town of Keenesburg EXPECTED COST: Staff Time
SUPPORT AGENCIES: Southeast Weld Fire
Protection District
POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: N/A
PROGRESS MILESTONES: Complete once signage is in place.
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Town of Keenesburg: Tornado warning system education for residents
PRIORITY: Medium HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Tornado
LOCATION: Town of Keenesburg GOALS ADDRESSED: 1, 2, and 3
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 10/09/2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: A, B, and E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: Ongoing
ISSUE: As new residents move into town many do not know what to do when the siren sounds.
RECOMMENDATION: Outreach and education of the public to identify the action that should be taken
when the siren sounds
ACTION: We will post educational information about what to do in the event of a tornado and
specifically what it means when the siren sounds on the town’s facebook page, and website, as well
as place different articles in the local newspaper every month during tornado season
LEAD AGENCY: Town of Keenesburg EXPECTED COST: Staff time
SUPPORT AGENCIES: N/A POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: N/A
PROGRESS MILESTONES: Education outreach will begin in March of 2016, with an article in the
newspaper, on our website, as well as on the town’s facebook page.
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Letter of Intent to Participate
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Town of Kersey
Community Profile
Kersey is conveniently located on U.S. Highway 34, just 6 miles east of Greeley. The town is located just
east of the foothills of the Rocky Mountains and south of the Pawnee Buttes.
The table below summarizes key demographic and development related characteristics of the Town of
Kersey.
Town of Kersey Statistics
Town of Kersey Colorado
Population, 2014 1,560 5,355,866
Population, % change April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014 6.8% 6.5%
% Population under 5 years, 2010 6.2% 6.8%
% Population under 18 years, 2010 36% 24.4%
% Population 65 years and over, 2010 9.4% 10.7%
Language other than English spoken at home, % age 5+,
2009-2013 21.5% 16.8%
Homeownership Rate 75.9% 65.4%
Persons Per Household 2.87 2.53
Persons below poverty level, %, 2009-2013 17.1% 13.2%
Median Household Income, 2009- 2013 $48,438 $58,433
Source: US Census Bureau
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Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment
NATURAL HAZARD PROBABILITY IMPACT SPATIAL
EXTENT
WARNING
TIME DURATION RF
RATING
Severe Storm 1.2 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.2 2.300
Straight-Line Winds &
Tornadoes 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.4 2.200
HAZMAT 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.1 1.900
Flood 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 2.100
Extreme Temperatures 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.3 1.500
Drought 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.1 1.500
Public Health Hazards 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 1.300
Prairie Fire 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.4 2.200
Land Subsidence 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 1.300
Earthquake 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 1.000
HIGH RISK (2.5 or higher): NONE
MODERATE RISK HAZARD (2.0 - 2.4): Prairie Fire, Flood; Straight-Line Winds and Tornadoes;
Severe Storm
Low Risk (1.9 or lower): Earthquake; Land Subsidence; Public Health Hazards; Drought; Extreme
Temperatures; HAZMAT
Vulnerability Assessment
This section provides a refined vulnerability assessment, specific for the Town of Kersey. This analysis was
conducted separately from that of the county-wide vulnerability assessment to specifically focus on the
population, structures, infrastructure, and other assets unique to Town of Kersey.
The results of the social vulnerability assessment are displayed on the map below. On the map, social
vulnerability is represented at the census tract level by 5 classes of vulnerability: Low (bottom 20% of the
county), Medium-Low, Medium, Medium-High, and High (top 20% of the county). The Town of Kersey’s
social vulnerability map shows social vulnerability within the community.
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The Town of Kersey is characterized by medium level of social vulnerability. Currently, the social
vulnerability indicators that contribute to higher vulnerability to hazards in the town are lower than they
are in the majority of Weld County. This does not mean, however, that there a not any vulnerable
populations living in Kersey. Over time, the town should continue to monitor their social vulnerability as
demographic, economic, and housing related conditions change.
Capabilities Assessment
The capability assessment examines the ability of the Town of Kersey to implement and manage the
comprehensive mitigation strategy laid out in this Plan. The strengths, weaknesses, and resources of the
community are identified here as a means for evaluating and maintaining effective and appropriate
management of the town’s hazard mitigation program.
Local Personnel
The ability of a community to implement a comprehensive mitigation strategy depends, in part, on
available resources, including people and staff. The table below outlines the town’s capabilities as they
relate to key personnel.
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Full Time Part Time None or Not-Identified
Emergency Manager X
Floodplain Administrator X
Community Planner X
GIS Specialist X
Grant Writer X
Land Use Planning and Codes
Local land use plans and building codes are tremendous tools for evaluating local policies related to hazard
mitigation and risk reduction. Additionally, comprehensive master plans, capital improvement plans,
stormwater plans and zoning ordinances all present opportunities for enhanced local capabilities. The
table below outlines the town’s current capabilities as they relate to land use planning and codes.
Yes (Y);
No (N);
I don’t know
(IDK)
A zoning ordinance Y
A hazard-specific ordinance IDK
Local building codes Y
A comprehensive plan / master plan IDK
A Capital Improvements Plan IDK
A Stormwater Plan IDK
A Continuity of Operations Plan (COOP) IDK
An Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) Y
A Long-Term Recovery Plan IDK
Participates in the NFIP N
Building codes are one tool that communities use to enhance public safety. For example, they can increase
structural integrity, mitigate structure fires, and provide benefits in relation to natural hazard avoidance.
In Colorado, land use regulations and building codes are typically implemented at the local level. Even
without a statewide mandate, most counties and many municipalities have enacted regulations and
codes. Town of Kersey has adopted a local building code requirement, demonstrating their understanding
of the benefits codes provide, including reduced exposure to hazards.
Plan Maintenance and Implementation
The Town of Kersey has developed a Plan Maintenance and Implementation Strategy outlining their
method and schedule for keeping the plan current. The Implementation Strategy below also includes a
discussion of how the town will continue public participation in the plan maintenance process.
Jurisdiction Plan Maintenance and Implementation Strategy
Town of Kersey The Town Administrator and the Emergency Manager will review the Mitigation
Actions annually.
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In order to ensure that the public can be informed and participate in decision-
making and planning related to hazard mitigation, Kersey will post
recommended changes to the Mitigation Plan at required Town Board meetings.
Integrating Hazard Mitigation into Local Planning
Through discussions at planning meetings and the use of an online survey, individual outreach, and phone
calls, each participating jurisdiction brainstormed with the planning team to identify processes for
integrating hazard mitigation into their local planning mechanisms and policies. The Town of Kersey did
not integrate the 2009 HMP into other local planning mechanisms. The table below lists the specific
integration strategies identified by the Town of Kersey based on the mitigation actions listed in this plan.
Jurisdiction Strategy
Town of Kersey “Our Mitigation actions will be incorporated into required documents and other
plans as necessary”
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Mitigation Action Guides
The following Mitigation Action Guide presents a status update of Kersey’s mitigation action that was
included in a past Plan.
Kersey: Communities with NSFHA or Never Mapped should consider joining NFIP for the availability
of insurance, especially if growing/annexing rapidly.
PRIORITY: HIGH HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flooding
LOCATION: Kersey GOALS ADDRESSED: 1, 2, 4
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 2009 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: Ongoing
ISSUE: Kersey has never been mapped for flood hazards and has no SFHA. As such, they chose not to
join the NFIP. Currently, because they do not participate in the NFIP, flood insurance is unavailable to
building owners. However, as communities grow and annex land from the County, they may be
acquiring land that is flood prone or subject to drainage problems. A community can join the NFIP by
adopting an ordinance and agreeing to regulate development in flood prone areas, as indicated on a
FEMA-provided map. Where there is no map, no enforcement is necessary ---- but ---- having
adopted the ordinance will allow building owners to purchase flood insurance if they so choose.
RECOMMENDATION: Communities should contact the CWCB and ask to join the NFIP
ACTION: : Communities with NSFHA or Never Mapped should consider joining NFIP for the availability
of insurance, especially if growing/annexing rapidly. In cases where there is a known watercourse
within the existing or expanding community boundaries, the community should request CWCB and/or
FEMA to develop a floodplain map that can be used for regulatory and insurance purposes.
LEAD AGENCY: Communities EXPECTED COST: Staff time only for initial inventory
and discussion of protection methods, and cost-
benefit analysis.
SUPPORT AGENCIES: CWCB, FEMA POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: There is no cost for
the initial inventory and decision-making. Protective
measures should be taken where cost-effective.
PROGRESS MILESTONES: Deferred: At this time Kersey does not plan to join the NFIP, but will
reevaluate this decision in the future as potential growth and annexations occur.
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The following Mitigation Action Guide presents the community’s new mitigation actions that were
developed for the 2016 Plan.
Town of Kersey: Community Preparedness Education
PRIORITY: High HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Drought, Earthquake, Land
Subsidence, Extreme Temperatures, Flood, Severe
Storm, Wind & Tornado, Fire, Public Health, Hazmat
LOCATION: Town of Kersey GOALS ADDRESSED: 1,3
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 10.06.2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: A, B
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 10.06.2020
ISSUE: There are many emergency management issues that need to be reinforced with public
education so that citizens know what risks they face, what protective actions they can take, and what
government programs are in place to assist them.
RECOMMENDATION: The potential for saving just one life, and providing time for individuals and
businesses to take effective protective actions, outweighs the potential cost of the public education
program. Public Education may be the most effective and least-expensive way to reduce disaster
losses by changing human behavior to promote appropriate actions
ACTION: Establish an ongoing or annual Public Education campaign regarding Hazards and Emergency
Management
LEAD AGENCY: Town of Kersey EXPECTED COST: $2,500 for printing and distribution
costs
SUPPORT AGENCIES: County Emergency
Management, First Responder Agencies,
State DHSEM, FEMA
POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES HMPG, SHSG, Local
budgets and private partner cost share.
PROGRESS MILESTONES: Since 2009, Weld County OEM and many participating jurisdictions have
continued to make public preparedness outreach and education a priority. The Town of Kersey will
continue to work with Weld County OEM on community preparedness education and hazard
identification.
Jurisdiction or Organization: Town of Kersey
PRIORITY: High HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flood, Severe Storm,
LOCATION: Kersey GOALS ADDRESSED: 1, 2
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 12.1.2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: C, E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 12.1.2016
ISSUE: : Identify issues related to flood control by updating and developing a new Comprehensive
Plan for the town of Kersey.
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RECOMMENDATION: The Town of Kersey has significantly improved it’s ability to reduce and mitigate
hazardous situations within the community and surrounding area during recent years. To continue
this process the Town of Kersey will take on the development of a new Comprehensive Plan that will
address flood control in the community.
ACTION: Develop a new Comprehensive Plan, hold public meetings and utilize the Hazard Mitigation
Plan to address natural hazards that effect the town of Kersey. The Town will also incorporate the
Utility Master Plan developed in 2015 into the Comprehensive Plan.
LEAD AGENCY: Town Administration EXPECTED COST: 62,400.00
SUPPORT AGENCIES: Public Works, Planning,
Police, Fire District.
POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: General Fund, State
and Federal Funding Sources.
PROGRESS MILESTONES: Continued planning process in the development of the Comprehensive plan,
public meeting and workshops to provide public input. Identify social and economic strengths to help
with the ongoing growth in the community.
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Letter of Intent to Participate
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Town of LaSalle
Community Profile
The Town of LaSalle is a Statutory Town in Weld County, Colorado, United States. The town population
was 1,955 at the 2010 United States Census.
The table below summarizes key demographic and development related characteristics of the Town of
LaSalle.
Town of LaSalle Statistics
Town of LaSalle Colorado
Population, 2014 2,047 5,355,866
Population, % change April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014 4.5% 6.5%
% Population under 5 years, 2010 7.0% 6.8%
% Population under 18 years, 2010 30.3% 24.4%
% Population 65 years and over, 2010 12.7% 10.7%
Language other than English spoken at home, % age 5+,
2009-2013 19.6% 16.8%
Homeownership Rate 75.1% 65.4%
Persons Per Household 3.16 2.53
Persons below poverty level, %, 2009-2013 13.4% 13.2%
Median Household Income, 2009- 2013 $48,095 $58,433
Source: US Census Bureau
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Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment
NATURAL HAZARD PROBABILITY IMPACT SPATIAL
EXTENT
WARNING
TIME DURATION RF
RATING
Drought 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.2 0.4 2.900
Extreme Temperatures 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.2 0.4 2.900
Public Health Hazards 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.2 0.4 2.900
Severe Storm 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.2 0.4 2.900
HAZMAT 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.2 0.4 2.900
Straight-Line Winds and
Tornadoes 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.2 0.2 2.700
Flood 0.9 0.3 0.6 0.2 0.4 2.400
Earthquake 0.3 0.6 0.8 0.2 0.1 2.000
Land Subsidence 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.2 0.2 1.900
Prairie Fire 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.2 1.700
HIGH RISK (2.5 or higher): Drought; Extreme Temperatures; Public Health Hazards; Severe Storm;
HAZMAT; Straight-Line Winds and Tornadoes
MODERATE RISK HAZARD (2.0 - 2.4): Flood; Earthquake
Low Risk (1.9 or lower): Land Subsidence; Prairie Fire
Vulnerability Assessment
This section provides a refined vulnerability assessment, specific for the Town of LaSalle, for those hazards
that were identified as being rated HIGH in the preceding section. This analysis was conducted separately
from that of the county-wide vulnerability assessment to specifically focus on the population, structures,
infrastructure, and other assets unique to Town of LaSalle.
The results of the social vulnerability assessment are displayed on the map below. On the map, social
vulnerability is represented at the census tract level by 5 classes of vulnerability: Low (bottom 20% of the
county), Medium-Low, Medium, Medium-High, and High (top 20% of the county). The Town of LaSalle’s
social vulnerability map shows social vulnerability within the community.
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
The Town of LaSalle is characterized by medium-high levels of social vulnerability. Over time, it is critical
that the town monitor their social vulnerability levels and work to decrease the factors that play a role in
elevated risk and vulnerability to hazards. A closer analysis of the individual social vulnerability indicators
within the town will give local emergency managers, planners, and stakeholders a clear idea of which
social vulnerability factors have the largest negative effect on the community and it resiliency.
Drought
According to the best available data, no injuries, deaths, or crop damages have been recorded within the
Town of LaSalle due to drought. There are four reports of drought in southern Weld County. The four
drought events all occurred in April of 2002 and March of 2011. There is a great potential for a drought
event to occur at any given time.
Inventory Exposed
Drought will have little to no direct impact on critical facilities or structures in the Town of LaSalle. Should
a drought affect the water available for public water systems or individual wells, the availability of clean
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drinking water could be compromised. This situation would require emergency actions and could possibly
overwhelm local capacities and financial resources.
Potential Losses
Although it is unlikely that drought conditions will affect existing buildings, infrastructure, and critical
infrastructure, economic livelihoods in the Town of LaSalle could be negatively impacted due to crop loss,
water shortages, and wildfires as a result of drought. Possible losses/impacts to critical facilities include
the loss of critical function due to low water supplies.
As LaSalle continues to grow, it will consider water-saving mitigation activities that will decrease local
vulnerability to drought.
Extreme Temperatures
According to the best available data, no injuries, deaths, or crop damages have been recorded within the
Town of LaSalle due to extreme temperatures. There are two reports of extreme cold temperatures in
central and southern Weld County on December 16-17, 1996. There is a great potential for extreme
temperature events to occur at any given time.
Inventory Exposed
Due to the regional nature of extreme temperatures hazards, jurisdictions with higher numbers of socially
vulnerable residents are expected to experience magnified impacts of extreme temperatures. This
includes places with high numbers of elderly residents, low income families and homeless
individuals/outdoor laborers.
The table below shows data related to population vulnerability to extreme temperatures. Based on Census
information and knowledge of social vulnerability to hazards, jurisdictions with high numbers of elderly
residents, a high poverty rate and/or large numbers of rental properties can plan accordingly to provide
appropriate services and mitigation assistance during extreme temperature events.
Populations Vulnerable to Extreme Temperatures
Age: 65 and Over (%) Persons Below Poverty
Level (%)
Renter-occupied housing
units (%)
Colorado 10.9 12.9 34.5
Town of LaSalle 12.7 13.4 24.9
The Town of LaSalle has a higher percentage of elderly residents than does the state of Colorado. This is
also true for the percentage of people living below poverty level in the Town. A slight larger percentage
of LaSalle residents own their homes than the general population of Colorado. Based on these statistics,
LaSalle residents (in general) do not appear to be acutely vulnerable to the impacts of extreme
temperatures. That said, future mitigation efforts related to extreme temperature should focus on
reaching those residents who are elderly, live in poverty or are homeless, or are renters.
Potential losses
Because there is no defined geographic boundary for extreme temperature hazards, all of the people and
infrastructure within the Town of LaSalle are exposed to extreme temperatures. Those with elevated risk
and potential loss are the homeless, infirm, elderly, and low income families. Given the lack of historical
data and limited likelihood of structural losses in the Town of LaSalle resulting from extreme heat or cold,
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and that placing a dollar amount on the cost of a human life are beyond the scope of the Plan, annualized
economic losses for the Town of LaSalle due to extreme temperatures are currently considered
unquantifiable.
Public Health Hazards
Public health hazards, including epidemics and pandemics, have the potential to cause serious illness and
death, especially among those who have compromised immune systems due to age or underlying medical
conditions. During the 2015 planning process, pandemic flu was identified as the key public health hazard
in the county.
Inventory Exposed
Due to the regional nature of public health hazards, jurisdictions with higher numbers of socially
vulnerable residents are expected to experience magnified impacts of public health hazards. This includes
places with high numbers of elderly residents, young children, low income families, and homeless
individuals/outdoor laborers.
The table below shows data related to population vulnerability to public health hazards. Based on Census
information and knowledge of social vulnerability to hazards, jurisdictions with high numbers of elderly
residents, young children, and a high poverty rate can plan accordingly to provide appropriate services
and mitigation assistance during public health hazards outbreaks.
Populations Vulnerable to Public Health Hazards
Age: 65 and Over (%) Age: 5 and under (%) Persons Below Poverty
Level (%)
Colorado 10.9 6.8 12.9
Town of LaSalle 12.7 7.0 13.5
The Town of LaSalle has a slightly lower percentage of elderly residents than the state of Colorado. A
slightly larger percentage of LaSalle residents are under the age of 5 than the general population of
Colorado. There is a slightly greater percentage of people living below poverty level than the state. Based
on these statistics, LaSalle residents (in general) do not appear to be acutely vulnerable to the impacts of
public health hazards. That said, future mitigation efforts related to public health hazards should focus on
reaching those residents who are elderly, young children, live in poverty, or are homeless.
Potential Losses
Because there is no defined geographic boundary for public health hazards, all of the people and
infrastructure within the Town of LaSalle are exposed to public health hazards. Those with elevated risk
and potential loss are the homeless, infirm, elderly, young and low income families. Given the lack of
historical data in the Town of LaSalle resulting from public health hazards, and that placing a dollar amount
on the cost of a human life are beyond the scope of the Plan, annualized economic losses for the Town of
LaSalle due to public health hazards are currently considered unquantifiable.
Severe Storm (Hail, Lightning, Winter Storm)
Hail
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According to the best available data there are no reported injuries, deaths, or damage in the Town of
LaSalle. There have been 3 hail events reported within the town limits. Based on the historic data showing
hazardous impacts on the town, there is a great potential for hail events to occur at any given time.
Lightning
According to the best available data, no injuries, no deaths, or crop damage have occurred within the
Town of LaSalle due to Lightning. There has been 1 recorded lightning incident on June 8, 1996 within the
town limits, causing $1,000 in property damage. Based on the historic data showing hazardous impacts
on the town, there is a great potential for Lightning to occur at any given time.
Winter Storm
According to the best available data, the Town of LaSalle has experienced 25 Winter Storms since 1996.
On December 28, 2006 there was report of a winter storm causing $102,000 in property damage in central
and southern Weld County. There were no deaths, injuries or damage to crops reported for any of these
storms. The Town of LaSalle is at high risk of experiencing Winter Storms during the winter months.
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Inventory Exposed
All assets located in the Town of LaSalle can be considered at risk from severe storms. This includes 2,047
people, or 100% of the town’s population, and all buildings and infrastructure within the city. Damages
primarily occur as a result of high winds, lightning strikes, hail, snow-loading, and flooding. Most
structures, including the town’s critical facilities, should be able to provide adequate protection from hail
but the structures could suffer broken windows and dented exteriors. Those facilities with back-up
generators are better equipped to handle severe weather situation should the power go out.
Potential Losses
Severe storms affect the entire planning area of the Town of LaSalle including all above-ground structures
and infrastructure. Although losses to structures are typically minimal and covered by insurance, there
can be impacts with lost time, maintenance costs, and contents within structures. A timely forecast may
not be able to mitigate the property loss, but could reduce the casualties and associated injuries.
It appears possible to forecast these extreme events with some skill, but further research needs to be
done to test the existing hypothesis about the interaction between the convective storm and its
environment that produces the extensive swath of high winds. Severe storms will remain a highly likely
occurrence for the Town of LaSalle. It is likely that lightning and hail will also be experienced in the area
due to such storms.
HAZMAT
Based on data supplied by the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration’s (PHMSA) Incident
Reports Database there have been 8 reported HAZMAT incidents within the Town of LaSalle between
1972 and 2015.
Inventory Exposed
US 85 runs through the Town of LaSalle and is a designated nuclear and hazardous materials
transportation route. All structures, natural resources, and people located within one mile of these
transportation routes (and railways) are exposed to the impacts of a potential HAZMAT event. Structures,
people, and natural resources located outside of a one mile buffer of these routes are also at risk of
exposure.
Assets and people that are located within one mile of an industrial or commercial fixed site are also at risk
of exposure to the impacts of a HAZMAT release.
Potential Losses
HAZMAT related events occur throughout Weld County every year. The intensity and magnitude of these
incidents depend on weather conditions, the location of the event, the time of day, and the process by
which the materials are released. Was it raining when the event happened? Were the hazardous materials
being transported by rail when they were released or were they at a fixed facility? Did the spill happen
during rush hour traffic or in the middle of the night? All of these considerations matter when determining
the risk and potential damages associated with a HAZMAT incident.
HAZMAT events have the potential to threaten lives and disrupt business activity. Moreover, HAZMAT
incidents can cause serious environmental contamination to air, ground, and water sources.
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Straight-Line Winds and Tornadoes
According to the best available data, no injuries, deaths, or crop damages have been recorded within the
Town of LaSalle due to tornadoes. There is record of 2 tornadoes reported within the town limits between
1976 and 1984. On August 1, 1984 a tornado caused $3,000 in property loss. There have been tornadoes
reported close to the borders of the town limits as well. Tornadoes will remain a highly likely occurrence
for the Town of LaSalle.
According to the best available data, no injuries, deaths, or damages have been recorded within the Town
of LaSalle due to straight-line winds. There have been 2 reported high wind events between 1956 and
2013 within the town limits. Straight-line winds remain a highly likely occurrence for the Town of LaSalle.
Inventory Exposed
All assets located in the Town of LaSalle can be considered at risk from straight-line winds and tornadoes.
This includes 2,047 people, or 100% of the town’s population, and all buildings and structures within the
city. Most structures, including the town’s critical facilities, should be able to withstand and provide
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adequate protection from severe wind and tornadoes. Those facilities with back-up generators should be
fully equipped to handle severe wind and tornado events should the power go out.
Potential Losses
Generally, straight-line wind events and tornadoes destroy private, commercial, and public property.
Additional costs stem from debris removal, maintenance, repair, and response. Indirect costs include loss
of industrial and commercial productivity as a result of damage to infrastructure, facilities, or interruption
of services. Because no specific, community-wide loss estimation exists for wind and tornado hazards,
potential losses are related to structure value. The building value of the structures in this area amounts
to roughly $69,447,406. Potential losses could be substantial.
Capabilities Assessment
The capability assessment examines the ability of the Town of LaSalle to implement and manage the
comprehensive mitigation strategy laid out in this Plan. The strengths, weaknesses, and resources of the
community are identified here as a means for evaluating and maintaining effective and appropriate
management of the town’s hazard mitigation program.
Local Personnel
The ability of a community to implement a comprehensive mitigation strategy depends, in part, on
available resources, including people and staff. The table below outlines the town’s capabilities as they
relate to key personnel.
Full Time Part Time None or Not-Identified
Emergency Manager X
Floodplain Administrator X
Community Planner X
GIS Specialist X
Grant Writer X
Land Use Planning and Codes
Local land use plans and building codes are tremendous tools for evaluating local policies related to hazard
mitigation and risk reduction. Additionally, comprehensive master plans, capital improvement plans,
stormwater plans and zoning ordinances all present opportunities for enhanced local capabilities. The
table below outlines the town’s current capabilities as they relate to land use planning and codes.
Yes (Y);
No (N);
I don’t know
(IDK)
A zoning ordinance Y
A hazard-specific ordinance Y
Local building codes Y
A comprehensive plan / master plan Y
A Capital Improvements Plan N
A Stormwater Plan Y
A Continuity of Operations Plan (COOP) N
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An Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) Y
A Long-Term Recovery Plan Y
Participates in the NFIP Y
Building codes are one tool that communities use to enhance public safety. For example, they can increase
structural integrity, mitigate structure fires, and provide benefits in relation to natural hazard avoidance.
In Colorado, land use regulations and building codes are typically implemented at the local level. Even
without a statewide mandate, most counties and many municipalities have enacted regulations and
codes. Town of LaSalle has adopted a local building code requirement, demonstrating their understanding
of the benefits codes provide, including reduced exposure to hazards.
Plan Maintenance and Implementation
The Town of LaSalle has developed a Plan Maintenance and Implementation Strategy outlining their
method and schedule for keeping the plan current. The Implementation Strategy below also includes a
discussion of how the town will continue public participation in the plan maintenance process.
Jurisdiction Plan Maintenance and Implementation Strategy
Town of LaSalle
The town will pass resolutions with annual review
Public comments will be solicited on an annual basis or whenever changes to
mitigation actions and/or priorities occur
Integrating Hazard Mitigation into Local Planning
Through discussions at planning meetings and the use of an online survey, individual outreach, and phone
calls, each participating jurisdiction brainstormed with the planning team to identify processes for
integrating hazard mitigation into their local planning mechanisms and policies. The Town of LaSalle did
not integrate the 2009 HMP into other local planning mechanisms. The table below lists the specific
integration strategies identified by the Town of LaSalle based on the mitigation actions listed in this plan.
Jurisdiction Strategy
Town of LaSalle
“The town will do “anything we need to” in order to integrate the actions
identified in the HMP with existing planning efforts. This includes updating its
zoning, ordinances, and building codes on a regular schedule in order to address
high risk hazards.”
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Mitigation Action Guides
The following Mitigation Action Guide presents a status update of LaSalle’s mitigation action that was
included in the 2009 Plan.
Town of LaSalle: Continued compliance with the NFIP
PRIORITY: Medium HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flooding
LOCATION: Town of LaSalle GOALS ADDRESSED: 1
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 2009 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: Ongoing
ISSUE: As participants in the NFIP the Community will continue to promote wise use of floodplains
through ordinance administration and periodic update, promotion of flood insurance and staff
training, including encouragement of Certified Floodplain Manager status.
RECOMMENDATION: The benefits are to flood prone building owners who choose to insure against
flood losses, and to taxpayers who no longer would be faced with subsidizing those potential losses.
ACTION: Continued compliance with the NFIP
LEAD AGENCY: Floodplain Management
officials
EXPECTED COST: Can be accomplished within existing
budgets
SUPPORT AGENCIES: POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES:
PROGRESS MILESTONES:
The following Mitigation Action Guides present each of the community’s new mitigation actions that were
developed for the 2016 Plan.
Town of LaSalle: Community Preparedness Education
PRIORITY: High HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Drought, Earthquake, Land
Subsidence, Extreme Temperatures, Flood, Severe
Storm, Wind & Tornado, Fire, Public Health, Hazmat
LOCATION: Town of LaSalle GOALS ADDRESSED: 1,3
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 10.06.2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: A, B
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 10.06.2020
ISSUE: There are many emergency management issues that need to be reinforced with public
education so that citizens know what risks they face, what protective actions they can take, and what
government programs are in place to assist them.
RECOMMENDATION: The potential for saving just one life, and providing time for individuals and
businesses to take effective protective actions, outweighs the potential cost of the public education
program. Public Education may be the most effective and least-expensive way to reduce disaster
losses by changing human behavior to promote appropriate actions
ACTION: Establish an ongoing or annual Public Education campaign regarding Hazards and Emergency
Management
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LEAD AGENCY: Town of LaSalle EXPECTED COST: $2,500 for printing and distribution
costs
SUPPORT AGENCIES: County Emergency
Management, First Responder Agencies,
State DHSEM, FEMA
POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES HMPG, SHSG, Local
budgets and private partner cost share.
PROGRESS MILESTONES: Since 2009, Weld County OEM and many participating jurisdictions have
continued to make public preparedness outreach and education a priority. The Town of LaSalle will
continue to work with Weld County OEM on community preparedness education and hazard
identification.
Town of LaSalle: Develop Upkeep Schedule for Emergency Power System
PRIORITY: Medium HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Earthquake, Land Subsidence,
Extreme Temperatures, Flood, Severe Storm, Wind &
Tornado
LOCATION: Project location LaSalle GOALS ADDRESSED: 1, 2
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 10.06.15 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: Ongoing
ISSUE: In Colorado, there are a number severe weather events that could cause a power outage to the
Town Offices and facilities. In case of an emergency, there are several town employees who need to
stay connected to town networks and communication systems. Town offices are also used for
command posts, damage assessment data collection points and information points for citizens
RECOMMENDATION: The Town has a generator for backup power, continued maintenance to keep
the generator operation will allow the town to stay operational during emergencies.
ACTION: Town staff will test and maintain the operational condition of the generator.
LEAD AGENCY: LaSalle Town Staff EXPECTED COST: Annual budget will meet this need.
SUPPORT AGENCIES: POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES annual budget
PROGRESS MILESTONES: funding will be included in annual budgets.
Jurisdiction or Organization: Town of LaSalle
PRIORITY: Ongoing Program HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flood, Severe Storm,
LOCATION: Project location GOALS ADDRESSED: 1, 2
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 12.1.2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: C, E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 12.1.2018
ISSUE: the Town of LaSalle has a current Storm Water Plan that has identified North 1st Street as a
drainage improvement area that is necessary to Mitigate the flooding of business and streets from
floods and storm water. The Town of LaSalle has its own storm water utility program which generates
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revenue to manage storm water issues. As this is an ongoing program, 1st Street has been determined
by the Town Board as the first project for the storm water program. Once this project is completed in
2016 the Board will again address the next issue in the 2017 budget.
RECOMMENDATION: The Town of LaSalle intends, over time, to implement on ongoing plan of storm
water improvements, including, but not limited to valley pans, storm boxes, storm piping and
manhole lids with proper language on polluting the rivers. This program may include most of the town
over the next few years, however the Town has not prioritized the program past the budget year
2016.
ACTION: Implement the high priority actions of the town’s storm water plan.
LEAD AGENCY: Town of LaSalle Public Works EXPECTED COST: Storm water improvements on 1st
Street on 2015-2016 is 80,000.00
SUPPORT AGENCIES: Be specific POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: Storm water utility
fees, general fund and in-kind labor serve as match for
grants.
PROGRESS MILESTONES: Improvements to 1st Street has been started in 2015 with the majority of
that project completed. Completion to be accomplished in 2016, The Town Board will identify and
prioritize addition projects.
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Letter of Intent to Participate
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Town of Mead
The Town of Mead is located just east of Interstate 25 on the western edge of Weld County. The town
sits approximately 35 miles north of the State Capital in Denver at an elevation of 5,003 feet above sea
level. The town’s total area is 4.4 square miles. Mead was established in 1908 when the Great Western
Railroad built a feeder line from Longmont to Johnstown to gather and take sugar beet harvest to a
refinery in Longmont.
Community Profile
The table below summarizes key demographic and development related characteristics of the Town of
Mead.
Town of Mead Statistics
Town of Mead Colorado
Population, 2010 3405 5,029,196
2000-2010 Population Change, % 40.7% 14.5%
% Population under 5 years, 2010 7.3% 6.8%
% Population under 19 years, 2010 25.1% 20.3
% Population 65 years and over, 2010 6.3% 10.9%
Language other than English spoken at home, % age 5+,
2009-2013 5.9% 15.9%
Homeownership Rate 2010 88.3% 65.5%
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Persons Per Household 2010 2.9 2.57
Persons below poverty level, %, 2013 4.7% 13.2%
Median Household Income, 2013 $87,132 $58,433
Source: US Census Bureau
Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment
NATURAL HAZARD PROBABILITY IMPACT SPATIAL
EXTENT
WARNING
TIME DURATION RF
RATING
Severe Storm 0.90 0.90 0.60 0.40 0.10 2.90
Straight-Line Winds &
Tornadoes 0.90 0.60 0.60 0.40 0.10 2.60
HAZMAT 0.90 0.60 0.40 0.40 0.10 2.40
Flood 0.60 0.60 0.40 0.40 0.10 2.10
Extreme Temperatures 0.90 0.30 0.60 0.10 0.10 2.00
Drought 0.60 0.30 0.40 0.10 0.40 1.80
Public Health Hazards 0.60 0.60 0.40 0.10 0.10 1.80
Prairie Fire 0.30 0.30 0.20 0.40 0.10 2.00
Land Subsidence 0.60 0.30 0.20 0.10 0.10 1.30
Earthquake 0.30 0.30 0.40 0.10 0.10 1.20
HIGH RISK (2.5 or higher) : Severe Storm; Straight-Line Winds & Tornadoes
MODERATE RISK HAZARD (2.0 - 2.4): Prairie Fire; Extreme Temperatures; Flood; HAZMAT
Low Risk (1.9 or lower): Earthquake; Land Subsidence; Public Health Hazards; Drought
Vulnerability Assessment
This section provides a refined vulnerability assessment, specific for the Town of Mead, for those hazards
that were identified as being rated HIGH in the preceding section. This analysis was conducted separately
from that of the county-wide vulnerability assessment to specifically focus on the population, structures,
infrastructure, and other assets unique to Town of Mead.
The results of the social vulnerability assessment are displayed on the map below. On the map, social
vulnerability is represented at the census tract level by 5 classes of vulnerability: Low (bottom 20% of the
county), Medium-Low, Medium, Medium-High, and High (top 20% of the county). The Town of Mead’s
social vulnerability map shows social vulnerability within the community.
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The Town of Mead is characterized by medium-low levels of social vulnerability. Currently, the social
vulnerability indicators that contribute to higher vulnerability to hazards in the town are lower than they
are in the majority of Weld County. This does not mean, however, that there a not any vulnerable
populations living in Mead. Over time, the town should continue to monitor their social vulnerability as
demographic, economic, and housing related conditions change.
Severe Storm (Hail, Lightning, Winter Storm)
Hail
According to NOAA’s Storm Events Database there have been no reported injuries, deaths, property
damage, or crop damage due to hail events in the Town of Mead. There were several hail events that
occurred less than one mile from the town limits, none of which reported injuries, deaths, property
damage, or crop damage. Although there is no historic data showing hazardous impacts on the town,
there is a great potential for hail events to occur at any given time.
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Lightning
NOAA’s Storm Events Database reports no injuries, deaths, property damage, or crop damage caused by
lightning in the Town of Mead. Although there is no historic data showing hazardous impacts on the town,
there is a great potential for lightning to occur at any given time.
Winter Storm
According to NOAA’s Storm Events Database, the Town of Mead has experienced 25 Winter Storms since
1996. On December 28, 2006 there was report of a winter storm causing $102,000 in property damage
in central and southern Weld County. There were no deaths, injuries or damage to crops reported for
any of these storms. The Town of Mead is at high risk of experiencing Winter Storms during the winter
months.
Inventory Exposed
All assets located in the Town of Mead can be considered at risk from severe storms. This includes 3,405
people, or 100% of the town’s population and all buildings and infrastructure within the Town. Damages
primarily occur as a result of high winds, lightning strikes, hail, snow-loading, and flooding. Most
structures, including the town’s critical facilities, should be able to provide adequate protection from hail
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but the structures could suffer broken windows and dented exteriors. Those facilities with back-up
generators are better equipped to handle severe weather situation should the power go out.
Potential Losses
Severe storms affect the entire planning area of the Town of Mead including all above-ground structures
and infrastructure. Although losses to structures are typically minimal and covered by insurance, there
can be impacts with lost time, maintenance costs, and contents within structures. A timely forecast may
not be able to mitigate the property loss, but could reduce the casualties and associated injuries.
It appears possible to forecast these extreme events with some skill, but further research needs to be
done to test the existing hypothesis about the interaction between the convective storm and its
environment that produces the extensive swath of high winds. Severe storms will remain a highly likely
occurrence for the Town of Mead. It is likely that lightning and hail will also be experienced in the area
due to such storms.
Straight-Line Winds & Tornadoes
According to NOAA’s Storm Events Database, no injuries, deaths, property damage, or crop damages have
been recorded within the Town of Mead due to tornadoes. On May 8, 2003 there was a tornado within
the town of Meads corporate limits. There have been tornadoes reported very close to both the eastern
and southern borders of the Town limits. Tornadoes will remain a highly likely occurrence for the Town
of Mead.
According to the best available data, no injuries, deaths, or crop damages have been recorded within the
Town of Mead due to straight-line winds. On June 12, 1994 there were high winds reported within the
town limits that incurred property damages. Straight-line winds will remain a highly likely occurrence for
the Town of Mead.
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Inventory Exposed
All assets located in the Town of Mead can be considered at risk from straight-line winds and tornadoes.
This includes 3,405 people, or 100% of the Town’s population and all buildings and structures within the
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County. Most structures, including the town’s critical facilities, should be able to withstand and provide
adequate protection from severe wind and tornadoes. Those facilities with back-up generators should be
fully equipped to handle severe wind and tornado events should the power go out.
Potential Losses
Generally, straight-line wind events and tornadoes destroy private, commercial, and public property.
Additional costs stem from debris removal, maintenance, repair, and response. Indirect costs include loss
of industrial and commercial productivity as a result of damage to infrastructure, facilities, or interruption
of services. Because no specific, community-wide loss estimation exists for wind and tornado hazards,
potential losses are related to structure value. The building value of the structures in this area amounts
to roughly $340,245,966. Potential losses could be substantial.
Capabilities Assessment
The capability assessment examines the ability of the Town of Mead to implement and manage the
comprehensive mitigation strategy laid out in this Plan. The strengths, weaknesses, and resources of the
community are identified here as a means for evaluating and maintaining effective and appropriate
management of the Town’s hazard mitigation program.
Local Personnel
The ability of a community to implement a comprehensive mitigation strategy depends, in part, on
available resources, including people and staff. The table below outlines the town’s capabilities as they
relate to key personnel.
Full Time Part Time None or Not-Identified
Emergency Manager X
Floodplain
Administrator X
Community Planner X
GIS Specialist X
Grant Writer X
Land Use Planning and Codes
Local land use plans and building codes are tremendous tools for evaluating local policies related to hazard
mitigation and risk reduction. Additionally, comprehensive master plans, capital improvement plans,
stormwater plans and zoning ordinances all present opportunities for enhanced local capabilities. The
table below outlines the town’s current capabilities as they relate to land use planning and codes.
Yes (Y);
No (N);
I don’t know (IDK)
A zoning ordinance Y
A hazard-specific ordinance IDK
Local building codes Y
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A comprehensive plan / master plan Y
A Capital Improvements Plan Y
A Stormwater Plan Y
A Continuity of Operations Plan (COOP) N
An Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) Y
A Long-Term Recovery Plan N
Participates in the NFIP N
Building codes are one tool that communities use to enhance public safety. For example, they can increase
structural integrity, mitigate structure fires, and provide benefits in relation to natural hazard avoidance.
In Colorado, land use regulations and building codes are typically implemented at the local level. Even
without a statewide mandate, most counties and many municipalities have enacted regulations and
codes. The Town of Mead has adopted a local building code requirement, demonstrating their
understanding of the benefits codes provide, including reduced exposure to hazards.
Plan Maintenance and Implementation
The Town of Mead has developed a Plan Maintenance and Implementation Strategy outlining their
method and schedule for keeping the plan current. The Implementation Strategy below also includes a
discussion of how the town will continue public participation in the plan maintenance process.
Jurisdiction Plan Maintenance and Implementation Strategy
Town of Mead
“Our mitigation action plan will be reviewed and updated if needed by our Town
Manager and Public Works Operations Manager on an annual basis. The Board
of Trustees will review the plan anytime it is changed and anytime a new Trustee
joins the Board.”
“Any change to the plan will be posted to our website and at Town Hall in the
Board Packet for the meeting at which the changes will be considered. Members
of the community may contact staff before the meeting or speak up during the
time for public comment at the Board of Trustees meeting.”
Integrating Hazard Mitigation into Local Planning
Through discussions at planning meetings and the use of an online survey, individual outreach, and phone
calls, each participating jurisdiction brainstormed with the planning team to identify processes for
integrating hazard mitigation into their local planning mechanisms and policies. The Town of Ault did not
integrate the 2009 HMP into other local planning mechanisms. The table below lists the specific
integration strategies identified by the Town of Mead based on the mitigation actions listed in this plan.
Jurisdiction Strategy
Town of Mead
“We will identify hazards when we update our comprehensive plan and integrate
mitigation actions into our operations, maintenance, and strategic development
plans.”
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Mitigation Action Guides
The following Mitigation Action Guide presents a status update of Mead’s mitigation action that was
included in previous hazard mitigation plans.
Town of Mead: Communities with NSFHA or Never Mapped should consider joining NFIP for the
availability of insurance, especially if growing/annexing rapidly.
PRIORITY: HIGH HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flooding
LOCATION: Mead GOALS ADDRESSED: 1
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 2004/2009 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: Ongoing
ISSUE: Mead has never been mapped for flood hazards. As such, they chose not to join the NFIP.
Currently, because they do not participate in the NFIP, flood insurance is unavailable to building
owners. However, as communities grow and annex land from the County, they may be acquiring land
that is flood prone or subject to drainage problems. A community can join the NFIP by adopting an
ordinance and agreeing to regulate development in flood prone areas, as indicated on a FEMA-
provided map. Where there is no map, no enforcement is necessary ---- but ---- having adopted the
ordinance will allow building owners to purchase flood insurance if they so choose.
RECOMMENDATION: Communities should contact the CWCB and ask to join the NFIP
ACTION: Communities with NSFHA or Never Mapped should consider joining NFIP for the availability
of insurance, especially if growing/annexing rapidly. In cases where there is a known watercourse
within the existing or expanding community boundaries, the community should request CWCB and/or
FEMA to develop a floodplain map that can be used for regulatory and insurance purposes.
LEAD AGENCY: Communities EXPECTED COST: Staff time only for initial inventory
and discussion of protection methods, and cost-
benefit analysis.
SUPPORT AGENCIES: CWCB, FEMA POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: There is no cost for
the initial inventory and decision-making. Protective
measures should be taken where cost-effective.
PROGRESS MILESTONES: Updated 10/8/2015: Mead adopted floodplain management policies in its
municipal code: Section 16-12. The Town has not joined the NFIP.
The following Mitigation Action Guides each of the community’s new mitigation actions that were
developed for the 2016 Plan.
Town of Mead: Policy Group Training for Elected Officials
PRIORITY: High - 26 HAZARDS ADDRESSED: All
LOCATION: Mead or Weld County GOALS ADDRESSED: 1, 2, 4
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 10/7/2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: B, C
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 12/31/2016
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ISSUE: The Town of Mead does not currently have an emergency preparedness plan. While many of
the tactical and strategic decisions will be handled by partner agencies, such as Mountain View Fire
and Protection District, Weld County OEM, and Weld County Sheriff’s Office, the Town of Mead Board
of Trustees must be prepared to make policy decisions and must undergo training to understand what
a Policy Group is and what its roles are and are not in an emergency.
RECOMMENDATION: Offer Policy Group training to the Town of Mead Board of Trustees.
ACTION: Weld County OEM is considering offering Policy Group training in the winter of 2015/2016. If
they do hold this training, Town of Mead Trustees should attend. If Weld County does not hold this
training, the Town of Mead should invite Dave Burns, City of Evans Emergency Manager, to lead a
training specific to the Town.
LEAD AGENCY: Town of Mead EXPECTED COST: Food, travel expenses, < $350
SUPPORT AGENCIES: Weld County OEM POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: Existing training
budget
PROGRESS MILESTONES:
Town of Mead: Acquire Back-up Power for Public Works
PRIORITY: High - 28 HAZARDS ADDRESSED: All
LOCATION: Town of Mead Public Works GOALS ADDRESSED: 1, 2, 4
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 10/7/2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 12/31/2016
ISSUE: While the Town of Mead Public Works building has a generator for back-up power, it does not
have the capability to connect the generator to the building so that it is effective. If a disaster affects
the power grid, the Public Works building, which is also the main headquarters for all tactical
responses from the Town of Mead, will be rendered useless.
RECOMMENDATION: Use money appropriated to Public Works in the Town of Mead 2016 budget to
equip the Public Works building with access to back-up power.
ACTION: Supply and install 200 amp transfer switch and receptacle for the existing generator to plug
into. This will power the Public Works building in the event of a power outage.
LEAD AGENCY: Town of Mead EXPECTED COST: $2,455.
SUPPORT AGENCIES: None POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: Public Works budget
for 2016
PROGRESS MILESTONES:
Mead: Update Policies and Plans with Mitigation Principles
PRIORITY: High HAZARDS ADDRESSED: All
LOCATION: Mead GOALS ADDRESSED: 1, 2, 4
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RECOMMENDATION DATE: 12/3/2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: C, E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 12/31/2016
ISSUE: The current drainage master plan is out-of-date, and there is no current Wastewater Master
Plan. The Town’s Comprehensive Plan also needs updating. Several area disasters have affected the
surrounding region since the last plans were created, including floods and tornadoes, and the Town
has grown in population, creating new risks and changing the impact of those risks that might have
been previously considered.
RECOMMENDATION: Incorporate mitigation principles into policy documents and plans.
ACTION: Incorporate Town of Mead’s hazard and risk assessment as determined in the 2016 Weld
County Hazard Mitigation Plan into the Town’s Comprehensive Plan Update scheduled for 2016, as
well as into the Drainage Master Plan and Wastewater Master Plan. Consider especially actions that
can be taken to mitigate the high risk hazards of storm, winds, and tornado, as well as the moderate
risks of prairie fire, extreme temperatures, flood, and HAZMAT spills.
LEAD AGENCY: Town of Mead EXPECTED COST: Drainage Master Plan: $70,000
Wastewater Master Plan: $50,000
Comprehensive Plan: $120,000
SUPPORT AGENCIES: POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: Town of Mead
General Fund, Drainage Fund, and Sewer Enterprise
Fund. Comprehensive plan: Department of Local
Affairs Grant
PROGRESS MILESTONES:
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Letter of Intent to Participate
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Town of Milliken
Based on Milliken’s recent comprehensive plan update, Envision Milliken, the town’s vision for growth
and future development is based on eight “guiding principles.” These principles serve as a framework for
organizing planning, goals, policies, and recommended actions to help the community implement its
vision over time. The town’s guiding principles are as follows:
A strong, diversified economic base
A vibrant downtown that functions as the heart of the community
A complete and highly accessible system of parks, open space, trails, and recreational
opportunities
A distinct community identity that reflects Milliken’s cultural, archaeological, historical, and
agricultural resources
A fiscally sustainable pattern of development
A diverse mix of housing types to meet the needs of residents of all ages, incomes, and abilities
A safe and disaster resilient community
A well-connected community
Community Profile
The Town of Milliken was incorporated in 1910. Milliken is approximately 5.7 square miles with no large
bodies of water. The town is primarily a farming community and sits six miles east of Interstate 25 in the
western part of Weld County between the Town of Mead and the City of Greeley.
A large part of Milliken’s planning area is part of a single Planned Unit Development (PUD)—the
Centennial Master Plan—that is being developed incrementally over time. Currently, some portions of the
original PUD are now being rezoned from industrial to multifamily residential use. Agricultural uses make
up a large portion of the overall land use mix in the Town. Preserving and protecting Milliken’s agricultural
heritage continues to be a major priority for the community. As the town continues to grow, it will be
important to balance the need for more land for greenfield development with preserving and protecting
agricultural landscapes and uses.
Some of Milliken’s key planning concerns include:
Population growth: Milliken has seen large amounts of growth since the 1990s, the majority of
which occurred between 1998 and 2005, as the Town increased in population from around 2,000
Milliken is committed to becoming a safer and more disaster resilient community—building on the
strength and resolve demonstrated by Town residents and many community partners in the wake of the
September 2013 flooding. The Town will continue its ongoing efforts to recover and rebuild from the
2013 flooding, while also seeking to minimize risk to life and property in light of possible future natural
or human-caused disasters. Ongoing collaboration and communication with first responders and
residents and a focus on designing new infrastructure to more readily withstand potential hazard events
will increase the Town’s ability to respond to and recover from future events.
– Envision Milliken, Town of Milliken Comprehensive Plan
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residents to over 5,200. This growth is predicted to continue in the future, which raises questions
about whether the town has the land, infrastructure, and resources necessary to support a
projected population increase of approximately 4,000 people in the next 15 years.
A young, but aging population: Milliken is a relatively young community compared to the rest of
Weld County and to Colorado. Overall, the Town has a larger population of young people and a
smaller population of older adults. The majority of Milliken’s population is under the age of 19.
However, the residents of Milliken are getting older, as growth in new residents decreases and
the existing population ages.
Growing Hispanic & Latino community: While the majority of the population identifies as being
white, there is a high concentration of residents of Hispanic or Latino origin living in Milliken.
Efforts are being made to ensure members of this often under-represented community are
included in planning processes and local governance.
The table below summarizes key demographic and development related characteristics of the Town of
Milliken.
Town of Milliken Statistics
Town of Milliken Colorado
Population, 2014 6,091 5,355,866
Population, % change April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014 8.5% 6.5%
% Population under 5 years, 2010 9.6% 6.8%
% Population under 18 years, 2010 32.7% 24.4%
% Population 65 years and over, 2010 6.8% 10.7%
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Language other than English spoken at home, % age 5+,
2009-2013 11.0% 16.8%
Homeownership Rate 78.5% 65.4%
Persons Per Household 3.19 2.53
Persons below poverty level, %, 2009-2013 3.4% 13.2%
Median Household Income, 2009- 2013 $66,134 $58,433
Source: US Census Bureau
Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment
NATURAL HAZARD PROBABILITY IMPACT SPATIAL
EXTENT
WARNING
TIME DURATION RF
RATING
Straight-Line Winds &
Tornadoes 0.90 0.90 0.60 0.40 0.20 3.00
Flood 0.90 0.90 0.60 0.20 0.30 2.90
Severe Storm 1.20 0.60 0.40 0.40 0.20 2.80
Prairie Fire 0.90 0.60 0.40 0.40 0.30 2.60
Land Subsidence 0.60 0.60 0.40 0.40 0.40 2.40
Extreme Temperatures 0.90 0.60 0.40 0.10 0.30 2.30
Drought 0.90 0.30 0.40 0.10 0.40 2.10
HAZMAT 0.60 0.60 0.20 0.40 0.20 2.00
Earthquake 0.90 0.30 0.20 0.40 0.10 1.90
Public Health Hazards 0.30 0.30 0.20 0.10 0.10 1.30
HIGH RISK (2.5 or higher): Straight-Line Winds & Tornadoes; Flood; Severe Storm; Prairie Fire
MODERATE RISK HAZARD (2.0 - 2.4): Land Subsidence; Extreme Temperatures; Drought; HAZMAT
Low Risk (1.9 or lower): Earthquake; Public Health Hazards
Vulnerability Assessment
This section provides a refined vulnerability assessment, specific for the Town of Milliken, for those
hazards that were identified as being rated HIGH in the preceding section. This analysis was conducted
separately from that of the county-wide vulnerability assessment to specifically focus on the population,
structures, infrastructure, and other assets unique to the Town of Milliken.
The results of the social vulnerability assessment are displayed on the map below. On the map, social
vulnerability is represented at the census tract level by 5 classes of vulnerability: Low (bottom 20% of the
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county), Medium-Low, Medium, Medium-High, and High (top 20% of the county). The Town of Milliken’s
social vulnerability map shows social vulnerability within the community.
The Town of Milliken is characterized by medium and medium-high levels of social vulnerability. The
southern area of the town has higher levels of social vulnerability to disasters than the rest of the
community. There is also a pocket of highly socially vulnerable residents in the north east portion of the
town. A closer look at the individual social vulnerability indicators within Milliken will give local emergency
managers, planners, and stakeholders an even clearer picture of where resources should be prioritized in
order to reduce vulnerability in the town. Over time, the town should continue to monitor their social
vulnerability as demographic, economic, and housing related conditions change.
Severe Storm (Hail, Lightning, Winter Storm)
Hail
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According to the best available data there are no reported injuries, deaths, property damage, or crop
damage in the Town of Milliken. There were several hail events that occurred within the town limits as
well as several events less than one mile from the town limits, none of which reported injuries, deaths,
property damage, or crop damage. Although there is no historic data showing hazardous impacts on the
town, there is a great potential for hail events to occur at any given time.
Lightning
According to the National Climatic Data Center Storm Event Database the last recorded lightning strike in
Milliken was on July 30, 2004. There were no injuries, deaths, property damage, or crop damage reported.
Despite limited reporting of lightning strike events, there is potential for lightning to occur at any given
time within the Town of Milliken.
Winter Storm
According to the best available data, the Town of Milliken has experienced 25 Winter Storms since 1996.
On December 28, 2006 there was report of a winter storm causing $102,000 in property damage in central
and southern Weld County. There were no deaths, injuries or damage to crops reported for any of these
storms. The Town of Milliken is at high risk of experiencing Winter Storms during the winter months.
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Inventory Exposed
All assets located in the Town of Milliken can be considered at risk from severe storms. This includes 6,091
people, or 100% of the Town’s population and all buildings and infrastructure within the town. Damages
primarily occur as a result of high winds, lightning strikes, hail, snow-loading, and flooding. Most
structures, including the town’s critical facilities, should be able to provide adequate protection from hail
but the structures could suffer broken windows and dented exteriors. Those facilities with back-up
generators are better equipped to handle severe weather situation should the power go out.
Potential Losses
Severe storms affect the entire planning area of the Town of Milliken including all above-ground structures
and infrastructure. Although losses to structures are typically minimal and covered by insurance, there
can be impacts with lost time, maintenance costs, and contents within structures. A timely forecast may
not be able to mitigate the property loss, but could reduce the casualties and associated injuries.
It appears possible to forecast these extreme events with some skill, but further research needs to be
done to test the existing hypothesis about the interaction between the convective storm and its
environment that produces the extensive swath of high winds. Severe storms will remain a highly likely
occurrence for the Town of Milliken. It is likely that lightning and hail will also be experienced in the area
due to such storms.
Straight-Line Winds & Tornadoes
According to the best available data, 78 injuries, one death, $147,000 property damage, and no crop
damages have been recorded within and near the Town of Milliken due to tornadoes. There have been 5
tornadoes in the Town of Milliken between 1991 and 2008. The most severe being a tornado that
occurred on May 22, 2008. This tornado traveled in a path north to south east and caused damage to not
only the Town of Milliken but also the towns of Windsor, Platteville, Gilcrest, Timnath, and the City of
Greeley. There have been tornadoes reported very close to the Northern, eastern and southern borders
of the Town limits as well. Tornadoes will remain a highly likely occurrence for the Town of Milliken.
According to the best available data, no injuries, deaths, or crop damages have been recorded within the
Town of Milliken due to straight-line winds. On July 23, 1981 there were high winds reported within the
town limits. There have been straight-line winds reported very close to the Northern, eastern and
southern borders of the Town limits as well. Straight-line winds will remain a highly likely occurrence for
the Town of Milliken.
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Inventory Exposed
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All assets located in the Town of Milliken can be considered at risk from straight-line winds and tornadoes.
This includes 6,091 people, or 100% of the town’s population and all buildings and structures within the
County. Most structures, including the town’s critical facilities, should be able to withstand and provide
adequate protection from severe wind and tornadoes. Those facilities with back-up generators should be
fully equipped to handle severe wind and tornado events should the power go out.
Potential Losses
Generally, straight-line wind events and tornadoes destroy private, commercial, and public property.
Additional costs stem from debris removal, maintenance, repair, and response. Indirect costs include loss
of industrial and commercial productivity as a result of damage to infrastructure, facilities, or interruption
of services. Because no specific, community-wide loss estimation exists for wind and tornado hazards,
potential losses are related to structure value. The building value of the structures in this area amounts
to roughly $265,987,214. Potential losses could be substantial.
Flood
In September 2013, Milliken experienced a devastating flooding event. Fifteen inches of rain fell in the
region within a two-day period. This caused the town’s three rivers, the Little and Big Thompson Rivers
and the South Platte River, to reach flood stage levels. Below is a summary of the flood event provided by
the town:
“The flooding impacted a large section of town, and forced the evacuation of residents of a number of
neighborhoods, including the town’s two mobile home parks. Forty three of the mobile homes were
destroyed or severely damaged. The town submitted grant applications to acquire both mobile home
parks, but no funding has been awarded at this point. The floodwaters also damaged important roadways.
During the floods, Milliken was essentially surrounded by water, making leaving or entering the town by
road impossible. Sections of CR 23 and CR 46 were severely damaged and have yet to be fully repaired.
Fortunately, no fatalities were reported in town as a result of the flooding. Sewer backups and failures
occurred as a result of the flooding, both of which have since been replaced or retrofitted.”
The map below shows special flood hazard areas (SFHA) within the town of Milliken. The maximum
inundation extent boundary from the 2013 flood is also depicted on the SFHA map. There is a high
potential for flood events to occur within Milliken at any given time.
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Inventory Exposed
The Hazus-based critical facility and structure exposure analysis estimates that there are no critical
facilities and 2 structures in the Town of Milliken that are flood prone (not including the total miles of
flood prone infrastructure). The appraised value of these exposed structures is approximately $661,639.
Potential Losses
Hazus estimates for the Town of Milliken that for a 100-year flood event, approximately 2 buildings will
experience flood damage. The total economic loss estimated for the 100-year flood is approximately
$8,576.
Hazus estimates the total building losses for the 100-year flood event to be approximately $1,819. Building
content losses are estimated to be higher, at approximately $3,242. Inventory losses are estimated to be
approximately $3,514.
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Prairie Fire
There are a number of areas in the northern region of the town that are within the medium to highest
level on the WUI Risk Index Scale. This means that the potential impact on people and homes from a
prairie fire in those areas is medium to high in relationship to the rest of Weld County. This level of risk is
derived by combining housing density with predicted flame length.
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Inventory Exposed
Fires can extensively impact the economy of an affected area, including the agricultural, recreation and
tourism industries, water resources, and the critical facilities upon which the Town of Milliken depends.
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There are no identified critical facilities, structures or parcels located in areas with the highest wildfire
threat area.
Potential Losses
Currently, there is no method for estimating wildfire loss. In most cases, the emergency management
community equates potential losses to assets exposed to wildfire as a method of quantifying and
comparing potential losses across communities. The exposure data provided in the previous section
(Inventory Assets Exposed) provides the clearest picture of potential losses to wildfire in the Town of
Milliken.
Capabilities Assessment
The capability assessment examines the ability of Milliken to implement and manage the comprehensive
mitigation strategy laid out in this Plan. The strengths, weaknesses, and resources of the community are
identified here as a means for evaluating and maintaining effective and appropriate management of the
Town’s hazard mitigation program.
Local Personnel
The ability of a community to implement a comprehensive mitigation strategy depends, in part, on
available resources, including people and staff. The table below outlines the Town’s current capabilities
as they relate to key personnel.
Full Time Part Time None or Not-Identified
Emergency Manager X
Floodplain Administrator X
Community Planner X
GIS Specialist X
Grant Writer X
Land Use Planning and Codes
Local land use plans and building codes are tremendous tools for evaluating local policies related to hazard
mitigation and risk reduction. Additionally, comprehensive master plans, capital improvement plans,
stormwater plans and zoning ordinances all present opportunities for enhanced local capabilities. The
table below outlines the Town’s current capabilities as they relate to land use planning and codes.
Yes (Y);
No (N);
I don’t know (IDK)
A zoning ordinance Y
A hazard-specific ordinance Y
Local building codes Y
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A comprehensive plan / master plan Y
A Capital Improvements Plan Y
A Stormwater Plan Y
A Continuity of Operations Plan (COOP) N
An Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) Y
A Long-Term Recovery Plan N
Participates in the NFIP Y
Building codes are one tool that communities use to enhance public safety. For example, they can increase
structural integrity, mitigate structure fires, and provide benefits in relation to natural hazard avoidance.
In Colorado, land use regulations and building codes are typically implemented at the local level. Even
without a statewide mandate, most counties and many municipalities have enacted regulations and
codes. The Town of Milliken has adopted a local building code requirement, demonstrating their
understanding of the benefits codes provide, including reduced exposure to hazards.
The Town of Milliken has had previous experience receiving, administering, and applying for grants for
mitigation and planning-related activities or projects. These include:
Grants: HMP, PDM, Public Assistance;
Technical Assistance: CDBG-DR Planning Grant;
Other Funding Opportunities: CDBG-DR, Natural Disaster Infrastructure
Plan Maintenance and Implementation
The Town of Milliken has developed a Plan Maintenance and Implementation Strategy outlining their
method and schedule for keeping the plan current. The Implementation Strategy below also includes a
discussion of how the town will continue public participation in the plan maintenance process.
Jurisdiction Plan Maintenance and Implementation Strategy
Town of Milliken
Our mitigation actions will be reviewed by Town Staff and the Town Board on an
annual basis.
The Town will publicly announce changes to the Mitigation Plan and Updates on
the Town's Website and Newsletter.
Integrating Hazard Mitigation into Local Planning
Since the Town of Milliken’s comprehensive plan was last updated in 2010, the community was heavily
impacted by the 2013 flood. In response to the flood and other growth related issues, the Town kicked
off a Comprehensive Plan and Resiliency Update process (“Envision Milliken”) in early 2015. The Envision
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Milliken process provided an opportunity to check in and ensure the updated plan is aligned with the
community’s interests and overall vision for the town, as well as to identify priorities for implementation.
Envision Milliken builds on the 2010 Comprehensive Plan, as well as a number of other plans and studies
completed by the town, including the Downtown Design Guidelines (2014); Housing Needs Assessment
(2014); Transportation Master Plan (2008); A Plan for the South Platte River Corridor (2013); Water and
Sanitary Sewer Master Plan Update (2014); and Johnstown-Milliken Park, Trails, Recreation & Open Space
Master Plan (2003). The risk assessment used in the Weld County Hazard Mitigation Plan was also
leveraged during the comprehensive planning process.
To further illustrate the town’s commitment to the integration of hazards and land use planning, Milliken’s
Comprehensive Plan articulates the following focus areas in its plan element related to creating a “Safe
and Disaster Resilient Community”:
Directing future growth and investment away from hazard prone areas
Minimizing risk and the effects of future hazard events on essential infrastructure
Promoting emergency preparedness
Improving communication
Increasing community awareness of potential risks
In response to the 2013 Colorado floods, Milliken convened a committee known as BOOST (Building on
our Strengths and Traditions) to consider the town’s long-term flood recovery needs. At the end of a
nearly year-long process, the committee released recommendations in four categories: economic
development, emergency preparedness, housing and infrastructure, and parks, education, recreation,
and culture. To date, these recommendations have not been considered or approved by the Town Board.
Instead, they are being incorporated into the update of the comprehensive plan, so that the document
can better address and promote the resilience of Milliken and its community.
Through discussions at planning meetings and the use of an online survey, individual outreach, and phone
calls, each participating jurisdiction brainstormed with the planning team to identify processes for
integrating hazard mitigation into their local planning mechanisms and policies. The table below lists the
specific integration strategies, in addition to the integration of the Weld County Hazard Mitigation Plan
with Envision Milliken, identified by the town based on the mitigation actions listed in this plan.
Jurisdiction Strategy
Town of Milliken
“The Town will continue to update its zoning ordinances and floodplain
regulations to address our highest risk areas in the community.”
“The Town will continue to use its Stormwater Master Plan as a guide to place
Stormwater Projects into its Capital Improvements Plan.”
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Mitigation Action Guides
The following Mitigation Action Guide presents a status update on the mitigation action that Milliken
included in the 2009 Plan.
Milliken: Continued compliance with the NFIP
PRIORITY: Medium HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flooding
LOCATION: Milliken GOALS ADDRESSED: 1
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 2009 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: Ongoing
ISSUE: As participants in the NFIP the Community will continue to promote wise use of floodplains
through ordinance administration and periodic update, promotion of flood insurance and staff
training, including encouragement of Certified Floodplain Manager status.
RECOMMENDATION: The benefits are to flood prone building owners who choose to insure against
flood losses, and to taxpayers who no longer would be faced with subsidizing those potential losses.
ACTION: Continued compliance with the NFIP
LEAD AGENCY: Floodplain Management
officials
EXPECTED COST: Can be accomplished within existing
budgets
SUPPORT AGENCIES: POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES:
PROGRESS MILESTONES: The Town of Milliken is not participating in the CRS program, however we
are a member of NFIP in good standing. Milliken adopted the model ordinance in April of 2014 as
required by the State of Colorado. The Town of Milliken enforces the floodplain regulations in
accordance with FEMA’s requirements. The Town also conducted an hydrology and hydraulics study
to update the Town’s local floodplain map to include areas that were impacted by the 2013 flood
event.
The following Mitigation Action Guides profile each of the community’s new mitigation actions that were
developed for the 2016 Plan.
Milliken: Josephine Storm Sewer Improvements Project
PRIORITY: #1 HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flood Hazard
LOCATION: Town of Milliken GOALS ADDRESSED: 1
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 8/28/2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 12/29/2017
ISSUE: Josephine Storm Sewer Improvements Project
RECOMMENDATION: Construction of storm sewer pipe, culverts, and channels
ACTION: Solve storm water flooding issues in Central Milliken
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LEAD AGENCY: Town of Milliken Public
Works
EXPECTED COST: $1,700,000
SUPPORT AGENCIES: FEMA, Colorado
Division of Homeland Security and
Emergency Management
POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: FEMA HMGP 75%,
CDHSEM HMGP 12.5%.
PROGRESS MILESTONES: A FEMA HMGP Application was submitted
on 8/28/2014, State Request for Information was submitted on
3/26/2015. The Town is still working with FEMA and the State to get
through the approval process.
Milliken: Acquisition of Flood Prone Lands and Structures
PRIORITY:#2 HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flood Hazard and Other
Hazards
LOCATION: Structures at-risk to the flood
hazard throughout Milliken, including the
town’s two mobile home parks located at
103 and 106 Josephine Avenue
GOALS ADDRESSED: 2
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 8/28/2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 12/31/2017
ISSUE: Various structures at risk for flooding throughout Milliken, including the Evergreen and Martin
Mobile Home Parks that are at risk of flooding from the Little Thompson River
RECOMMENDATION: Acquisition of structures at-risk to the flood hazard, including the Town’s two
mobile home parks, debris removal, and the relocation of tenants
ACTION: Acquisition of structures at risk to flooding throughout Milliken, including the town’s two
mobile home parks, debris removal, and the relocation of tenants
LEAD AGENCY: Town of Milliken
Administration Dept.
EXPECTED COST: $2,500,000
SUPPORT AGENCIES: FEMA HMGP, CDHSEM POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: FEMA HMGP 75%,
CDHSEM 12.5%
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Progress Milestones: FEMA HMGP Application was submitted on
8/28/2014. The State Request for Information was submitted on
3/26/2015. The FEMA Request for Information was submitted on
9/19/2015.
Milliken: Procurement and Installation of Tornado Sirens
PRIORITY: #3 HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Tornado/Wind Hazard
LOCATION: Town of Milliken GOALS ADDRESSED: 1
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 9/1/2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 12/29/2017
ISSUE: Warn public regarding pending tornadoes and high wind events
RECOMMENDATION: Install additional warning sirens within Milliken to increase Tornado Warnings
capabilities
ACTION: Install additional tornado sirens throughout Milliken
LEAD AGENCY: Town of Milliken Police and
Fire Department
EXPECTED COST:$60,000 -$100,000
SUPPORT AGENCIES: FEMA, Colorado
Division of Homeland Security and
Emergency Management
POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: FEMA HMGP 75%,
CDHSEM HMGP 12.5%.
PROGRESS MILESTONES: The Town of Milliken
identified several proposed locations for the
placement of warning sirens on 9/1/2015
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Milliken: Generators for Public Buildings
PRIORITY: #4 HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Tornado/Wind/Flood/Winter
Storm Hazards
LOCATION: Town of Milliken GOALS ADDRESSED: 1
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 9/1/2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 12/29/2017
ISSUE: Ensure public buildings, shelters, and critical facilities remain operational in the event of power
failure post disaster
RECOMMENDATION: Determine required size/wattage and install generators for public buildings,
shelters, and critical facilities
ACTION: Prioritize, determine required size/wattage and install generators for public buildings,
shelters, and critical facilities
LEAD AGENCY: Town of Milliken Public
Works and Milliken Police Department
EXPECTED COST: Varies depending upon the facility
SUPPORT AGENCIES: FEMA, Colorado
Division of Homeland Security and
Emergency Management
POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: FEMA HMGP 75%,
CDHSEM HMGP 12.5%.
PROGRESS MILESTONES: The Town of Milliken is in the
process of prioritizing public buildings, shelters, and
critical facilities that require a generator 9/1/2015.
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Milliken: Storm Water Improvements Throughout Milliken
PRIORITY: #5 HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flood Hazard
LOCATION: Town of Milliken GOALS ADDRESSED: 2
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 9/1/2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 12/29/2017
ISSUE: Identify storm drainage problem areas throughout the Town of Milliken
RECOMMENDATION: Prioritize and identify storm drainage problem areas throughout Milliken
ACTION: Construct storm drainage improvements throughout Milliken
LEAD AGENCY: Town of Milliken Public
Works
EXPECTED COST: $20,000,000
SUPPORT AGENCIES: FEMA, Colorado
Division of Homeland Security and
Emergency Management, Colorado Water
Board
POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: FEMA HMGP,
CDHSEM HMGP 12.5%.
PROGRESS MILESTONES: The Town adopted a Strom Drainage Plan on
November 25, 2014 that identified over $20,000,000 in storm
drainage projects for the Town of Milliken. The Town of Milliken also
established a Storm Water Utility Fee on December 10, 2014 to
ensure the community has adequate money set aside to address its
storm drainage needs.
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Milliken: Tornado Shelters in Public Buildings and Parks
PRIORITY: #6 HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Tornado/Wind Hazard
LOCATION: Town of Milliken GOALS ADDRESSED: 1
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 9/1/2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 12/29/2020
ISSUE: Protect the public and prevent the loss of life from tornadoes/wind hazard events
RECOMMENDATION: Construct tornado shelters in existing or new public buildings, parks, schools, etc.
ACTION: Construct tornado shelters in heavily utilized public buildings or parks to prevent the loss of
life.
LEAD AGENCY: Town of Milliken EXPECTED COST:$500,000 - $2,000,000
SUPPORT AGENCIES: FEMA, Colorado Division of
Homeland Security and Emergency
Management
POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: FEMA HMGP 75%,
CDHSEM HMGP 12.5%.
Progress Milestones: The Town of Milliken is currently assessing
possible locations for tornado shelters. The Town shall also assess
the possibility of constructing tornado shelters in newly
constructed public buildings.
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Letter of Intent to Participate
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Town of Pierce
Community Profile
The Town of Pierce was incorporated in 1918. As a key railroad stop, it became a local shipping point for
cattle, sheep, potatoes, beans, and sugar beets. Pierce was the second station in Weld County on the
Denver Pacific Railroad in 1869 and had a section house, water tank and siding. The town was named after
General John Pierce who was the surveyor general for the Colorado Territory who later became the 4th
President of the D.P.R.R. Today, Pierce is described as a rural agricultural community along U.S Highway
85, north of Greeley.
The table below summarizes key demographic and development related characteristics of the Town of
Pierce.
Town of Pierce Statistics
Town of Pierce Colorado
Population, 2014 871 5,355,866
Population, % change April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014 4.3% 6.5%
% Population under 5 years, 2010 6.7% 6.8%
% Population under 18 years, 2010 29.1% 24.4%
% Population 65 years and over, 2010 12.7% 10.7%
Language other than English spoken at home, % age 5+,
2009-2013 11.1% 16.8%
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Homeownership Rate 78.8% 65.4%
Persons Per Household 2.67 2.53
Persons below poverty level, %, 2009-2013 4.0% 13.2%
Median Household Income, 2009- 2013 $54,185 $58,433
Source: US Census Bureau
Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment
NATURAL HAZARD PROBABILITY IMPACT SPATIAL
EXTENT
WARNING
TIME DURATION RF
RATING
Severe Storm 1.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.2 2.400
Straight-Line Winds and
Tornadoes 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.4 2.000
Prairie Fire 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.4 1.800
Extreme Temperatures 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.3 1.800
Flood 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 1.700
Drought 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.1 1.500
HAZMAT 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.1 1.500
Public Health Hazard 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 1.300
Land Subsidence 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 1.300
Earthquake 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 1.000
HIGH RISK (2.5 or higher): NONE
MODERATE RISK HAZARD (2.0 - 2.4): Straight-Line Winds and Tornadoes; Severe Storm
Low Risk (1.9 or lower): Prairie Fire; Extreme Temperatures; Flood; Drought; HAZMAT; Public
Health Hazard; Land Subsidence; Earthquake
Vulnerability Assessment
This section provides a refined vulnerability assessment, specific for the Town of Pierce. This analysis was
conducted separately from that of the county-wide vulnerability assessment to specifically focus on the
population, structures, infrastructure, and other assets unique to the Town of Town of Pierce.
The results of the social vulnerability assessment are displayed on the map below. On the map, social
vulnerability is represented at the census tract level by 5 classes of vulnerability: Low (bottom 20% of the
county), Medium-Low, Medium, Medium-High, and High (top 20% of the county). The Town of Pierce’s
social vulnerability map shows social vulnerability within the community.
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
The Town of Pierce is characterized by a uniform level of medium social vulnerability. Although this is not
a high level of vulnerability, it is important that the town take efforts to understand what elements of the
social vulnerability index contribute the most to their slightly elevated score. In doing so, the town will be
able to manage those risk factors and reduce their social vulnerability over time.
Capabilities Assessment
The capability assessment examines the ability of the Town of Pierce to implement and manage the
comprehensive mitigation strategy laid out in this Plan. The strengths, weaknesses, and resources of the
community are identified here as a means for evaluating and maintaining effective and appropriate
management of the town’s hazard mitigation program.
Local Personnel
The ability of a community to implement a comprehensive mitigation strategy depends, in part, on
available resources, including people and staff. The table below outlines the town’s capabilities as they
relate to key personnel.
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Full Time Part Time None or Not-Identified
Emergency Manager X
Floodplain Administrator X
Community Planner X
GIS Specialist X
Grant Writer X
Land Use Planning and Codes
Local land use plans and building codes are tremendous tools for evaluating local policies related to hazard
mitigation and risk reduction. Additionally, comprehensive master plans, capital improvement plans,
stormwater plans and zoning ordinances all present opportunities for enhanced local capabilities. The
table below outlines the town’s current capabilities as they relate to land use planning and codes.
Yes (Y);
No (N);
I don’t know (IDK)
A zoning ordinance Y
A hazard-specific ordinance N
Local building codes Y
A comprehensive plan / master plan Y
A Capital Improvements Plan N
A Stormwater Plan IDK
A Continuity of Operations Plan (COOP) N
An Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) N
A Long-Term Recovery Plan N
Participates in the NFIP Y
Building codes are one tool that communities use to enhance public safety. For example, they can increase
structural integrity, mitigate structure fires, and provide benefits in relation to natural hazard avoidance.
In Colorado, land use regulations and building codes are typically implemented at the local level. Even
without a statewide mandate, most counties and many municipalities have enacted regulations and
codes. Town of Pierce has adopted a local building code requirement, demonstrating their understanding
of the benefits codes provide, including reduced exposure to hazards.
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Plan Maintenance and Implementation
The Town of Pierce has developed a Plan Maintenance and Implementation Strategy outlining their
method and schedule for keeping the plan current. The Implementation Strategy below also includes a
discussion of how the town will continue public participation in the plan maintenance process.
Jurisdiction Plan Maintenance and Implementation Strategy
Town of Pierce
The plan and mitigation actions will undergo periodic board review; we will
form a public safety committee to review mitigation action progress over
time.
We will ensure continued public participation through the formation of Pierce
Public Safety Committee, website updates, a town board review
Integrating Hazard Mitigation into Local Planning
Through discussions at planning meetings and the use of an online survey, individual outreach, and phone
calls, each participating jurisdiction brainstormed with the planning team to identify processes for
integrating hazard mitigation into their local planning mechanisms and policies. The Town of Pierce did
not integrate the 2009 HMP into other local planning mechanisms. The table below lists the specific
integration strategies identified by the Town of Pierce based on the mitigation actions listed in this plan.
Jurisdiction Strategy
Town of Pierce “We will continue to adhere to FEMA flood zone restrictions.”
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Mitigation Action Guides
The following Mitigation Action Guide presents a status update of Pierce’s mitigation action that was
included in the 2009 Plan.
Town of Pierce: Continued compliance with the NFIP
PRIORITY: Medium HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flooding
LOCATION: Town of Pierce GOALS ADDRESSED: 1, 2
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 2009 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: Ongoing
ISSUE: As participants in the NFIP the Community will continue to promote wise use of floodplains
through ordinance administration and periodic update, promotion of flood insurance and staff
training, including encouragement of Certified Floodplain Manager status.
RECOMMENDATION: The benefits are to flood prone building owners who choose to insure against
flood losses, and to taxpayers who no longer would be faced with subsidizing those potential losses.
ACTION: Continued compliance with the NFIP
LEAD AGENCY: Floodplain Management
officials
EXPECTED COST: Can be accomplished within existing
budgets
SUPPORT AGENCIES: POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES:
PROGRESS MILESTONES: The town of Pierce adopted the model ordinance in 2014, and enforces
floodplain regulations in accordance with FEMA’s requirements.
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The following Mitigation Action Guide profiles the community’s new mitigation action that was
developed for the 2016 Plan.
Town of Pierce: Community Preparedness Education
PRIORITY: High HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Drought, Earthquake, Land
Subsidence, Extreme Temperatures, Flood, Severe
Storm, Wind & Tornado, Fire, Public Health, Hazmat
LOCATION: Town of Pierce GOALS ADDRESSED: 1,3
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 10.06.2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: A, B
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 10.06.2020
ISSUE: There are many emergency management issues that need to be reinforced with public
education so that citizens know what risks they face, what protective actions they can take, and what
government programs are in place to assist them.
RECOMMENDATION: The potential for saving just one life, and providing time for individuals and
businesses to take effective protective actions, outweighs the potential cost of the public education
program. Public Education may be the most effective and least-expensive way to reduce disaster
losses by changing human behavior to promote appropriate actions
ACTION: Establish an ongoing or annual Public Education campaign regarding Hazards and Emergency
Management
LEAD AGENCY: Town of Pierce EXPECTED COST: $2,500 for printing and distribution
costs
SUPPORT AGENCIES: County Emergency
Management, First Responder Agencies,
State DHSEM, FEMA
POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES HMPG, SHSG, Local
budgets and private partner cost share.
PROGRESS MILESTONES: Since 2009, Weld County OEM and many participating jurisdictions have
continued to make public preparedness outreach and education a priority. The Town of Pierce will
continue to work with Weld County OEM on community preparedness education and hazard
identification.
Jurisdiction or Organization: Town of Pierce Drainage County road 88/Hwy 85
PRIORITY: high HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flood, Storm water
LOCATION: Pierce GOALS ADDRESSED: 1,2,3,4
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 1/1/2016 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: D,E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 2020
ISSUE: The Town of Pierce has a Comprehensive Plan identifying storm drainage issues and goals. The
primary goal is to preserve flood plains and natural drainage ways in the Pierce planning area.
Drainage at County Road 88 and Highway 85 requires a larger engineered culvert to prevent standing
water on the street and nearby properties.
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
RECOMMENDATION : The Town of Pierce is working jointly with Weld County to engineer a larger
culvert to drain storm water under County Road 88 and allow it to flow down the natural drainage
area. Agreements with the State of Colorado, City of Thornton and Collins Lateral may be necessary to
help direct the drainage to the proper natural areas.
ACTION: This is a high priority currently being planned in conjunction with Weld County to engineer a
culvert large enough to drain storm water and direct it to a ditch system approximately ¾ mile away.
LEAD AGENCY: Town of Pierce EXPECTED COST: Storm drainage improvements in the vicinity
of US85 and County Road 88. Installation, agreements, and
engineered design directing the flow to a ditch system
approximately ¾ mile. $500,000
SUPPORT AGENCIES: Weld County POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: Pierce charges drainage fees.
PROGRESS MILESTONES
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Letter of Intent to Participate
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Town of Platteville
“The Platteville community seeks orderly and sustainable growth, while preserving Town traditions and
the small town lifestyle. The community is committed to fostering a strong local economy and wishes to
develop into a full-service community given its easy access to DIA and I-25.”
— Town of Platteville Comprehensive Plan (2015)
Platteville wishes to foster its reputation as a Town where citizens can live, work, and run a business in a
safe environment. The old town area serves as a vital center for the community, providing churches, parks,
ball fields, library, museums, and Town Hall. For a town of its size, there are ample recreational
opportunities for all ages, which the community wishes to enhance as it develops.
The public and private sectors have an interest in assuring that the Town grows in an orderly and efficient
manner. Currently, the 2015 Comprehensive Plan outlines a path forward for achieving efficiency in
growth. It identifies existing and projected community issues, focuses public resources through its
principles and policies, and outlines a course of action that provides the Town with a ‘road map’ to
accommodate growth and community change.
Community Profile
Platteville is one of the oldest communities in Weld County. It is located along the east bank of the South
Platte River at the intersection of US Highway 85 and Colorado Highway 66. Located at an elevation of
4,825 feet, Platteville is approximately 1.48 square miles in size. Platteville was founded in 1871, after the
Denver Pacific Railroad reached the area. The town’s origins are traced back to Fort Vasquez, an important
1830’s fur trading post. The Platte River's fertile valley has long been known for its livestock and poultry,
with over 200 farms now located in the surrounding area. The Town of Platteville is best described as a
community that cherishes its small town atmosphere.23 The physical attributes that contributes to the
small town atmosphere, as defined by residents of Platteville, include “a variety of distinct neighborhoods,
the South Platte River Corridor, abundant open space, opportunities for additional parks and trails
particularly next to the existing ball field and along the South Platte River.”
23 Town of Platteville Comprehensive Plan (2015)
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Town of Platteville Statistics
Town of Platteville Colorado
Population, 2010 2,485 5,029,196
2000-2010 Population Change, % 4.6% 14.5%
% Population under 5 years, 2010 8% 6.8%
% Population under 19 years, 2010 25.9% 20.3
% Population 65 years and over, 2010 9.5% 10.9%
Language other than English spoken at home, % age 5+,
2009-2013 23.7% 15.9%
Homeownership Rate 2010 74.2% 65.5%
Persons Per Household 2010 2.9 2.57
Persons below poverty level, %, 2013 16% 13.2%
Median Household Income, 2013 $55,052 $58,433
Source: US Census Bureau
Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment
NATURAL HAZARD PROBABILITY IMPACT SPATIAL
EXTENT
WARNING
TIME DURATION RF
RATING
Severe Storm 0.90 0.90 0.40 0.40 0.30 2.90
Straight-Line Winds &
Tornadoes 0.90 0.90 0.60 0.40 0.10 2.90
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
HAZMAT 0.90 0.60 0.40 0.40 0.10 2.40
Prairie Fire 0.90 0.60 0.40 0.40 0.10 2.40
Public Health Hazards 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.40 0.10 2.30
Extreme Temperatures 0.90 0.60 0.40 0.10 0.10 2.10
Flood 0.60 0.60 0.40 0.20 0.10 1.90
Drought 0.90 0.30 0.400 0.10 0.10 1.80
Land Subsidence 0.30 0.30 0.200 0.30 0.10 1.20
Earthquake 0.30 0.30 0.200 0.10 0.10 1.00
HIGH RISK (2.5 or higher): Severe Storm; Straight-Line Winds & Tornadoes
MODERATE RISK HAZARD (2.0 - 2.4): HAZMAT; Prairie Fire; Public Health Hazards; Extreme
Temperatures
Low Risk (1.9 or lower): Flood; Drought; Land Subsidence; Earthquake
Vulnerability Assessment
This section provides a refined vulnerability assessment, specific for the Town of Platteville, for those
hazards that were identified as being rated HIGH in the preceding section. This analysis was conducted
separately from that of the county-wide vulnerability assessment to specifically focus on the population,
structures, infrastructure, and other assets unique to the Town of Platteville.
The results of the social vulnerability assessment are displayed on the map below. On the map, social
vulnerability is represented at the census tract level by 5 classes of vulnerability: Low (bottom 20% of the
county), Medium-Low, Medium, Medium-High, and High (top 20% of the county). The Town of Platteville’s
social vulnerability map shows social vulnerability within the community.
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
The Town of Platteville is characterized by medium-high levels of social vulnerability. Currently, the
socioeconomic indicators that contribute to elevated vulnerability to disasters are higher in Platteville
than they are in the majority of Weld County. These conditions warrant a closer look at the individual
social vulnerability indicators within the town. This will give local emergency managers, planners, and
stakeholders a clearer picture of where resources should be allocated in order to better manage the
challenge of high social vulnerability to hazards. Additionally, the Town of Platteville should continue to
monitor their progress as demographic, economic, and housing related conditions change over time.
Severe Storm (Hail, Lightning, Winter Storm)
Hail
According to NOAA’s Storm Events Database there have been no reported injuries, deaths, property
damage, or crop damage in the Town of Platteville from hail events. There were three hail events reported
within the town limits as well as several hail events that occurred less than one mile from the town limits,
none of which reported injuries, deaths, property damage, or crop damage. Although there is no historic
data showing hazardous impacts on the town, there is a great potential for hail events to occur at any
given time within the town’s jurisdictional boundaries.
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Lightning
According to NOAA’s Storm Events Database there have been no reported injuries, deaths, property
damage, or crop damage in the Town of Platteville from lightning. However, there still exists great
potential for Lightning to occur at any given time within the Town of Platteville.
Winter Storm
According to NOAA’s Storm Events Database, the Town of Platteville has experienced 25 Winter Storms
since 1996. On December 28, 2006 there was report of a winter storm causing $102,000 in property
damage in central and southern Weld County. There were no deaths, injuries or damage to crops
reported for any of these storms. The Town of Platteville at high risk of experiencing Winter Storms during
the winter months.
Inventory Exposed
All assets located in the Town of Platteville can be considered at risk from severe storms. This includes
2,485 people, or 100% of the town’s population and all buildings and infrastructure within the Town.
Damages primarily occur as a result of high winds, lightning strikes, hail, snow-loading, and flooding. Most
structures, including the town’s critical facilities, should be able to provide adequate protection from hail
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but the structures could suffer broken windows and dented exteriors. Those facilities with back-up
generators are better equipped to handle severe weather situation should the power go out.
Potential Losses
Severe storms affect the entire planning area of the Town of Platteville including all above-ground
structures and infrastructure. Although losses to structures are typically minimal and covered by
insurance, there can be impacts with lost time, maintenance costs, and contents within structures. A
timely forecast may not be able to mitigate the property loss, but could reduce the casualties and
associated injuries.
It appears possible to forecast these extreme events with some skill, but further research needs to be
done to test the existing hypothesis about the interaction between the convective storm and its
environment that produces the extensive swath of high winds. Severe storms will remain a highly likely
occurrence for the Town of Platteville. It is likely that lightning and hail will also be experienced in the
area due to such storms.
Straight-Line Winds & Tornadoes
According to the best available data, no injuries, no death, $8,000 worth of property damage, and no crop
damages have been recorded within the Town of Platteville due to tornadoes. There have been 6
tornadoes in the Town of Platteville between 1976 and 1999. Moreover, there have been tornadoes
reported very close to the northern, eastern, southern, and western borders of the Town limits. Based on
historical data, tornadoes will remain a highly likely occurrence for the Town of Platteville.
According to the best available data, no injuries, deaths, or crop damages have been recorded within the
Town of Platteville due to straight-line winds. There were three high wind events reported within the
town limits between 1976 and 1994. There have been straight-line winds reported very close to the
northern, western and southern borders of the town limits as well. Straight-line winds will remain a highly
likely occurrence for the Town of Platteville.
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Inventory Exposed
All assets located in the Town of Platteville can be considered at risk from straight-line winds and
tornadoes. This includes 2,485 people, or 100% of the town’s population and all buildings and structures
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
within the County. Most structures, including the town’s critical facilities, should be able to withstand and
provide adequate protection from severe wind and tornadoes. Those facilities with back-up generators
should be fully equipped to handle severe wind and tornado events should the power go out.
Potential Losses
Generally, straight-line wind events and tornadoes destroy private, commercial, and public property.
Additional costs stem from debris removal, maintenance, repair, and response. Indirect costs include loss
of industrial and commercial productivity as a result of damage to infrastructure, facilities, or interruption
of services. Because no specific, community-wide loss estimation exists for wind and tornado hazards,
potential losses are related to structure value. The building value of the structures in this area amounts
to roughly $86,514,241. Potential losses could be substantial.
Flood
Although flood was identified as low risk in the Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment, it is being
included with the high vulnerability hazards due to the Town of Platteville’s close proximity to the South
Platte River. According to the best available data there are no reported injuries or deaths in the Town of
Platteville caused by flooding. Due to the towns close proximity to the South Platte River, there is a
possibility for a flood event to occur at any given time.
There have been two recorded flood events since 1996 in the town of Platteville. The first occurred
September 26, 2012 and was categorized as a flash flood. This flood cause $15,000 in property damage
and $10,000 in crop damage. The second flood occurred on September 12, 2013 and was categorized as
a fast-moving flash flood.
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Inventory Exposed
The critical facility and structure exposure analysis estimates that there are no critical facilities and 14
structures in the Town of Platteville that are flood prone (not including the total miles of flood prone
infrastructure). The appraised value of these exposed structures is approximately $1,972,746.
Potential Losses
Hazus estimates for the Town of Platteville that for a 100-year flood event, approximately 14 buildings
will experience flood damage. The total economic loss estimated for the 100-year flood is approximately
$248,084. Currently, there are no critical facilities located within the floodplain in the town of Platteville.
The total building losses for the 100-year flood event are estimated to be approximately $204,738.
Building content losses are estimated to be approximately $43,347.
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Capabilities Assessment
The capability assessment examines the ability of the Town of Platteville to implement and manage the
comprehensive mitigation strategy laid out in this Plan. The strengths, weaknesses, and resources of the
community are identified here as a means for evaluating and maintaining effective and appropriate
management of the Town’s hazard mitigation program.
Local Personnel
The ability of a community to implement a comprehensive mitigation strategy depends, in part, on
available resources, including people and staff. The table below outlines the Town’s capabilities as they
relate to key personnel.
Full Time Part Time None or Not-Identified
Emergency Manager X
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Floodplain Administrator X
Community Planner X
GIS Specialist X
Grant Writer X
In Platteville, The Town Manager serves as the Emergency Manager, Floodplain Administrator & grant
writer. The Town contracts for planning services as needed.
Land Use Planning and Codes
Local land use plans and building codes are tremendous tools for evaluating local policies related to hazard
mitigation and risk reduction. Additionally, comprehensive master plans, capital improvement plans,
stormwater plans and zoning ordinances all present opportunities for enhanced local capabilities. The
table below outlines the town’s current capabilities as they relate to land use planning and codes.
Yes (Y);
No (N);
I don’t know (IDK)
A zoning ordinance Y
A hazard-specific ordinance N
Local building codes Y
A comprehensive plan / master plan Y
A Capital Improvements Plan Y
A Stormwater Plan Y
A Continuity of Operations Plan (COOP) N
An Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) Y*
A Long-Term Recovery Plan N
Participates in the NFIP Y
*The emergency operations plan is outdated and is being updated this winter (2015). The Town Engineer
will complete a Master Storm Drainage Plan in 2016.
Building codes are one tool that communities use to enhance public safety. For example, they can increase
structural integrity, mitigate structure fires, and provide benefits in relation to natural hazard avoidance.
In Colorado, land use regulations and building codes are typically implemented at the local level. Even
without a statewide mandate, most counties and many municipalities have enacted regulations and
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
codes. Town of Platteville has adopted a local building code requirement, demonstrating their
understanding of the benefits codes provide, including reduced exposure to hazards.
The Town of Platteville has had previous experience receiving, administering, and applying for grants for
mitigation and planning-related activities or projects. These include:
Grants: A DOLA Grant in 2010 for Comprehensive Plan Update & 2014 for Master Storm Drainage Plan.
Plan Maintenance and Implementation
The Town of Platteville has developed a Plan Maintenance and Implementation Strategy outlining their
method and schedule for keeping the plan current. The Implementation Strategy below also includes a
discussion of how the town will continue public participation in the plan maintenance process.
Jurisdiction Plan Maintenance and Implementation Strategy
Town of Platteville
The Plan will be incorporated into the Town's Emergency Management Plan
and reviewed annually by the Town Board and respective staff.
The Plan will be available for public review at Town Hall and on the Town's
website. Annual public meetings will be held to discuss priorities, amendments
or other actions related to the Plan.
Integrating Hazard Mitigation into Local Planning
Through discussions at planning meetings and the use of an online survey, individual outreach, and phone
calls, each participating jurisdiction brainstormed with the planning team to identify processes for
integrating hazard mitigation into their local planning mechanisms and policies. The Town of Platteville
did not integrate the 2009 HMP into other local planning mechanisms. The table below lists the specific
integration strategies identified by the Town of Platteville based on the mitigation actions listed in this
plan.
Jurisdiction Strategy
Town of Platteville
“Identified high risk hazards will be incorporated into the Town's Capital
Improvement Plan. Zoning regulations will be reviewed and updated to address
specific hazard mitigation sections.”
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Mitigation Action Guides
The following Mitigation Action Guides present status updates on each of the community’s mitigation
actions included in the 2009 Plan.
Platteville: Continued compliance with the NFIP
PRIORITY: Medium HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flooding
LOCATION: Platteville GOALS ADDRESSED: 1, 4
RECOMMENDATION DATE: Ongoing OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: Pages 508-509
ISSUE: As participants in the NFIP the Community will continue to promote wise use of floodplains
through ordinance administration and periodic update, promotion of flood insurance and staff
training, including encouragement of Certified Floodplain Manager status.
RECOMMENDATION: The benefits are to floodprone building owners who choose to insure against
flood losses, and to taxpayers who no longer would be faced with subsidizing those potential losses.
ACTION:
LEAD AGENCY: Floodplain Management
officials
EXPECTED COST: Can be accomplished within existing
budgets
SUPPORT AGENCIES: POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES:
PROGRESS MILESTONES: The Town of Platteville continues to participate in FEMA’s NFIP Program.
The model ordinance was adopted in 2014 and the town continues to enforce floodplain regulations.
The following Mitigation Action Guides each of the community’s new mitigation actions that were
developed for the 2016 Plan.
Town of Platteville: Early warning system for various hazards
PRIORITY: Medium HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flood, Wind & Tornado, Public
Health
LOCATION: Town GOALS ADDRESSED: 1, 2
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 10/20/2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: Ongoing
ISSUE: Town citizens require a reliable early warning system for various hazards including flooding,
severe storms, tornadoes and high winds along with general public health hazmat situations.
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
RECOMMENDATION: Continue improving existing emergency warning systems while updating
emergency management plans and educating the community on such plans.
ACTION: Maintain and improve existing systems (install early warning siren system, implement
emergency phone notification system) & update Emergency Management Plan
LEAD AGENCY: Town Administration EXPECTED COST: TBD
SUPPORT AGENCIES: Police & Public Works
Departments
POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: Capital Improvement
Fund, State and Federal Funding Sources
PROGRESS MILESTONES: Will review Emergency Management Plans with community annually.
Jurisdiction or Organization: Town of Platteville
PRIORITY: Ongoing Program HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flood, Severe Storm,
LOCATION: Platteville GOALS ADDRESSED: 1
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 12.1.2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 12.1.2018
ISSUE: : Improve and enhance reliable early warning systems for the community to mitigate various
hazards including flooding, severe storms, tornados and high winds along with general public health
hazmat situations.
RECOMMENDATION: Continue improving existing emergency warning systems while educating the
community on such plans to mitigate potential impacts. Establish another (4th) early warning siren
on the north side of the community to enhance warning notifications to the residents & businesses as
the community grows and expands. Expand the use of the emergency phone notification system to
maximize potential in mitigating hazards. By improving and expanding the early warning systems the
Town's vision of growth that was identified in the 2010 Comprehensive Plan Update will be enhanced
with fewer concerns of potential hazard impacts.
ACTION: Maintain and improve current early warning systems.
LEAD AGENCY: Town Administration EXPECTED COST: 25,000.00
SUPPORT AGENCIES: Public Works, Planning,
Police, Fire District.
POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: Capital Improvement
Fund, General Fund, State and Federal Funding
Sources.
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WELD COUNTY 2016 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
PROGRESS MILESTONES: The Town of Platteville has significantly improved it's ability to reduce and
mitigate hazardous situations within the community and surrounding area during recent years by
implementing early warning notifications systems (2009 & 2014), a major milestone will be installing a
4th siren on the north side of the community.
Jurisdiction or Organization: Town of Platteville
PRIORITY: Ongoing Program HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flood, Severe Storm,
LOCATION: Platteville GOALS ADDRESSED: 1, 2
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 12.1.2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: C, E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 12.1.2018
ISSUE: : The Town of Platteville has significantly improved it's ability to reduce and mitigate
hazardous situations within the community and surrounding area during recent years by
implementing early warning notifications systems (2009 & 2014),
RECOMMENDATION: In 2015 the Town applied for and received DOLA funding to assist in completing
a Master Storm Drainage Study. The study is expected to be completed in 2016 and will provide
valuable information to identify potential storm drainage and flooding issues within the community.
The study will be used by the Town's engineer and Public Works Director to mitigate current flooding
and storm drainage concerns while developing long-term mitigation plans for future development and
growth in areas identified in the 2010 Comprehensive Plan Update.
ACTION: In 2015 the Town applied for and received DOLA funding to assist in completing a Master
Storm Drainage Study. The study is expected to be completed in 2016 and will provide valuable
information to identify potential storm drainage and flooding issues within the community. The
study will be used by the Town's engineer and Public Works Director to mitigate current flooding and
storm drainage concerns while developing long-term mitigation plans for future development and
growth in areas identified in the 2010 Comprehensive Plan Update.
LEAD AGENCY: Town Administration EXPECTED COST: 80,000.00
SUPPORT AGENCIES: State Planning,
Engineering, Public Works
POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: Capital Improvement
Fund, General Fund, State and Federal Funding
Sources.
PROGRESS MILESTONES: Completing a Master Storm Drainage Plan and updating existing emergency
management plans and systems in 2016 will assist in ongoing hazardous mitigation efforts for the
Town of Platteville. Utilizing the hazard analysis developed in the Hazard Mitigation plan will provide
supporting documentation to update the Emergency Operation Plan.
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Letter of Intent to Participate
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Town of Severance
“We understand that growth creates impacts on our community including impacts on our infrastructure,
traffic among others. However, we also recognize that growth brings opportunity that can improve our
sense of community, quality of life, business opportunities. [...] The elements of our community that we
hold dear and want to preserve include the lifestyle associated with living in a small town along
Colorado’s northern front range which includes the enjoyment of the natural features of the landscape
that surrounds us, including the gentle rolling hills, vistas of the snow-capped Rockies, and an
abundance of small lakes and water ways that surround us, our quiet hometown character, clean air,
open views, proximity and the ease of access to adjacent urban center for culture and entertainment,
our safe neighborhoods with low crime, our new high quality schools, our closely tied friendly
community where neighbors know each other and build ties with each other, and our financially stable
community.”
– Severance Hometown Vision, Comprehensive Plan 2011
Community Profile
The Town of Severance is located approximately 10 miles east of Fort Collins, 7 miles north of Windsor
and 10 miles northwest of Greeley. Severance has a total area of 2.1 square miles and is located at an
elevation of 4,888 feet above sea level. Severance was founded in the late 19th century as an agricultural
community, the town remained primarily a small rural farming community based on the raising of cattle,
sugar beets, potatoes, and onions. In the 1990s it began to grow aggressively by the construction of new
residential subdivisions in the nearby rural areas of Weld County, especially as growth spilled over from
nearby Windsor. The construction of new residential communities near the town has left the original
agricultural community surrounded by modern construction and contributed to an upsurge in population.
Severance is served by two State Highways and numerous county roads, which offer easy motoring to
Interstate 25 and all points beyond. Its internal roadways are well maintained and offer unbridled
recreation access to other Northern communities. As development occurs a pedestrian and bicycle
pathway will connect with Windsor's trail network.
The Town currently maintains five parks spread throughout many neighborhoods. A trail system is being
developed that will hook into regional trail systems in the future. The surrounding area is home to prime
waterfowl hunting and the Rocky Mountains are easily accessible.
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Town of Severance Statistics
Town of Severance Colorado
Population, 2010 3,165 5,029,196
2000-2010 Population Change, % 81.1% 14.5%
% Population under 5 years, 2010 10% 6.8%
% Population under 19 years, 2010 21.2% 20.3
% Population 65 years and over, 2010 5.3% 10.9%
Language other than English spoken at home, % age 5+,
2009-2013 2.2% 15.9%
Homeownership Rate 2010 91% 65.5%
Persons Per Household 2010 2.9 2.57
Persons below poverty level, %, 2013 3.4% 13.2%
Median Household Income, 2013 $84,293 $58,433
Source: US Census Bureau
Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment
NATURAL HAZARD PROBABILITY IMPACT SPATIAL
EXTENT
WARNING
TIME DURATION RF
RATING
Severe Storm 1.20 0.60 0.80 0.40 0.10 3.10
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Straight-Line Winds &
Tornadoes 1.20 0.60 0.80 0.40 0.10 3.10
Extreme Temperatures 1.20 0.60 0.80 0.10 0.10 2.80
Drought 1.20 0.60 0.80 0.10 0.10 2.80
Prairie Fire 0.90 0.60 0.60 0.10 0.10 2.30
Flood 0.60 0.60 0.40 0.10 0.10 1.80
Public Health Hazards 0.60 0.60 0.40 0.10 0.10 1.80
HAZMAT 0.60 0.30 0.20 0.10 0.10 1.30
Earthquake 0.30 0.30 0.20 0.10 0.10 1.00
Land Subsidence 0.30 0.30 0.20 0.10 0.10 1.00
HIGH RISK (2.5 or higher): Severe Storm; Straight-Line Winds & Tornadoes; Extreme
Temperatures; Drought
MODERATE RISK HAZARD (2.0 - 2.4): Prairie Fire
Low Risk (1.9 or lower): Flood; Public Health Hazards; HAZMAT; Earthquake; Land Subsidence
Vulnerability Assessment
This section provides a refined vulnerability assessment, specific for the Town of Severance, for those
hazards that were identified as being rated HIGH in the preceding section. This analysis was conducted
separately from that of the county-wide vulnerability assessment to specifically focus on the population,
structures, infrastructure, and other assets unique to the Town of Severance.
The results of the social vulnerability assessment are displayed on the map below. On the map, social
vulnerability is represented at the census tract level by 5 classes of vulnerability: Low (bottom 20% of the
county), Medium-Low, Medium, Medium-High, and High (top 20% of the county). The Town of
Severance’s social vulnerability map shows social vulnerability within the community.
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The Town of Severance is characterized by low and medium levels of social vulnerability. The majority of
the town is in the bottom 20% of social vulnerability in the county. Currently, the socioeconomic indicators
that contribute to elevated vulnerability to disasters are lower in Severance than they are in the majority
of Weld County. This does not mean, however, that there aren’t any socially vulnerable residents living in
the community or that social vulnerability levels will remain the same over time. Close analysis of the
individual social vulnerability indicators within the community will give local emergency managers,
planners, and stakeholders a clearer picture of which social vulnerability factors threaten the community
the most and where social and economic resources should be allocated in order to reduce vulnerability.
Over time, the Town of Severance should continue to monitor their progress as demographic, economic,
and housing related conditions change over time.
Severe Storm (Hail, Lightning, Winter Storm)
Hail
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According to the best available data there are no reported injuries, deaths, property damage, or crop
damage in the Town of Severance. There have been four hail events that were reported within the town
limits and several hail events that occurred less than one mile from the town limits, none of which
reported injuries, deaths, property damage, or crop damage. Although there is no historic data showing
hazardous impacts on the town, there is a great potential for hail events to occur at any given time.
Lightning
According NOAA’s Storm Events Database, no injuries, deaths, property damage, or crop damage have
been reported within the Town of Severance due to lightning. Although there is no historic data showing
hazardous impacts on the town, there is still great potential for Lightning to occur at any given time.
Winter Storm
According to NOAA’s Storm Events Database, the Town of Severance has experienced 54 Winter Storms
since 1996. On December 28, 2006 there was report of a winter storm causing $102,000 in property
damage in central and southern Weld County. There were no deaths, injuries or damage to crops reported
for any of these storms. The Town of Severance is at high risk of experiencing Winter Storms during the
winter months.
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Inventory Exposed
All assets located in the Town of Severance can be considered at risk from severe storms. This includes
3,165 people, or 100% of the town’s population, and all buildings and infrastructure within the Town.
Damages primarily occur as a result of high winds, lightning strikes, hail, snow-loading, and flooding. Most
structures, including the town’s critical facilities, should be able to provide adequate protection from hail
but the structures could suffer broken windows and dented exteriors. Those facilities with back-up
generators are better equipped to handle severe weather situation should the power go out.
Potential Losses
Severe storms affect the entire planning area of the Town of Severance including all above-ground
structures and infrastructure. Although losses to structures are typically minimal and covered by
insurance, there can be impacts with lost time, maintenance costs, and contents within structures. A
timely forecast may not be able to mitigate the property loss, but could reduce the casualties and
associated injuries.
It appears possible to forecast these extreme events with some skill, but further research needs to be
done to test the existing hypothesis about the interaction between the convective storm and its
environment that produces the extensive swath of high winds. Severe storms will remain a highly likely
occurrence for the Town of Severance. It is likely that lightning and hail will also be experienced in the
area due to such storms.
Straight-Line Winds & Tornadoes
According to the best available data, no injuries, deaths, or crop damages have been recorded within the
Town of Severance due to tornadoes. There have been three tornadoes reported within the town limits
between 1957 and 2009. A tornado occurred on May 30, 1957 and caused $3,000 worth of property loss.
Another tornado occurred on June 16, 1983 that caused $1,000 in property damage. There have been
tornadoes reported very close to both the northern, eastern and southern borders of the Town limits.
Tornadoes will remain a highly likely occurrence for the Town of Severance.
According to the best available data, no injuries, deaths, or crop damages have been recorded within the
Town of Severance due to straight-line winds. However, straight-line winds remain a highly likely
occurrence for the Town of Severance.
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Inventory Exposed
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All assets located in the Town of Severance can be considered at risk from straight-line winds and
tornadoes. This includes 3,165 people, or 100% of the town’s population, and all buildings and structures
within the County. Most structures, including the town’s critical facilities, should be able to withstand and
provide adequate protection from severe wind and tornadoes. Those facilities with back-up generators
should be fully equipped to handle severe wind and tornado events should the power go out.
Potential Losses
Generally, straight-line wind events and tornadoes destroy private, commercial, and public property.
Additional costs stem from debris removal, maintenance, repair, and response. Indirect costs include loss
of industrial and commercial productivity as a result of damage to infrastructure, facilities, or interruption
of services. Because no specific, community-wide loss estimation exists for wind and tornado hazards,
potential losses are related to structure value. The building value of the structures in this area amounts
to roughly $266,707,561. Potential losses could be substantial.
Extreme Temperatures
According to the best available data, no injuries, deaths, or crop damages have been recorded within the
Town of Severance due to extreme temperatures. There are two reports of extreme cold temperatures
in central and southern Weld County on December 16th and 17th, 1996. There is a great potential for
extreme temperature events to occur within the region at any given time.
Inventory Exposed
Due to the regional nature of extreme temperatures hazards, jurisdictions with higher numbers of socially
vulnerable residents are expected to experience magnified impacts of extreme temperatures. This
includes places with high numbers of elderly residents, low income families and homeless
individuals/outdoor laborers.
The table below shows data related to population vulnerability to extreme temperatures. Based on Census
information and knowledge of social vulnerability to hazards, jurisdictions with high numbers of elderly
residents, a high poverty rate and/or large numbers of rental properties can plan accordingly to provide
appropriate services and mitigation assistance during extreme temperature events.
Populations Vulnerable to Extreme Temperatures
Age: 65 and Over (%) Persons Below Poverty
Level (%)
Renter-occupied housing
units (%)
Colorado 10.9 12.9 34.5
Town of Severance 5.3 3.4 9.0
The Town of Severance has a lower percentage of elderly residents than does the state of Colorado. This
is also true for the percentage of people living below poverty level in the town. A much larger percentage
of Severance residents own their homes than the general population of Colorado. Based on these
statistics, Severance residents (in general) do not appear to be acutely vulnerable to the impacts of
extreme temperatures. That said, future mitigation efforts related to extreme temperature should focus
on reaching those residents who are elderly, live in poverty or are homeless, or are renters.
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Potential Losses
Because there is no defined geographic boundary for extreme temperature hazards, all of the people and
infrastructure within the Town of Severance are exposed to extreme temperatures. Those with elevated
risk and potential loss are the homeless, infirm, elderly, and low income families. Given the lack of
historical data and limited likelihood of structural losses in the Town of Severance resulting from extreme
heat or cold, and that placing a dollar amount on the cost of a human life are beyond the scope of the
Plan, annualized economic losses for the Town of Severance due to extreme temperatures are currently
considered unquantifiable.
Drought
According to the best available data, no injuries, deaths, or crop damages have been recorded within the
Town of Severance due to drought. There are four reports of drought in southern Weld County. The four
drought events all occurred in April of 2002 and March of 2011. There is a great potential for a drought
event to occur at any given time.
Inventory Exposed
Drought will have little to no direct impact on critical facilities or structures in the Town of Severance.
Should a drought affect the water available for public water systems or individual wells, the availability of
clean drinking water could be compromised. This situation would require emergency actions and could
possibly overwhelm local capacities and financial resources.
Potential Losses
Although it is unlikely that drought conditions will affect existing buildings, infrastructure, and critical
infrastructure, economic livelihoods in the Town of Severance could be negatively impacted due to crop
loss, water shortages, and wildfires as a result of drought. Possible losses/impacts to critical facilities
include the loss of critical function due to low water supplies.
As Severance continues to grow, it will consider water-saving mitigation activities that will decrease local
vulnerability to drought.
Capabilities Assessment
The capability assessment examines the ability of the Town of Severance to implement and manage the
comprehensive mitigation strategy laid out in this Plan. The strengths, weaknesses, and resources of the
community are identified here as a means for evaluating and maintaining effective and appropriate
management of the Town’s hazard mitigation program.
Local Personnel
The ability of a community to implement a comprehensive mitigation strategy depends, in part, on
available resources, including people and staff. The table below outlines the Town’s capabilities as they
relate to key personnel.
Full Time Part Time None or Not-Identified
Emergency Manager X
Floodplain Administrator X
Community Planner X
GIS Specialist x
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Grant Writer x
Land Use Planning and Codes
Local land use plans and building codes are tremendous tools for evaluating local policies related to hazard
mitigation and risk reduction. Additionally, comprehensive master plans, capital improvement plans,
stormwater plans and zoning ordinances all present opportunities for enhanced local capabilities. The
table below outlines the Town’s current capabilities as they relate to land use planning and codes.
Yes (Y);
No (N);
I don’t know (IDK)
A zoning ordinance Y
A hazard-specific ordinance N
Local building codes Y
A comprehensive plan / master plan Y
A Capital Improvements Plan IDK
A Stormwater Plan IDK
A Continuity of Operations Plan (COOP) N
An Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) Y
A Long-Term Recovery Plan N
Participates in the NFIP Y
Building codes are one tool that communities use to enhance public safety. For example, they can increase
structural integrity, mitigate structure fires, and provide benefits in relation to natural hazard avoidance.
In Colorado, land use regulations and building codes are typically implemented at the local level. Even
without a statewide mandate, most counties and many municipalities have enacted regulations and
codes. The Town of Severance has adopted a local building code requirement, demonstrating their
understanding of the benefits codes provide, including reduced exposure to hazards.
Plan Maintenance and Implementation
The Town of Severance has developed a Plan Maintenance and Implementation Strategy outlining their
method and schedule for keeping the plan current. The Implementation Strategy below also includes a
discussion of how the town will continue public participation in the plan maintenance process.
Jurisdiction Plan Maintenance and Implementation Strategy
Town of Severance
“Staff and Town Council will review the 2016 Plan annually.”
“Changes to the mitigation actions and priorities will be posted on the Town's
web site.”
Integrating Hazard Mitigation into Local Planning
Through discussions at planning meetings and the use of an online survey, individual outreach, and phone
calls, each participating jurisdiction brainstormed with the planning team to identify processes for
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integrating hazard mitigation into their local planning mechanisms and policies. The Town of Severance
did not integrate the 2009 HMP into other local planning mechanisms. The table below lists the specific
integration strategies identified by the Town of Severance based on the mitigation actions listed in this
plan.
Jurisdiction Strategy
Town of Severance
“We will integrate hazard mitigation actions into our capital improvements
plan by including possible projects that mitigate risk hazards and elevates
these projects up the projects priority list.”
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Mitigation Action Guides
The following Mitigation Action Guide presents a status update of Severance’s mitigation actions that
were included in the 2009 Plan.
Severance: Continued compliance with the NFIP
PRIORITY: Medium HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flooding
LOCATION: Severance GOALS ADDRESSED: 1
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 2009 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: Ongoing
ISSUE: As participants in the NFIP the Community will continue to promote wise use of floodplains
through ordinance administration and periodic update, promotion of flood insurance and staff
training, including encouragement of Certified Floodplain Manager status.
RECOMMENDATION: The benefits are to flood prone building owners who choose to insure against
flood losses, and to taxpayers who no longer would be faced with subsidizing those potential losses.
ACTION: Continued compliance with the NFIP
LEAD AGENCY: Floodplain Management
officials
EXPECTED COST: Can be accomplished within existing
budgets
SUPPORT AGENCIES: POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES:
PROGRESS MILESTONES:
The following Mitigation Action Guide profiles the community’s new mitigation action that was
developed for the 2016 Plan.
Town of Severance: Downtown drainage and street improvements
PRIORITY: Medium HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flooding, drainage
LOCATION: Severance GOALS ADDRESSED: 1
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: January 1, 2016
ISSUE: Localized flooding and drainage issues in the older part of Town.
RECOMMENDATION: The benefits are to decrease impacts created by localized flooding and drainage
in the old part of Town by installing curb, gutter, sidewalk and storm drainage facilities to alleviate the
problem
ACTION: install curb, gutter, sidewalk, street and drainage improvements by January 2016
LEAD AGENCY: Town of Severance Officials EXPECTED COST: $1,700,000
SUPPORT AGENCIES: DOLA POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: Energy Impact Grant
Funds
PROGRESS MILESTONES: Begin project September 2015
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Letter of Intent to Participate
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Town of Windsor
The following are the overall goals that the City of Windsor established in their Comprehensive Plan: 2006
Update of the 2002 Comprehensive Plan. These goals are the foundation of ongoing public and private
sector as decisions that “effect the future quality of life of existing and future residents and the natural
and build environment in which they live, learn, work, and play.” In the context of the Weld County Hazard
Mitigation Plan and the City’s local hazard mitigation program, the achievement of the following goals will
depend largely upon the city’s ability to successfully implement its hazard mitigation strategies and reduce
risk to people and property from hazards.
Establish land uses and development patterns that reflect the needs and desires of Town of
Windsor’s citizens
Provide guidance to the Town staff and elected and appointed officials as they make land use
development decisions
Facilitate communication between citizens and Town government
Help coordinate various governmental functions
Provide a basis for the development of specific, necessary, and appropriate regulations to govern
the physical development of the Town
Community Profile
The Town of Windsor was founded in 1882 and incorporated in 1890. Windsor is located 60 miles north
of Denver at an elevation of 4,800 feet above sea level. The town is approximately 24.67 square miles
and boasts a semi-arid climate. The population of the Town of Windsor has steadily increased over the
years. Currently, key community facilities include a Chamber of Commerce; Educational Facilities; Library
Services; Parks, Recreational and Cultural Facilities; Fire Protection; Police; and Health and Medical
Facilities.
Windsor has one Senior High School, two Middle Schools, five Elementary Schools, and one Charter
School. Additionally, there are several higher educational facilities in close proximity to the town.
Colorado State University and Arapahoe Community College are located approximately 15 miles to the
northwest, the University of Northern Colorado and Aims Community College is approximately 15 miles
to the southeast. The Town of Windsor offers a comprehensive park, recreation, cultural and trails
program. This includes over 40 miles of trail including the Poudre River Trail and Windsor Lake Trail for
hiking and biking; over 300 acres of parks (developed and undeveloped) and over 52 acres of Town
managed open space. Conservation easements and two State Wildlife areas add over 400 more acres of
public open space.
The Windsor-Severance Fire Rescue (WSFR) provides fire, rescue, and hazmat services to the Towns of
Windsor and Severance, as well as the rural areas surrounding them. It is a special tax district made up of
paid and volunteer staff. The WSFR has two stations staffed 24/7 in Windsor and a third in Severance.
Currently, the Town of Windsor has one Nursing Home, two Assisted Living Facilities (with a 3 rd under
construction); one Independent Senior Living (Good Samaritan Society); two Medical Office
Buildings/Outpatient Facilities; and one Urgent Care Facility. The community’s public services include:
Water and Sewer Services; Public Improvements; Drainage information; Electric Services; Natural Gas;
and Trash Collection.
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Town of Windsor Statistics
Town of Windsor Colorado
Population, 2014 21,106 5,355,866
Population, % change April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014 13.2% 6.5%
% Population under 5 years, 2010 7.3% 6.8%
% Population under 18 years, 2010 29.4% 24.4%
% Population 65 years and over, 2010 10.0% 10.7%
Language other than English spoken at home, % age 5+,
2009-2013 5.5% 16.8%
Homeownership Rate 80.2% 65.4%
Persons Per Household 2.75 2.53
Persons below poverty level, %, 2009-2013 4.8% 13.2%
Median Household Income, 2009- 2013 $83,602 $58,433
Source: US Census Bureau
Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment
The Town of Windsor is situated in both Larimer and Weld Counties. For the purpose of this plan, spatially
analyzed hazard risks have been assessed for the areas of the city that lie specifically within Weld County.
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NATURAL HAZARD PROBABILITY IMPACT SPATIAL
EXTENT
WARNING
TIME DURATION RF
RATING
Severe Storm 0.90 0.30 0.80 0.30 0.30 2.60
Extreme Temperatures 0.90 0.30 0.80 0.10 0.40 2.50
Straight-Line Winds &
Tornadoes 0.90 0.30 0.60 0.40 0.10 2.30
Drought 0.90 0.30 0.80 0.10 0.20 2.30
Prairie Fire 0.90 0.30 0.20 0.40 0.30 2.10
Flood 0.90 0.30 0.20 0.10 0.40 1.90
Public Health Hazards 0.60 0.30 0.40 0.10 0.40 1.80
Land Subsidence 0.60 0.30 0.20 0.40 0.30 1.80
HAZMAT 0.30 0.30 0.20 0.40 0.30 1.50
Earthquake 0.30 0.30 0.20 0.40 0.10 1.30
HIGH RISK (2.5 or higher) : Severe Storm; Extreme Tempuratures
MODERATE RISK HAZARD (2.0 - 2.4): Straight-Line Winds & Tornadoes; Drought; Prairie Fire
Low Risk (1.9 or lower): Flood; Public Health Hazards; Land Subsidence; HAZMAT; Earthquake
Vulnerability Assessment
This section provides a refined vulnerability assessment, specific for the Town of Windsor, for those
hazards that were identified as being rated HIGH in the preceding section. This analysis was conducted
separately from that of the county-wide vulnerability assessment to specifically focus on the population,
structures, infrastructure, and other assets unique to the Town of Windsor.
The results of the social vulnerability assessment are displayed on the map below. On the map, social
vulnerability is represented at the census tract level by 5 classes of vulnerability: Low (bottom 20% of the
county), Medium-Low, Medium, Medium-High, and High (top 20% of the county). The Town of Windsor’s
social vulnerability map shows social vulnerability within the community.
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The Town of Windsor is characterized by low and medium-low levels of social vulnerability. The majority
of the town is in the bottom 20% of social vulnerability in the county. Currently, the socioeconomic
indicators that contribute to elevated vulnerability to disasters are lower in Windsor than they are in the
majority of Weld County. This does not mean, however, that there aren’t any socially vulnerable residents
living in the community or that social vulnerability levels will remain the same over time. Close analysis of
the individual social vulnerability indicators within the community will give local emergency managers,
planners, and stakeholders a clearer picture of which social vulnerability factors threaten the community
the most and where social and economic resources should be allocated in order to reduce vulnerability.
Over time, the town should continue to monitor their progress as demographic, economic, and housing
related conditions change over time.
Severe Storm (Hail, Lightning, Winter Storm)
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Hail
According to the best available data there are no reported injuries, deaths, property damage, or crop
damage in the Town of Windsor. There were several hail events that occurred within the town limits as
well as several events less than one mile from the town limits, none of which reported injuries, deaths,
property damage, or crop damage. Although there is no historic data showing hazardous impacts on the
town, there is a great potential for hail events to occur at any given time.
Lightning
According to the National Climatic Data Center Storm Event Database there have been three recorded
Lightning strikes within the Town of Windsor. There were no injuries, deaths, or crop damage; however,
the town has reported $700,000 in property damage. There is a great potential for Lightning to occur at
any given time within the Town of Windsor.
Winter Storm
According to the best available data, the Town of Windsor has experienced 25 Winter Storms since 1996.
On December 28, 2006 there was report of a winter storm causing $102,000 in property damage in central
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and southern Weld County. There were no deaths, injuries or damage to crops reported for any of these
storms. Town of Windsor is at high risk of experiencing Winter Storms during the winter months.
Inventory exposed
All assets located in the Town of Windsor can be considered at risk from severe storms. This includes
21,106 people, or 100% of the town’s population and all buildings and infrastructure within the Town.
Damages primarily occur as a result of high winds, lightning strikes, hail, snow-loading, and flooding. Most
structures, including the town’s critical facilities, should be able to provide adequate protection from hail
but the structures could suffer broken windows and dented exteriors. Those facilities with back-up
generators are better equipped to handle severe weather situation should the power go out.
Potential Losses
Severe storms affect the entire planning area of the Town of Windsor including all above-ground
structures and infrastructure. Although losses to structures are typically minimal and covered by
insurance, there can be impacts with lost time, maintenance costs, and contents within structures. A
timely forecast may not be able to mitigate the property loss, but could reduce the casualties and
associated injuries.
It appears possible to forecast these extreme events with some skill, but further research needs to be
done to test the existing hypothesis about the interaction between the convective storm and its
environment that produces the extensive swath of high winds. Severe storms will remain a highly likely
occurrence for the Town of Windsor. It is likely that lightning and hail will also be experienced in the area
due to such storms.
Straight-Line Winds & Tornadoes
Although straight-line winds and tornadoes were identified as medium risk in the Hazard Identification
and Risk Assessment, it is being included with the high vulnerability hazards due to the history of tornado
events within the town. According to NOAA’s Storm Events Database, 78 injuries, one death,
approximately $147,000 of property damage, and no crop damages have been recorded within and near
the Town of Windsor due to tornadoes.
There have been six tornadoes in the Town of Windsor between 1957 and 2008. The most severe event
occurred on May 22, 2008. This EF3 tornado traveled in a north westerly direction and reached speeds of
over 165 miles per hour. This tornado event consisted of a formation of several combined tornadoes
forming a wedge that was between a half and three quarters of a mile wide. The tornado caused damage
to not only the Town of Windsor but also the towns of Milliken, Platteville, Gilchrest, and the City of
Greeley. One person was killed at the Missile Silo Campground near Greeley. The tornado impacted area
was designated a national disaster. The Rocky Mountain Insurance Information Association (RMIIA)
reported that there was an estimated $193.5 million in insured damages and approximately 24,000 auto
and homeowners claims. Additional details concerning this damaging event can be found in the post-
event reports posted on the Town’s website (https://windsorgov.com/index.aspx?NID=581).
There have been tornadoes reported very close to the northern, eastern and southern borders of the
Town limits as well. Tornadoes will remain a highly likely occurrence for the Town of Windsor.
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Two residents of Chimney Park walk away with some of their belongings after the tornado blew through
Windsor on May 22, 2008. (Photo Credit: Joe Amon, The Denver Post)
According to NOAA’s Storm Events Database, no injuries, deaths, or crop damages have been recorded
within the Town of Windsor due specifically to straight-line winds. There have been straight-line winds
reported causing less than $1,000 in damages to property within the town limits. Additionally, there have
been several reports of strong winds very close to the borders of the town limits. Straight-line winds will
remain a highly likely occurrence for the Town of Windsor.
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Inventory Exposed
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All assets located in the Town of Windsor can be considered at risk from straight-line winds and tornadoes.
This includes 21,106 people, or 100% of the town’s population, and all buildings and structures within the
County. Most structures, including the town’s critical facilities, should be able to withstand and provide
adequate protection from severe wind and tornadoes. Those facilities with back-up generators should be
fully equipped to handle severe wind and tornado events should the power go out.
Potential Losses
Generally, straight-line wind events and tornadoes destroy private, commercial, and public property.
Additional costs stem from debris removal, maintenance, repair, and response. Indirect costs include loss
of industrial and commercial productivity as a result of damage to infrastructure, facilities, or interruption
of services. Because no specific, community-wide loss estimation exists for wind and tornado hazards,
potential losses are related to structure value. The building value of the structures in this area amounts
to roughly $1,247,727,419. Potential losses could be substantial.
Extreme Temperatures
According to the best available data, no injuries, deaths, or crop damages have been recorded within the
Town of Windsor due to extreme temperatures. There are two reports of extreme cold temperatures in
central and southern Weld County on December 16th and 17th, 1996. There is a great potential for
extreme temperature events to occur within the region at any given time.
Inventory Exposed
Due to the regional nature of extreme temperatures hazards, jurisdictions with higher numbers of socially
vulnerable residents are expected to experience magnified impacts of extreme temperatures. This
includes places with high numbers of elderly residents, low income families and homeless
individuals/outdoor laborers.
The table below shows data related to population vulnerability to extreme temperatures. Based on Census
information and knowledge of social vulnerability to hazards, jurisdictions with high numbers of elderly
residents, a high poverty rate and/or large numbers of rental properties can plan accordingly to provide
appropriate services and mitigation assistance during extreme temperature events.
Populations Vulnerable to Extreme Temperatures
Age: 65 and Over (%) Persons Below Poverty
Level (%)
Renter-occupied housing
units (%)
Colorado 10.9 12.9 34.5
Town of Windsor 10.0 4.8 19.8
The Town of Windsor has a similar percentage of elderly residents as the state of Colorado. Windsor has
a lower percentage of people living below poverty level than the state. A higher percentage of Windsor
residents own their homes than the general population of Colorado. Based on these statistics, Windsor
residents (in general) appear to be less acutely vulnerable to the impacts of extreme temperatures than
the general population of Colorado. That said, future mitigation efforts related to extreme temperature
should focus on reaching those residents who are elderly, live in poverty, are homeless, or are renters.
Potential Losses
Because there is no defined geographic boundary for extreme temperature hazards, all of the people and
infrastructure within the Town of Windsor are exposed to extreme temperatures. Those with elevated
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risk and potential loss are the homeless, infirm, elderly, and low income families. Given the lack of
historical data and limited likelihood of structural losses in the Town of Windsor resulting from extreme
heat or cold, and that placing a dollar amount on the cost of a human life are beyond the scope of the
Plan, annualized economic losses for the Town of Windsor due to extreme temperatures are currently
considered unquantifiable.
Capabilities Assessment
The capability assessment examines the ability of the Town of Windsor to implement and manage the
comprehensive mitigation strategy laid out in this Plan. The strengths, weaknesses, and resources of the
community are identified here as a means for evaluating and maintaining effective and appropriate
management of the Town’s hazard mitigation program.
Local Personnel
The ability of a community to implement a comprehensive mitigation strategy depends, in part, on
available resources, including people and staff. The table below outlines the Town’s capabilities as they
relate to key personnel.
Full Time Part Time None or Not-Identified
Emergency Manager X
Floodplain Administrator X
Community Planner X
GIS Specialist X
Grant Writer X
In Windsor, the Fire Chief and Police Chief act as the joint emergency managers when needed.
Land Use Planning and Codes
Local land use plans and building codes are tremendous tools for evaluating local policies related to hazard
mitigation and risk reduction. Additionally, comprehensive master plans, capital improvement plans,
stormwater plans and zoning ordinances all present opportunities for enhanced local capabilities. The
table below outlines the Town’s capabilities as they relate to land use planning and codes.
Yes (Y);
No (N);
I don’t know (IDK)
A zoning ordinance Y
A hazard-specific ordinance Y
Local building codes Y
A comprehensive plan / master plan Y
A Capital Improvements Plan Y
A Stormwater Plan Y
A Continuity of Operations Plan (COOP) Y
An Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) Y
A Long-Term Recovery Plan Y
Participates in the NFIP Y
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Building codes are one tool that communities use to enhance public safety. For example, they can increase
structural integrity, mitigate structure fires, and provide benefits in relation to natural hazard avoidance.
In Colorado, land use regulations and building codes are typically implemented at the local level. Even
without a statewide mandate, most counties and many municipalities have enacted regulations and
codes. The Town of Windsor has adopted a local building code requirement, demonstrating their
understanding of the benefits codes provide, including reduced exposure to hazards.
Plan Maintenance and Implementation
The Town of Windsor has developed a Plan Maintenance and Implementation Strategy outlining their
method and schedule for keeping the plan current. The Implementation Strategy below also includes a
discussion of how the town will continue public participation in the plan maintenance process.
The Town of Windsor has had experience receiving, administering, and applying for grants for mitigation
and planning-related activities or projects. These previous grants include:
FEMA Pre Disaster Mitigation Grants, HUD Grants, DOLA, HMGP Grants
Additionally, the Town receives technical assistance from the agencies responsible for each
grant
Integrating Hazard Mitigation into Local Planning
Through discussions at planning meetings and the use of an online survey, individual outreach, and phone
calls, each participating jurisdiction brainstormed with the planning team to identify processes for
integrating hazard mitigation into their local planning mechanisms and policies. The Town of Windsor did
not integrate the 2009 HMP into other local planning mechanisms. The table below lists the specific
integration strategies identified by the Town of Windsor based on the mitigation actions listed in this plan.
Jurisdiction Strategy
Town of Windsor
“The Capital Improvement Plan is looked at annually and discussed to ensure
measures are taken to mitigate potential hazards. The Weld County HMP will be
used moving forward.”
Jurisdiction Plan Maintenance and Implementation Strategy
Town of Windsor
The Weld County Hazard Mitigation Plan will be reviewed annually by staff
and Town Board.
The public will have an opportunity to comment during the annual public
meeting.
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Mitigation Action Guides
The following Mitigation Action Guide presents a status update of Windsor’s mitigation action that was
included in the 2009 Plan.
Windsor: Continued compliance with the NFIP
PRIORITY: Medium HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flooding
LOCATION: Windsor GOALS ADDRESSED: 1
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 2009 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: Ongoing
ISSUE: As participants in the NFIP the Community will continue to promote wise use of floodplains
through ordinance administration and periodic update, promotion of flood insurance and staff
training, including encouragement of Certified Floodplain Manager status.
RECOMMENDATION: The benefits are to flood prone building owners who choose to insure against
flood losses, and to taxpayers who no longer would be faced with subsidizing those potential losses.
ACTION: Continued compliance with the NFIP
LEAD AGENCY: Floodplain Management
officials
EXPECTED COST: Can be accomplished within existing
budgets
SUPPORT AGENCIES: POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES:
PROGRESS MILESTONES: Windsor does not participate in the CRS program, however we are a
member of NFIP. Windsor adopted the model ordinance in Jan of 2014 as required by the State of
Colorado. The Town enforces the floodplain regulations in accordance with FEMA’s requirements.
The following Mitigation Action Guides profile each of the community’s new mitigation actions that were
developed for the 2016 Plan.
Windsor: John Law Ditch - Flood Mitigation Project
PRIORITY: High HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flooding
LOCATION: Windsor GOALS ADDRESSED: 1
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 10/2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 2016
ISSUE: FEMA mitigation match for the installation of concrete box culverts under the Greeley No. 2
Canal, Weld County Road 21 and State Highway 392 to reduce flood damage within the John Law
Floodplain.
RECOMMENDATION: Complete project within given timeline to receive grant funding
ACTION: Complete John Law Ditch- Flood Mitigation Project
LEAD AGENCY: Town of Windsor EXPECTED COST: $2,977,504.59
SUPPORT AGENCIES: POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: FEMA and CDBG-DR
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PROGRESS MILESTONES: Received FEMA grant and CDBG-DR funding. Project is scheduled to be
complete in 2016.
Windsor: Acquire Emergency Power System
PRIORITY: Medium HAZARDS ADDRESSED: All Hazards
LOCATION: Windsor GOALS ADDRESSED: 1, 2
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 10/2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: 2016
ISSUE: In Colorado, there a numerous events that could knock out power to Town offices. In case of
emergency, there are several Town employees who need to stay connected to serve our residents.
RECOMMENDATION: The Town plans on purchasing a backup generator
ACTION: Acquire Emergency Power System
LEAD AGENCY: Town of Windsor EXPECTED COST: Can be accomplished within existing
budgets
SUPPORT AGENCIES: POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES:
PROGRESS MILESTONES: Funds for project are included in the 2016 budget.
Windsor: Conduct LETA 911 Outreach to Residents
PRIORITY: Medium HAZARDS ADDRESSED: All hazards
LOCATION: Windsor GOALS ADDRESSED: 1, 2, 3
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 10/2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: A, D, E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: Ongoing
ISSUE: Residents need to be informed in case emergency situations arise.
RECOMMENDATION: The Town continuously partners with LETA 911 to provide emergency
communications to our residents. We will provide LETA 911 each year and encourage residents to
sign-up for this great service.
ACTION: Conduct LETA 911 Outreach to Residents
LEAD AGENCY: Larimer County EXPECTED COST: Can be accomplished within existing
budgets
SUPPORT AGENCIES: Town of Windsor and
other jurisdictions
POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: Already funded
PROGRESS MILESTONES: Town of Windsor staff was recently trained to use LETA 911.
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Windsor: Flood Mitigation on CR 13
PRIORITY: Medium HAZARDS ADDRESSED: Flooding
LOCATION: Windsor GOALS ADDRESSED: 1
RECOMMENDATION DATE: 10/2015 OBJECTIVES ADDRESSED: E
TARGET COMPLETION DATE: Ongoing
ISSUE: CR 13 is vulnerable to flooding each year
RECOMMENDATION: The Town invests $50,000 annually to prevent flooding by removing excess
gravel
ACTION: Develop a flood mitigation strategy for CR 13
LEAD AGENCY: Town EXPECTED COST: Can be accomplished within existing
budgets
SUPPORT AGENCIES: POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES: Already funded
PROGRESS MILESTONES:
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Letter of Intent to Participate
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Appendix C – Local Jurisdiction Mitigation Outreach
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Weld County Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
As a participating member of the Weld County Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee (HMPC), you serve
as a vital link between the county and its businesses and residents. Individual jurisdictional and
organizational representatives can help ensure a successful planning process by helping to inform your
communities about this process and the ultimate goal of a more resilient Weld County. Please leverage
any opportunities that you may have to inform the public about this important project
(www.WeldHMP2016.com).
When opportunities do arise to outreach to groups of citizens, it is important to document these public
interactions so that they can be mentioned in the plan document. During the course of the planning
process, please help to document these interactions with the public using the brief form below.
Jurisdiction/Organization: Town of Milliken
Meeting / Event : Town Board Meeting
Date: 11/25/2014
Location:
Community Chambers – 1201 Broad Street
Brief Description of outreach
performed:
The Town of Milliken Adopted the Town’s Stormwater Master Plan.
The Plan noted $20,000,000 in needed Storm Drainage Projects for
the Town.
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Weld County Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
As a participating member of the Weld County Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee (HMPC), you serve
as a vital link between the county and its businesses and residents. Individual jurisdictional and
organizational representatives can help ensure a successful planning process by helping to inform your
communities about this process and the ultimate goal of a more resilient Weld County. Please leverage
any opportunities that you may have to inform the public about this important project
(www.WeldHMP2016.com).
When opportunities do arise to outreach to groups of citizens, it is important to document these public
interactions so that they can be mentioned in the plan document. During the course of the planning
process, please help to document these interactions with the public using the brief form below.
Jurisdiction/Organization:
Town of Milliken
Meeting / Event : Approval of Ordinance 704, Creating the Town of Milliken Storm
Water Management and Facility Utility Enterprise
Date:
12/10/2014
Location:
Community Chambers – 1201 Broad Street
Brief Description of outreach
performed: The Town set up a Storm Water Utility Fee that can be utilized for
future Stormwater Projects. The Town is currently in the process have
having a study completed to establish a fair and equitable stormwater
fee for businesses and residents. The study will be completed by the
end of 2015. At the beginning of 2016 the stormwater utility fee will
be permanently put in place.